不同碳水化合物源对饲料油菜青贮品质的影响

为油菜多功能开发利用、促进种养结合,以饲料油菜华油杂62为材料,添加不同来源碳水化合物进行青贮比较试验,研究高水分饲料油菜青贮技术.试验分为5组,分别将20％的各碳水化合物原料(麸皮、玉米粉、米糠、玉米淀粉)与高水分饲料油菜混合青贮,青贮45 d后进行感官评定并测定营养成分、pH、有机酸含量等.结果表明,添加各碳水化合...     

翘嘴红肝脏G6Pase催化亚基的克隆以及摄食和饲料中碳水化合物对其表达的影响

采用RT-PCR和RACE法分离、克隆了翘嘴红G6Pase催化亚基基因全长cDNA,共1900 bp ［不含poly(A)］, 包括49 bp 5′非翻译区,1068 bp阅读框以及含Poly(A)信号AATAAA的778 bp 3′非翻译区［不包括Poly(A)］。阅读框共编码355个氨基酸,分子量为39.89 ku。序列比对分析表明翘嘴红G6Pase与斑马鱼G6Pase的相似性高达95%,与鼠、狗、人G6Pase的相似性为63%,和光滑爪蟾、金头鲷、河豚等G6Pase的相似性分别为69%、55%、76%,并具有G6Pase特有的3个保守基序。为了研究摄食以及饲料中碳水化合物对G6Pase的影响,使用实时定量RT-PCR分别测定了饲喂等能但不含碳水化合物和含23.98%碳水化合物的饲料的翘嘴红肝脏G6Pase基因的表达水平,在使用上述饲料饲喂8周后,禁食48 h, 然后测定禁食和摄食后3、6、12、24 h G6Pase mRNA的表达量,结果显示摄食后12 h,两组G6Pase的表达明显增加,说明摄食影响G6Pase基因的表达,禁食和摄食后3～12 h,含糖组G6Pase基因的表达量为无糖组的2～4倍,这表明碳水化合物可以诱导G6Pase mRNA的表达。图5参21 关键词：快速扩增cDNA末端;葡萄糖6磷酸酶;碳水化合物;翘嘴红;实时定量PCR E-mail:gexp@ffrc.cn     

鸡粪的施用对薄皮甜瓜果实糖积累及糖代谢相关酶活性的影响

为了探讨鸡粪以及鸡粪与尿素配施对薄皮甜瓜果实糖积累及糖代谢相关酶活性的影响,本试验以薄皮甜瓜DX108为试验材料,以尿素为氮源的处理为对照(CK),研究了相同施氮量条件下,鸡粪与尿素配施(A)以及鸡粪(B)对甜瓜果实葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量的影响,分析了蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SS,蔗糖合成与分解方向)、酸性转化酶(AI)和中性转化酶(NI)的活性。结果表明,与CK相比,B、A明显促进了果实中果糖、蔗糖及葡萄糖积累,尤其是显著增加了成熟果实中这3种糖的含量。相关性分析表明,CK的甜瓜果实蔗糖积累与AI活性呈显著负相关,葡萄糖与SPS和SS(蔗糖合成酶)合成方向酶活性呈显著正相关;A和B果实中蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖积累(除B中葡萄糖积累)与SPS、NI活性呈显著或极显著正相关,与SS分解方向酶活性呈极显著负相关,而A果实中葡萄糖积累与SPS和NI活性呈极显著正相关。综上所述,A和B提高了果实中SPS、NI活性,降低了SS分解方向酶活性,进而促进了糖的积累。本研究结果为有机肥替代化学氮肥在甜瓜生产上的应用提供了理论依据。     

大叶冬青叶若干生化指标测定及抗菌活性研究

对大叶冬青叶若干生化指标含量的测定结果表明:不同处理叶各生化指标含量存在明显差异,可溶性蛋白质含量,微波干燥叶与冷冻干燥叶相近,分别是鲜叶的46.3%和45.3%;超氧化物岐化酶含量,冷冻干燥叶与微波干燥叶分别是鲜叶的4.8和4.2倍。大叶冬青叶水层物总生物碱、总黄酮甙元对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有较强的抑菌活性。大叶冬青既可作为绿化苗木种植,又可利用其叶作保健、药用产品进行深度开发。     

水溶有机肥对水稻促早熟的效果研究

为验证水溶有机肥促进水稻早熟的作用,减轻不利天气对水稻产量的影响,采用对比试验的方法,从水稻生育期、病害发生、茎蘖动态、产量性状和经济效益等方面,分析水溶有机肥对水稻生产的影响.试验结果显示,水溶有机肥能使水稻成熟期提早2 d,增强植株抗逆性,增产增效.     

Effects of dietary carbohydrate on weight gain and gonad production in small sea urchins,Lytechinus variegatus

In experiment 1, juvenile sea urchins (n = 80, 0.088 ± 0.001 g wet weight and 5.72 ± 0.04 mm diameter) were held individually and fed ad libitum one of three semi‐purified formulated diets (n = 16 individuals treatment^?1). In the diets, protein was held constant (310 g kg^?1 dry, as fed) and carbohydrate level varied (190, 260, or 380 g kg^?1 dry, as fed). Wet weights were measured every 2 weeks. Total wet weight gain was inversely proportional to dietary carbohydrate level and energy content of the respective diet. In experiment 2, sea urchins (5.60 ± 0.48 g wet weight, n = 40) fed 190 g kg^?1 carbohydrate consumed significantly more dry feed than those fed 260 g kg^?1, but not more than those fed 380 g kg^?1 carbohydrate. Based on differential feed intake rates, sea urchins that consumed more feed also consumed higher levels of protein and had the highest weight gain. Consequently, protein content and/or protein: energy ratio may be important in determining feed utilization and growth among sea urchins in this study. The average digestible energy intake was approximately 70 kcal kg^?1 body weight day^?1, suggesting daily caloric intake of juvenile Lytechinus variegatus is lower than in shrimp and fish.     

断奶仔猪的糖类营养及主要来源

早期断奶仔猪易受生理、营养和环境的影响,而产生应激影响其正常生长,其中营养因素最为重要,本文阐明了仔猪料中碳水化合物的作用及其消化酶的分布特点,描述了仔猪对碳水化合物的消化吸收机理,并对几种主要的碳水化合物来源和利用性能进行分析和总结,为合理配制断奶仔猪饲料提供理论基础。     

不同种类碳水化合物对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、体组成和血清生化指标的影响

为了解罗非鱼对不同种类碳水化合物(CBH)的利用效果,研究了6种碳水化合物对罗非鱼生长性能、体组成和血清生化指标的影响。实验选用720尾初重为(3.0±0.3)g的健康吉富罗非鱼,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复30尾,分别投喂设计含30%南方糙米、次粉、玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、甘薯淀粉和木薯淀粉的6种不同CBH的等氮、等能饲料,实验周期为8周。结果显示,南方糙米、玉米淀粉组的终末均重、增重率、特定生长率和蛋白效率显著高于其他组,而饲料系数明显最低(P0.05)。CBH种类明显影响全鱼、肌肉的组成(P0.05)。玉米淀粉组肝糖原含量明显高于马铃薯淀粉、甘薯淀粉和木薯淀粉组(P0.05),而马铃薯淀粉和甘薯淀粉组的血糖明显低于木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉和次粉组(P0.05)。CBH种类对血清CHO、TG影响明显(P0.05),但对TP、SOD、T-AOC和MDA的影响不明显(P0.05)。研究表明,不同种类CBH对罗非鱼生长性能的影响明显(P0.05),以特定生长率为指标,罗非鱼对南方糙米和玉米淀粉的利用效果较好。     

产单核细胞李斯特菌P60蛋白的可溶性表达

以食品中分离到的L.mXFL0605株为试验菌株,PCR扩增得到iap全基因。将iap连接到pET-28a(+)载体进行原核表达,分别采用培养温度为25℃或37℃,IPTG浓度为5μg/mL或10μg/mL优化组合进行诱导。结果显示,当采用37℃培养和10μg/mLIPTG诱导时可以获得部分可溶性表达的p60,重组p60蛋白分子质量约60 ku。     

Effects of dietary carbohydrate sources on the growth performance and hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus.)

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary carbohydrate sources on the growth performance and hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities of juvenile cobia. Six experimental diets were formulated to contain 20% glucose, sucrose, maltose, dextrin, corn starch and wheat starch respectively. The results indicated that fish fed the wheat starch and dextrin diets showed significantly better weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio compared with those fed the other diets. However, fish fed the glucose diet had a significantly lower survival and condition factor than those fed the other diets. There were significant differences in the total plasma glucose and triglyceride concentration in fish fed diets with different dietary carbohydrate sources. Haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell and leucocytes were significantly affected by the dietary carbohydrate sources. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphofructokinase (PFK) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) were significantly affected by the dietary carbohydrate sources, while fish fed the glucose diet showed higher G6PD, PFK and FBPase activities than those fed the other diets. These data indicated that dextrin and wheat starch were the most optimal carbohydrate sources for juvenile cobia.