Improvement of durum wheat-plant type,yield potential,and adaptation

Summary Improvement of durum wheat at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) was achieved by exploiting the variability of the tetraploid species in large numbers of combinations, and multi-location testing of germplasm on a world wide base. High yielding, widely adapted durums with short straw, good fertility, and adequate earliness were selected for distribution to major durum growing countries. Present attempts to improve durum wheat are directed at adjusting agronomic traits such as leaf angle and straw strength, and increasing spike fertility and spike size, thereby reaching higher grain numbers per unit area and higher yield potential. Diversification of the developmental pattern and incorporation of drought tolerance aim at further widening adaptation.     

Inheritance of the Triple-spikelet Character in a Tibetan Landrace of Common Wheat

The Tibetan triple-spikelet wheat (TTSW) (Triticum aestivum L. concv. tripletum nom. nud.) is a landrace of common wheat collected from Tibet, China. It possesses a genetic stable character of triple-spikelets, and produces more than 50 spikelets and about 150 florets per spike. The plant has normal number of tillers, normal length of spikes, and well-developed seeds. The inheritance of the triple-spikelet trait in TTSW was genetically analyzed. The results indicate that the triple-spikelet character in TTSW is controlled by two recessive genes. Therefore, we suggest designating the genes controlling this character of triple-spikelets as Ts1 and Ts2. These genes could be used for increasing the number of spikelets per spike for high-yield breeding in common wheat.     

沙冷杉结实特性的观测

以沙冷杉为材料,对其结实特性进行观测,结果表明:在城市人工栽培条件下,初次结实年龄为40～45 a,与野生植株基本相同,初次结实株率为31.3%;充足的光照可使结实植株和球果数量增加,温度对其无明显影响.球果着生于2 a或3 a生枝条基部,以2 a生枝条基部居多;多集中分布在树冠上部的枝条上.果鳞开裂至有种子与果鳞脱落...     

利用三重测交群体剖析玉米株高与穗位高杂种优势的遗传学基础

以玉米强优势杂交种组合豫玉22及其重组近交系为材料,按照TTC (triple testcross)遗传交配设计,组配了270个测交后代的TTC群体。利用复合区间作图法,对控制株高与穗位高的QTL进行了分析,分别检测到20和17个主效QTL,其中超显性位点最多(11个和8个),加性次之(5个和6个),显性(2个和0个)和部分显性较少(2个和3个)。分析发现,存在同时控制株高与穗位高杂种优势的QTL区域,即Bin1.06区域(umc2151~umc1122)、Bin3.05区域(umc2127~umc2166~ umc1539)以及Bin7.03区域(umc1865~umc1888),这也与在各个环境中株高与穗位高的相关性吻合。另外,还分别检测到两性状4个和7个QTL与遗传背景之间的互作,22对和12对标记间的互作,分别解释表型变异的3.26%~16.58%和3.44%~22.41%,说明上位性也可能与这两个性状及其杂种优势的形成有重要关系。     

烤烟不同叶位叶片有机酸含量的差异分析

采用硫酸甲酯化前处理,结合气相色谱-质谱( GC/MS)分离分析技术,研究了烤烟不同叶位叶片(L8-L12,即从底部第8位叶向上到第12位叶)有机酸含量的差异.GC/MS定量分析结果表明:烤烟不同叶位叶片中,苹果酸、γ-戊酮酸、柠檬酸、丙二酸、乙二酸、亚麻酸和软脂酸含量相对较高,是烤烟中主要的有机酸成分;并且不同叶位叶...     

黄花梨的动态特性试验研究

动态特性是评价水果质地和成熟程度的的一个重要指标。利用正弦曲线应力-应变动态试验测定了黄花梨的动态特性，发现在不同预加载荷、不同激振功率、不同成熟程度等条件下梨果实动态试验的弹性模量和相位角明显不同。这表明：在相同频率下，随预加载荷的增加，弹性模量值增加；在相同预载荷、激振功率和频率下，未成熟黄花梨的动态试验相位角较小、成熟黄花梨的相位角较大，未成熟黄花梨的动态试验弹性模量较大，成熟黄花梨的弹性模量较小     

云南省主产烟区烟叶化学成分的部位特征

 在云南省多种生态条件下对不同主产烟区烟叶化学成分的部位特征进行了初步分析。结果表明：思茅烟区总糖含量部位间差异较大;大理烟区烟碱、总氮含量部位间差异较大;保山烟区钾、氯离子含量部位间差异较大;玉溪烟区糖/碱部位间差异较大;曲靖烟区氮/碱部位间差异较大。     

数控加工工艺过程分析与处理探索

通过研究和分析数控编程中要确定的各种加工参数和工艺内容，讨论了在控加工时进行工艺分析和确定工艺参数的方法，并以相应的实例解释了具体完成各项工作的正确方向。     

不同留杈部位对烤烟性状及质量的影响

对豫东烟区早花程度较轻和较重的烟株进行了不同留杈部位对烤烟性状及质量影响的试验研究.结果表明,高杈处理有利于烟株根系和衩烟良好生长,提高烟叶产量,改善烟叶外观质量,协调烟叶化学成分.早花程度较轻和较重烟株的高杈处理烟叶产量分别为2 565.8,2 602.5 kg.hm-2,产值分别为20 674.5,20 854.3元.hm-2,明显高于中杈和低杈处理.同时分析了烟株早花的原因,讨论了高杈处理培育杈烟存在的问题及解决办法,提出了低杈处理培育杈烟的优化措施.