Ba(OH)_2加入温度对酚醛树脂胶黏剂性能的影响

采用Ba(OH)_2和NaOH复合催化剂,通过两步甲醛加入法工艺制备酚醛树脂胶黏剂。考察了Ba(OH)_2加入温度对酚醛树脂颜色、黏度、水溶倍数和固化时间的影响,并采用FTIR和DSC对胶黏剂进行了表征。结果表明,随着Ba(OH)_2加入温度升高,所制得胶黏剂的黏度逐渐降低,水溶倍数逐渐增大,固化时间逐渐延长。FTIR测试结果表明,胶黏剂中高活性的邻-邻结构随着Ba(OH)_2加入温度升高而逐渐减少,这正是黏度、水溶倍数和固化时间变化的原因所在。DSC测试结果显示,固化温度和放热量随着Ba(OH)_2加入温度的升高而逐渐增大,表明固化速率降低。综合考虑各项性能,应在60℃时加入Ba(OH)_2制备酚醛树脂。     

黑龙江几种桑果品质的测定分析

不同品种的桑果其可溶性固形物、总酸、固酸比、氨基态氮含量存在差异 ,可作为评价桑果品质的重要参考指标.经测试 :龙椹2号和龙椹3号可溶性固形物的百分含量高出对照品种4个百分点 ;总酸的百分含量远低于对照品种 ;固酸比远大于对照品种 ;氨基态氮的含量小于对照品种.初步认为龙椹2号和龙椹3号桑果品质优于野生对照品种.     

浒苔多糖及多糖铁对水稻育苗生长的影响

通过水稻育苗实验,对比分析了浒苔多糖（EP）和多糖铁（EPI）对水稻育苗生长的影响。研究发现,浒苔多糖和多糖铁对水稻具有显著的促生长作用。水稻的氮含量、叶绿素及可溶性糖含量,相对于空白组,浒苔多糖处理组分别提高了42.2%、45.9%、2.7%,多糖铁组相对提高了48.2%、52.8%、4.3%,而多糖铁相对于多糖组提高了4.2%、4.7%、1.6%。另一方面,浒苔多糖和多糖铁显著提高了水稻的生长势,相对于空白组,多糖及多糖铁处理组的水稻的根长、株高、干重等指标显著增加,浒苔多糖处理组分别提高了9.2%、25.4%、27.0%,多糖铁组相对提高了48.0%、49.6%、39.8%,而多糖铁相对于多糖组分别提高了35.5%、19.3%、10.0%。因此,浒苔多糖和多糖铁可促进水稻体内氮元素的积累,促进叶绿素的合成,提高光合作用,增加可溶性糖的含量,从而提高水稻的生长势,表现在根长、株高和株重等指标显著增加,其中多糖铁对水稻的促生长作用更为显著,可为浒苔在农业中的高值化开发提供研究方向。     

甘薯块根可溶性糖组分特征及其与食味的关联分析

【目的】可溶性糖含量是甘薯块根食用品质和加工性能的重要指标,研究可溶性糖组分特征及其与食用品质的关系,有助于了解块根可溶性糖组分在加工中的变化及其对食味的影响,为甘薯鲜食与加工的品种选择、专用品种选育和种质资源利用提供依据。【方法】采用高效液相色谱蒸发光散射检测器法（HPLC-ELSD）测定102份甘薯种质资源的生薯和蒸熟薯的可溶性糖组分含量,对不同干物率类型的块根可溶性糖组分特征进行分析,并用相关性和逐步线性回归分析可溶性糖组分与食味的关系及其对食味的贡献。【结果】甘薯的生薯和熟薯均含有果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖4种可溶性糖。在生薯中,蔗糖含量最高,平均含量为25.79 mg·(g·FW)^-1,占生薯可溶性糖的45.31%;果糖和葡萄糖含量相近,关系密切,果糖含量（y）和葡萄糖含量（x）的拟合方程为y=0.807x+1.275;麦芽糖含量最低,平均含量为6.79 mg·(g·FW)^-1,仅占生薯可溶性糖的11.92%。生薯可溶性糖含量高低主要由果糖和葡萄糖含量决定,通常情况下,低干物率品种具有更高的生薯可溶性糖和果糖含量,生化甜度更好。在蒸熟过程中块根中可溶性糖含量变化主要在于产生了大量麦芽糖,麦芽糖含量从生薯的0.96—24.67 mg·(g·FW)^-1提高至14.80—136.16 mg·(g·FW)^-1。熟薯可溶性糖含量高低是由麦芽糖含量决定的,中、高干物率类型具有更高的熟薯可溶性糖和麦芽糖含量。甘薯块根食味增量主要来源于蒸熟过程中产生的可溶性糖;麦芽糖、果糖、蔗糖是甘薯块根食味的重要影响因子;麦芽糖对食味增量的贡献率近50%,对香味和质地的作用尤为突出;果糖对黏度的贡献最大,而蔗糖对质地的贡献优于果糖。【结论】生薯可溶性糖和果糖含量是反映甘薯生薯甜度的重要指标,熟薯可溶性糖、麦芽糖含量是反映甘薯食味的重要指标。麦芽糖、果糖、蔗糖是影响甘薯块根食用品质及加工性能的重要可溶性糖组分。筛选出甘薯块根可溶性糖特异种质11份。     

茄子叶面喷施大量元素水溶肥试验初报

大量元素水溶肥具有水溶性好,易被作物吸收,能实现水肥同施,省水省肥省工等优点。采用随机区组设计,研究叶面喷施全福大量元素水溶肥对茄子生产的影响,结果表明：在常规施肥基础上,喷施全福大量元素水溶肥处理能促进茄子生长发育,改善农艺性状,每667㎡增产213.3 kg,增产7.34%,增产达显著水平。     

阿莫西林可溶性粉工艺考察以及在畜牧业生产中的应用

［］现代药物在养殖业上的应用,是实现养殖业发展的保障,规模化集约化程度高的养殖业发展,更需要像阿莫西林这样的即安全又有效的抗生素的护航。通过对阿莫西林可溶性粉的安全性、有效性的分析,以期为阿莫西林可溶性粉生产、使用提供参考。     

不同成熟度雪茄烟晾制过程碳水化合物及相关酶活性变化规律研究

为了解不同成熟度晾制对雪茄烟叶品质的影响,以雪茄烟品种‘H382’为研究对象,采用大田试验方法,研究不同成熟度雪茄烟在晾制过程中碳水化合物含量及相关酶活性的变化,并对不同成熟度雪茄烟进行品质分析。结果表明,在晾制过程中适熟采收的烟叶失水速度和含水率适中,能促进内在物质的转化;雪茄烟适熟时采收,淀粉含量最低,淀粉降解速率快、降解较彻底,总糖、还原糖含量相对较高;淀粉酶和淀粉磷酸化酶活性均以适熟采收的烟叶最高;晾制后烟叶化学成分的主成分综合得分也以适熟采收的烟叶最高,化学品质较好。研究可为五指山雪茄烟叶采收提供理论基础。     

Metabolic effects of changes in the dietary protein: carbohydrate ratio in eel (Angilla anguilla) and trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The metabolic consequences of the isoenergetic replacement of dietaryprotein by carbohydrates (CHO) were compared in studies of European eel andrainbow trout. Diets with 45/20, 37/30, 29/40 and 21/50 percentprotein/carbohydrate were assessed during a 12-week experiment. The CHO sourcewas pre-gelatinized corn starch. Fish of initial average weight 45gwere fed to satiation twice daily. Weight-gain and feed-efficiency data weregenerally better in trout than in eel, presumably because trout digestibilitycoefficients for protein and energy were higher than in eel. In both species,regardless of physiological differences in digestion and absorption, feedintakeand nutrient digestibility were lower when dietary CHO was higher, but theinter-species differences decreased with increasing dietary CHO.Pyruvate kinase activity (PK) in trout was not affected by dietary CHO content,while blood-glucose and liver-glycogen levels significantly rose withincreasingdietary CHO. In contrast, blood-glucose levels appeared to be regulated ineels,perhaps by an accelerated glycolysis rate, revealed by changes in PK.Gluconeogenic activity was inhibited in trout fed a diet containing20–30%CHO, while in eels this activity was not inhibited by dietary replacement ofprotein by carbohydrate. Liver glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity(G6PDH) was inhibited in trout fed increasing dietary CHO, whereas in eelsG6PDHoperated at a high rate regardless of dietary composition. These results mayindicate that eels have a better capacity for metabolising high-CHO/low-proteindiets than do trout.     

Effects of high‐fat and high‐carbohydrate diets on fat and carbohydrate oxidation and plasma metabolites in healthy cats

High‐fat (HF) or high‐carbohydrate (HC) diets (30% fat, 18.9% carbohydrate; HF and 10% fat, 46.3% carbohydrate; HC) and lengths of adaptation were investigated in cats (Felis catus; 10 ± 2 months, 3.6 ± 0.3 kg). Cats randomly received each treatment for 14 days in a crossover design with a 14‐day washout period between each diet. Three 22‐h indirect calorimetry studies were conducted after acute (day 0), semichronic (day 4) and chronic (day 13) dietary exposure. Blood samples were collected after a 24‐h fast on days 1, 5 and 14. When cats consumed the HC and HF diet, oxidation of the restricted nutrient exceeded intake while oxidation of the nutrient in excess matched intake. Mean max energy expenditure (EE) of cats consuming the HF and HC diet were 107 and 102 kcal/kg^0.67/day and occurred at a mean of 4 and 12 h post‐feeding respectively. Maximal fat (0.90 g/h) and carbohydrate (carbohydrate; 1.42 g/h) oxidation were attained at 26 min and 10.4 h post‐feeding respectively. The changes observed in macronutrient oxidation and EE suggest that cats adapt whole‐body nutrient metabolism in response to changes in dietary macronutrient content, but may require longer than 14 day to adapt to a macronutrient that is present at a lower concentration in the diet.     

苹果等4种水果果实糖酸组成及风味特点研究

采用高效液相色谱法,分析和测定了4种水果果实中可溶性糖和有机酸的组成及含量,以了解水果果实各具独特风味的影响因素。结果表明,国光苹果果实糖组分以果糖为主,葡萄糖和蔗糖次之,主要有机酸是苹果酸;沙糖桔果实糖组分以蔗糖为主,以柠檬酸和苹果酸为主要有机酸;水晶梨果实中糖组分以果糖和葡萄糖为主,蔗糖含量最低,主要有机酸为苹果酸,其次为柠檬酸;巴西蕉果实中以蔗糖为主要糖分,有机酸中苹果酸含量最高,同时还含有较高的柠檬酸。果实的风味和品质是糖、酸等多种物质综合作用的结果;糖酸比是影响水果果实甜酸风味的一个重要因素,总酸含量在影响果实风味方面起着重要作用。