Effect of feeding increasing quantities of starch on glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in healthy horses

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing the intake of starch on the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses of horses. A cross-over study design was used in which four horses were fed increasing amounts of a compound feed (0.5–3.5 kg) to provide 0.3, 0.6, 0.8, 1.1, 1.4 and 2 g starch/kg bodyweight (BW)/meal. The glycaemic response increased with starch intake (P < 0.05), while feeding <1.1 g starch/kg BW resulted in a lowered response, compared to when 1.1–2 g starch/kg BW was fed (P < 0.01). The results suggested that insulin responses may be more appropriate to define the effect of feeding different starch levels than glycaemic responses. A starch intake of <1.1 g/kg BW/meal produced only moderate glucose and insulin responses, even though highly processed cereals were used. It is therefore recommended that a starch intake of <1.1 g/kg BW/meal or a meal size of 0.3 kg/100 kg BW (starch content of 30–40%) is used for horses.     

The relationship between tumour size and expression of prognostic markers in benign and malignant canine mammary tumours

Tumour size is considered one of the most important determinants of clinical staging in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to assess the value of tumour size as an indicator of the differentiation of mammary neoplasias in female dogs. The tumour, nodes metastates (TNM) system, based on primary lesion size, the extent of its dissemination to regional lymph nodes and the presence or absence of distant metastases, was applied to 120 female dogs diagnosed with mammary neoplasias. Paraffin blocks from 38 cases were selected and studied by immunohistochemical staining for prognostic and predictive markers of breast cancer. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve was estimated for 110 female dogs. Larger tumours (T3) were mostly malignant and showed lower expression of progesterone receptor and higher expression of cellular proliferation markers. Global survival time was shorter in female dogs with large tumour masses. This study highlights the importance of tumour size as a prognostic indicator of mammary neoplasias in female dogs.     

动物标本的保养分析

分析了动物标本受损害的原因,提出了具体的防治方法,同时介绍了目前国际上最新采用的动物标本保养的新方法和新药品。     

基于ALOS和PPS的退耕还林工程监测——以沽源县九连城镇为例

以ALOS数据作为卫星遥感数据信息源,利用计算机进行监督分类和人机交互式解译,可提取工程区实际退耕还林面积,但对所有图斑进行实地植被状况调查的费用是非常昂贵和费时的。采用不等概抽样方法(PPS),将给定的遥感解译图斑面积/各工程实施图斑面积作为辅助因子,根据30块工程实际面积和GPS实地量测退耕还林面积,估计工程保存造林总面积,将两者提取面积做了对比分析。分析结果表明,该方法分析精度达到86.2%,对及时掌握工程实施进度及质量,也具有极其重要的意义。     

粒径和启动温度对猪粪气化过程的影响

试验采用自主设计制造的流化床反应器,对猪粪展开空气气化研究。该文主要考察了原料粒径和启动温度对气化过程的影响。试验结果表明,原料粒径会影响固体颗粒在反应器内的停留时间和异相反应的接触面积。随着粒径增大反应器内温度场分布最高温度区上移,因此要求反应器有足够的流化高度;粒径越大,液体产率越高,固体产率越低,气体产率以0.5 mm粒径最高;在1.0 mm以内的原料粒径对气态产物的成分没有明显影响;通过对燃气热值、碳转化率和气化效率3个气化指标的计算,结果显示0.5 mm效果最佳。试验结果也表明反应器启动温度越高,反应器启动时间就越短,越有利于气体产物形成;由于当量比保持不变,所以固体产物得率基本没有变化,液体产物随启动温度提高而减少;小分子气态物质含量随启动温度升高而升高,一些相对大分子物质成分含量随温度升高而减少;启动温度对3个气化指标的影响不是很明显。     

网格大小选择对大尺度分布式水文模型水文过程模拟的影响

以都阳湖信江流域为研究区,分析了网格大小选择对大尺度分布式水文模型水文过程模拟的影响.研究结果显示,在同样参数条件下,1,2和4 km这3种不同尺寸网格对模拟的总径流量影响较小,但网格大小显著地改变着模拟水流在地表径流和地下径流间的分配;不同网格的模型计算的实际蒸发量的差别不显著;大网格的模型计算的地下水补给量大.经过率定后的3种不同网格的模型均能较好地模拟流域的径流过程,但2 km网格模型模拟的总体效果要好于1 km网格模型和4 km网格模型.研究表明,对于分布式水文模型,网格的精细并不一定提高模型的模拟效果,一定精度空间数据的翰人条件下,分布式水文模型存在一个合适的网格大小使得模型的模拟效果最佳.在流域水文模型的具体应用中,应考虑流域本身的尺度以及模拟的目的和精度要求,选择合适的网格大小,同时应结合模型机理,解释模拟结果.     

Higher breeding densities of the threatened little bustard Tetrax tetrax occur in larger grassland fields: Implications for conservation

Previous studies have found that densities of little bustard Tetrax tetrax breeding males tend to be higher in areas with smaller agricultural fields, presumably due to increased habitat diversity. However, exceptionally high densities have been found in large grassland fields in Portugal, which suggests that the influence of field size varies geographically, and that the role of this factor is not yet fully understood, despite its importance as a key management issue.We studied how field size, together with vegetation structure, influences the presence and density of breeding little bustards in a region of southern Portugal. Fifty-four grassland fields were sampled in 2007 and another 29 in 2008, with sizes ranging from 23 to 172 ha. A total of 183 breeding males were found in 47 of these fields, reaching densities of up to 37 males/100 ha. A higher probability of occurrence of breeding males was found in larger fields with a vegetation height below 40 cm and field size alone explained 46% of the variability in male density. These results suggest that larger continuous areas of suitable habitat attract many males, most likely as a consequence of their lek mating system. We conclude that conservation efforts, in a landscape context of large farm sizes, should: (1) be channelled to farms with large fields; (2) ensure adequate livestock grazing to create suitable habitat and (3) promote management at a landscape level to ensure the most continuous grassland habitat patches possible.     

TDI对聚丙烯/木粉复合材料性能的影响——木粉粒径的影响

采用甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)改性木粉并制备聚丙烯(PP)/木粉复合材料,研究了不同粒径的改性木粉对PP/木粉复合材料力学性能和加工性能的影响。结果表明,TDI可以改善木塑复合材料力学性能和加工流动性;木粉粒径为120目时,复合材料的综合性能较好,其断面结构较为光滑。     

日光温室秋茬甜瓜果实生长发育与糖分积累的关系分析

为揭示日光温室特殊环境下甜瓜果实大小和糖分积累的规律和特点,以果型大小和成熟期不同的两个甜瓜品种为试验材料,于果实发育的不同时期观察测定了果实纵横径、果肉细胞数目、细胞大小和糖分含量.结果表明:甜瓜果肉细胞数目快速增长主要发生在花后3d内.甜瓜果实细胞大小在花后3～14d迅速增大.温室甜瓜果实体积快速增长期在花后3～21 d,甜瓜果实大小增长存在明显的品种差异.甜瓜果肉还原糖(果糖和葡萄糖)快速积累期在花后14～28 d(玉金香)或21～35 d(银帝).两个品种蔗糖和总糖快速积累均主要发生在果实成熟前2～4周.同品种果实体积大小和细胞长度和宽度极显著相关,和细胞数目相关不显著,玉金香和银帝品种间体积差异主要原因是细胞数目不同.甜瓜果实糖分增高主要是蔗糖量的不断积累,玉金香含糖量高于银帝的主要原因是蔗糖积累速率较快.     

Study on the Relationship Between Capacity of Regional AtmosphericEnvironments and the Size of Population Development

The population of university town increases sharply these days, the quality of atmospheric environments continues to deteriorate, and the carrying capacity of environments declines dramatically. People`s environmental awareness is gradually increasing and the demand for quality of life is higher and higher.In order to protect the quality of atmospheric environments, mitigate the adverse effects of population expansion of the university town on the atmospheric environments, and promote the sustainable development of social and economic benefits, to carry out this project is essential. Based on the university town`s existing land-use planning and environmental quality, combined with regional meteorological data, the article uses mathematical modeling to estimate the atmospheric environmental capacity of regional conventional pollution factor. Also, according to the survey data based on per capita resource consumption, this article statistically analyzes the unit of pollutant emissions and regional pollutants emissions. Based on the estimates of environmental capacity, it demonstrates the rationality of existing planning of the university town and also feedback from the perspective of the protection of the atmospheric environment on the population size control of the university town.