奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的原代培养(英文)

[Objective] To investigate the feasibility of the primary culture of bovine mammary epithelial cells in biochemical incubator. [Method] In vitro, bovine mammary epithelial cells were isolated and cultured by the tissue explant method in order to investigate the optimal culture conditions. The morphology observation and identification of the cultured cells were performed by inverted microscope observation, Giemsa staining and cytokeratin immunohistochemistry. [Result] Observed with inverted microscope, most of the bovine mammary epithelial cells were polygonal and displayed typical slabstone-like appearance. As it can be seen from cell staining results, the cell body was big and the nucleus was stained dark blue and was round or oval in shape, with clearly visible nucleoli, generally 2-4 nucleoli. The tissue-specific expression of cytokeratin 14 and cytokeratin 18 genes in mammary epithelial cells was identified by cytokeratin immunohistochemistry. [Conclusion] Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells were successfully cultured in biochemical incubator.     

Shear Deformation Properties of Sliding Zone Soil and Its Effect on Sliding Mechanism of a Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

The mechanical properties of slip soil play a key role in landslide stability. In order to study this control mechanism, multigroup experiments on the slip soil of a landslide were conducted in the Three Gorges reservoir in Zigui county involving consolidated quick direct shear test and consolidated drained direct shear test, through which the strain hardening property of this slip soil has been studiedas well as mechanism of landslide deformation resulting from the strain hardening slip soil. The results show that from plastic deformation to shear failure, the shear stress applied to this slip soil increases all the way. After repeated shearing, its shear strength increases, and the greater the normal stress, the more the shear strength increases, in which process the angle of internal friction contributes the most to its shear strength variation. Through the field investigation and numerical modeling, how the strain hardening slip soil affects the landslide stability was studied. In the process of sliding, the frictional strength of the strain hardening slip soil increases after being shearing, leading to the consumption of the landslide’s kinetic energy, following the phenomenon that a temporary steady state occurs after a short distance sliding.     

Yield characteristics and critical condition of wall slip for sludge

In order to determine the yield characteristics as well as the critical shear stress value of dewatered sludge when wall slip occurs, the rotating rheometer with parallel plate(R/S +CPS) and high-speed cameras(Trouble Shooter) are used for dewatered sludge with low moisture content, at the same time, linear marker and the sensitivity of the yield stress to shear rate as well as the dependence of the shear stress-shear rate data to parallel plate spacing are adopted, thus the existence of the slip and the critical condition can be identified. The results show that the dewatered sludge with the moisture content of 83% under the shear rate of 5~60 s -1 show that the shear thinning, and because there may be the occurrence of wall slip, the yield stress is sensitive to shear rate, and its value decreases with the increase of shear rate. For the dewatered sludge with moisture content of 84%, 85% and 86%, the occurrence of wall slip is obviously observed. Comparing with multiple sets of shear stress-shear rate data under different working conditions finds it isn’t overlap; while for the moisture content as 88%, the results is just opposite. The wall slip velocity produced increases with the increase of wall shear stress. So shear stress and moisture content have some influences on wall slip velocity, and there even may be a critical shear stress.     

Simulation of an adaptive anti slip regulation/hill start assist control system

Anti slip regulation (ASR) systems can maintain the slip rate within a certain range when a vehicle accelerates on low adhesive road surfaces and thus prevent the drive wheels from rotating uncontrollably. Hill start assist control (HAC) systems, the late     

Chaotic behavior of stick slip in rock bursts

Two types of rock bursts, strain rock bursts and fault-slip rock bursts, are defined briefly in terms of their instability mechanisms. Justification for stick-slip instability to account for a fault-slip rock burst is presented. A model we call     

轮式拖拉机实时滑移率监测系统研究

为了获取轮式拖拉机行进过程中的实时滑移率,设计了基于LabVIEW和单片机的轮式拖拉机实时滑移率监测系统。系统以LabVIEW和单片机为数据处理核心,包括霍尔传感器模块、单片机测速模块、LCD1602A液晶显示模块、下位机和上位机通信模块、LabVIEW上位机处理数据显示实时滑移率模块。下位机系统主要负责采集拖拉机驱动轮速度和机身速度数据,上位机系统主要负责计算实时滑移率,同时系统将拖拉机工作过程中的驱动轮速度、机身速度及实时滑移率数据在上位机显示并储存到数据库中。不同路面工况下的试验结果表明:监测系统上位机与下位机运行稳定性可靠,测速误差率平均值为1. 61%,能够满足轮式拖拉机行驶时的实时性要求。该研究可为轮式拖拉机农耕作业陷车安全预警系统设计提供参考。     

Evaluation of the thermal property of bovine intramuscular adipose tissue using differential scanning calorimetry

The thermal property of bovine intramuscular adipose tissue (IAT) was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and compared with the melting point temperature (MP) of the fat extract of IAT, which was measured using the slip point method. The beef samples were classified according to the beef marbling score (BMS). Beef with a high BMS contained less protein than that with middle or low BMS. Beef with a high BMS contained significantly more fat than that with a low BMS (P < 0.05). The endothermic point temperature (EP) of IAT, measured by DSC, was significantly higher than the MP of IAT fat (P < 0.05). The EP showed no significant difference among the three marbling grade groups. Although the MP was correlated with the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content of IAT (R² = 0.505), there was no correlation between the EP and the MUFA (R² = 0.040). However, the EP of IAT treated with collagenase was relatively highly correlated with the MP (R² = 0.655). Thus, these results suggested that DSC analysis would give us the practical thermal information regarding the melt‐in the‐mouth of beef such as the gelatinization of collagen, along with the melting of fat in IAT.     

离心泵滑移系数精度的比较

滑移系数是计算离心泵理论扬程的关键．分析了滑移系数的定义、本质及国内外滑移系数的研究状况．通过对大量优秀离心泵效率的计算，以试验效率为标准比较了目前离心泵常用的斯托道拉、威斯奈和斯基克饮等滑移系数计算公式的精度．计算结果表明，与试验效率相比，离心泵在比转数小于65时威斯奈公式的计算结果更为精确；比转数大于65时斯基克饮公式的计算更为准确。     

基于运动特性的农机导航控制方法

农业机械（农机）运动学模型的精度影响导航控制精度和稳定性,为提高农机路径跟踪控制器精度,提出了一种基于运动特性的农机导航控制器设计方法。该方法主要是对传统二轮车运动学模型建模方法进行改进,针对传统二轮车模型小角度近似替代（方向角等于横摆角）的缺点,采用加入侧偏角的方法优化农机运动学建模过程。采用相同的控制方法（状态反馈控制）和不同的运动学模型设计控制器进行对照实验。直线路径跟踪时,侧偏角对模型精度影响较小,引入侧偏角可以在一定程度上影响农机的跟踪精度;曲线路径跟踪时,侧偏角对方向角的变化影响较大,可以大幅影响路径跟踪精度。以安装有自动导航设备的拖拉机为实验平台进行实地实验,结果表明：直线行驶的最大横向误差平均值为0.0454m,绝对平均误差平均值为0.0149m,标准差平均值为0.0119m;曲线行驶的最大横向误差平均值为0.1613m,绝对平均误差平均值为0.0688m,标准差平均值为0.0434m;基于本文提出的优化模型设计的路径跟踪控制器对直线路径跟踪有一定提升,对曲线跟踪精度有大幅提升。     

犁耕作业大马力拖拉机驱动轮滑转率控制方法

针对犁耕作业时大马力拖拉机驱动轮易产生过度滑转的问题,该研究以大马力拖拉机电液悬挂机组为研究对象,考虑“拖拉机-农具-土壤”系统的强非线性特征,在建立大马力拖拉机犁耕作业机组非线性系统动力学模型的基础上,提出基于滑模变结构控制的大马力拖拉机驱动轮滑转非线性控制方法;并以模糊PID控制为对比,采用Matlab/Simulink验证本文动力学模型的正确性和控制算法的有效性;以Lovol-TG1254型大马力拖拉机为载体,搭建犁耕作业大马力拖拉机驱动轮滑转控制平台,开展田间对比试验,并分析不同控制方法下的滑转控制效果,验证滑模变结构控制算法的控制精度和稳定性。试验结果表明：在2.17 m/s的犁耕作业工况下,与模糊PID控制算法相比,滑模变结构控制算法将拖拉机驱动轮滑转率有效控制在最优值0.2,平均绝对值偏差为0.008,减小了约27%,最大偏差为0.028,减小了约49%;耕深、液压缸位移和水平牵引力调节变化量分别减小了27%、36%、42%。该研究提出的基于滑模变结构的大马力拖拉机驱动轮滑转控制方法可实现犁耕作业驱动轮滑转最优目标控制。