Evaluation of laryngeal function under the influence of various head and neck positions during exercise in 58 performance horses

The objective of this study was to examine laryngeal function at rest and during ridden exercise and to further analyse the impact of different head and neck positions on the laryngeal function in ridden sport horses. Fifty‐eight Warmblood horses were examined endoscopically during ridden exercise as well as during quiet breathing at rest before and after sedation. Four different head‐neck positions (unrestrained, reference, elevation and hyperflexion) were assessed during the exercise test. Laryngeal function was graded at rest and for every combination of gait and head and neck position during exercise. There was a significant correlation between the grade of laryngeal function during exercise and at rest both before (correlation coefficient = 0.794) and after (correlation coefficient = 0.741) sedation (P<0.01). No significant association was found between the grade of laryngeal function during exercise and the different head and neck positions.     

拖拉机冷却系统效率影响因素分析

研究了拖拉机冷却系统效率的影响因素,为提高整机冷却系统效率提供技术支持。     

不同变黄时间对烟叶叶绿素及其主要化学成分含量的影响

以云烟87为试材,探讨了在烘烤过程中,不同变黄时间对烟叶叶绿素及其主要化学成分含量的影响。结果表明,延长变黄时间12 h 后,烟叶的总糖、还原糖、总氮、烟碱含量适宜,钾氯比值最高,化学成分最协调,工业可用性较好,综合经济效益最优。     

Carbon source and trophic position of pelagic fish in coastal waters of south-eastern Izu Peninsula,Japan, identified by stable isotope analysis

ABSTRACT:   It is important to clarify trophic dynamics in marine ecosystems for management of the fishing ground. Organic carbon sources and trophic position of pelagic fishes in the coastal waters of the south-eastern Izu Peninsula, Japan, were examined on the basis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope distributions. The δ¹³C of the fishes was mostly distributed from −19 to −16‰ for nektonic fishes (13 species of adults and immatures) and planktonic fishes (10 species of larvae and juveniles), close to the δ¹³C values of particulate organic matter and planktonic decapods. These δ¹³C signatures for the inhabitants of the water column were in contrast with the high δ¹³C values (mainly −16 to −13‰) for demersal fishes of Scorpaeniformes and benthic polychaetes collected in the surf zone. These results indicate that nektonic and planktonic fishes depend on phytoplankton for carbon supply. The δ¹⁵N signatures suggest that the trophic position ranged 3.1–4.5 for the nektonic fishes and 2.9–3.7 for the planktonic fishes, premised on trophic level 3 for larval Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus . Thus, planktivorous fishes should be mainly assigned to trophic levels 3 and 4 in this area.     

多因素影响下的喀斯特山区坡耕地分布特征——以贵阳市花溪区为例

为研究喀斯特山区坡耕地在岩性、土壤类型、坡位和居民点影响下的分布特征,为区域水土流失治理提供参考,以贵州省贵阳市花溪区为研究对象,结合花溪区高清影像图、高程图(DEM)、地质图和土壤类型图为主要数据源,利用ArcGIS 10.2平台,基于其空间叠加分析、数理统计等功能,对多因子影响下的喀斯特山区坡耕地分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:花溪区坡耕地面积占全区总面积的21.07%,占全区耕地面积的63.85%,是花溪区主要耕地类型; 在各岩组上,坡耕地的分布面积从大到小依次为:石灰岩组>白云岩组>普通砂页岩组>紫色砂页岩组,其中在普通砂页岩组和石灰岩组上分布较为集中连片,在白云岩组和紫色砂页岩组上分布较为零散; 坡耕地的各土壤类型面积依次表现为:水稻土>黄壤>石灰土>紫色土>潮土,其中黄壤最为集中连片,水稻土则较为分散; 不同坡位区域中,坡耕地面积依次表现为; 下坡位>中坡位>上坡位,其中在下坡位区域分布最为集中连片,上坡位区域分布最为零散; 同时坡耕地和居民点在空间分布上具有显著相关性,距离居民点越远,坡耕地分布越稀疏。综上所述,在多种因素共同作用下,花溪区坡耕地呈现出“西部多东部少”的空间格局,其中普通砂页岩组和石灰岩组上的坡耕地连片区可优先考虑进行治理。     

不同结果部位对栖霞大香水梨果实香气的影响

以套袋和不套袋栖霞大香水梨为试材,采用固相微萃取(SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GCMS)技术,研究了不同结果部位对梨果实香气的影响。结果表明,不同结果部位果实香气物质种类和含量存在显著差异,套袋树外围东部果实香气物质种类最多,为35种,含量最高,为4 076.01 ng/g,外围北侧香气物质种类最少,为24种,内膛下部果实香气物质含量最低,为421.22 ng/g。不套袋树外围南面的果实香气物质种类最多,为42种,含量最高,为10 001.14 ng/g,外围北面果实的香气物质种类最少、含量最低,分别为24种和357.08 ng/g。     

深化科企合作 提升山东种业创新能力

文章总结了山东种业科技发展的现状,分析了商业化育种过渡期内实行科企合作的必然性,剖析了深化科企合作面临的困境,如政策支持不配套、商业化育种机制不完善、缺乏完善的种业科研成果评估体系和交易平台、现有科企合作模式不能满足现代种业发展需要等,针对问题从完善法律法规、完善商业化育种机制、加大支持力度、创新合作模式等角度提出了深化科企合作的发展对策,以期为促进山东种业快速发展提供参考。     

坡向与坡位对雷竹竹笋产量的影响

采用随机区组试验设计法调查雷竹在不同坡向与坡位的生长情况,共调查45个雷竹标准地,统计结果为出笋数14 625~26 625个/hm2、鲜笋产量1.90~7.11 t/hm2、平均单笋重120.2~298.9 g。通过对比分析,结果表明:坡向和坡位对雷竹的出笋数、鲜笋产量和平均单笋重均有极显著影响,坡向与坡位处理之间交互作用引起的鲜笋产量存在极显著差异。经营雷竹林宜选择东南或西南坡、下坡的组合或南坡、下坡组合为好。本文为雷竹造林时选择适生坡向和坡位提供了参考。     

前倾坐姿下办公椅腰臀部承托舒适性的研究

前倾坐姿是工作状态下保持时间最长的坐姿。该坐姿条件下,腰背部支撑不足则容易造成低背部椎间盘病变并出现疼痛症状,因此,办公椅的相关承托性设计尤为重要。提取办公椅承托系统中最重要的4个承托因素,即座深、坐垫倾角、腰垫高度、腰垫倾角,进行正交试验。结果表明,腰臀部体压分布指标和主观舒适感评价指标能较全面地反映前倾坐姿舒适感。由极差法提取针对各因素的关键指标,使讨论具体而统一。与普通办公椅相比,适当前倾的坐垫和略微偏低的腰垫将提高前倾坐姿的舒适性。     

Effects of Night Temperature,Spikelet Position and Salicylic Acid on Yield and Yield‐Related Parameters of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Plants

Periodic episodes of heat stress and seasonally high night temperatures (HNT) are predicted to occur more frequently in the current changing weather environment. These events affect aspects of crop growth and development, including oxidative‐stress damage, reducing crop yield and quality. Salicylic acid (SA), a naturally occurring phenolic compound, associated with thermo‐tolerance, prevents oxidative damage by detoxifying superoxide radicals and altering antioxidant capacity in plants. A study was conducted to determine the effects of HNT and SA on multiple rice yield‐determining parameters with special emphasis on effects of HNT and SA at different spikelet positions in the panicle. Plants were grown under ambient night temperature (27 °C) or HNT (32 °C) in the greenhouse. They were subjected to HNT through use of continuously controlled infrared heaters, starting from 2000 h to 0600 h. The HNT did not affect productive tillers, main‐stem panicle length or number of primary branches per panicle; however, reduced yield resulted from significant negative effects on spikelet fertility (SF), grain length and width. The grains located at the base of the panicle showed decreased fertility, length and width. Application of SA increased antioxidant capacity, thereby preventing damage to membranes, hence increasing yield by predominantly affecting SF in rice plants.