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51.
52.
Water is a restrictive factor for plant growth and ecosystem stability in arid and semiarid areas. The dynamics of water availability in soils and water use by plants are consequently critical to ecosystem functions, e.g. maintaining a high resistance to the changing climate. Plant water use strategies, including water-use efficiency(WUE) and the main water source that a plant species utilizes, play an important role in the evaluation of stability and sustainability of a plantation. The water use strategies of desert plants(Tamarix chinensis, Alhagi sparsifolia, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Sophora alopecuroides, Bassia dasyphylla and Nitraria sphaerocarpa) in three different habitats(saline land, sandy land and Gobi) in Dunhuang(located in the typical arid area of northwestern China) were studied. The stable isotope of oxygen was used to determine the main water source and leaf carbon isotope discrimination was used to estimate the long-term WUE of plant species in the summer of 2010. The results suggest that: 1) the studied desert plants took up soil water below the depth of 80 cm; 2) T. chinensis in the three habitats used deeper soil water and T. chinensis in the Gobi site had higher WUE than those in the saline land and the sandy land. The results indicated that desert plants in Dunhuang depended on stable water source and maintained high WUE to survive in water limited environments. 相似文献
53.
54.
黑皮油松植物景观是东北地区极具特色的植物景观。黑皮油松姿态俊美强劲,尤其是冬态能充分体现出东北的植物景观特色。松树的栽植在秦朝就已有史料记载,时至今日更是广泛应用于园林景观中。在我国北方地区松树作为长绿树种更是应用广泛。中国人爱松,不仅是爱其苍劲挺拔的姿态,更是对其高尚气节的崇拜和倾慕,松的精神更是人们陶冶情操和品德修养的精神动力。松的景观营造在构成形式法则上,应遵循节奏与韵律、对比与和谐、变化与统一。 相似文献
55.
不同荒漠化治理措施对植物多样性及其土地肥力变化的影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
采用α-多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、群落均匀度指数Jsw和Js)和β-多样性指数(相似性系数Cs)研究宁夏盐池县草原群落在不同荒漠化治理措施(人工封育、退耕还林、撂荒地)固定样地植物多样性变化。对比2002和2003年不同类型固定样地植物多样性观测数据表明:到2003年,各实验样地的α-多样性指数均有不同程度的提高。β-多样性的研究结果同样表明:在不同治理措施实验样地的种类组成已经发生了一定的变化。此外,本文还进一步分析了引起植物多样性变化的主要原因。 相似文献
56.
Callose and β‐1,3‐glucanase inhibit Phytophthora cinnamomi in a resistant avocado rootstock 下载免费PDF全文
N. van den Berg J. B. Christie T. A. S. Aveling J. Engelbrecht 《Plant pathology》2018,67(5):1150-1160
Phytophthora root rot (PRR) of avocado, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, is a significant threat to sustainable production wherever the crop is grown. Resistant rootstocks in combination with phosphite applications are the most effective options for managing this disease. Recently, the mechanisms underpinning PRR resistance have been investigated by the avocado community. Here, biochemical assays and confocal and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate early defence responses in PRR resistant and ‐susceptible avocado rootstocks. Zoospore germination and subsequent hyphal growth for the pathogen were significantly inhibited on the surface of resistant avocado roots. When penetration occurred in the resistant R0.06 rootstock, callose was deposited in the epidermal cells, parenchyma and cortex of roots. In addition, β‐1,3‐glucanase was released early (6 h post‐inoculation, hpi) in response to the pathogen, followed by a significant increase in catalase by 24 hpi. In contrast, susceptible R0.12 roots responded only with the deposition of lignin and phenolic compounds incapable of impeding pathogen colonization. In this study, PRR resistance was attributed to a timely multilayered response to infection by P. cinnamomi. 相似文献
57.
L.H. Wang X.H. Gu M.Y. Hua S.L. Mao Z.H. Zhang D.L. Peng X.F. Yun B.X. Zhang 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009
The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are important nematode pests and cause serious diseases in pepper in the world. No molecular markers linked to the nematodes resistance N gene have been reported. In this paper, ‘Carolina Wonder’ (Capsicum annuum L.), a sweet pepper line resistant to root-knot nematode with N gene, ‘20080-5-29’ (C. annuum L.), an inbred line susceptible to root-knot nematode with good horticultural characteristics, and their F2 progeny with 320 individuals were used as materials. Evaluation of resistance and susceptibility of parental lines, F1 and F2 progeny inoculated with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) were carried out. ‘Bulked segregant analysis’ method was used to search for polymorphic markers from 512 pairs of AFLP primers. Based on the assessment of resistance and susceptibility and polymorphism of the AFLP marker in F2 population, the genetic linkage distance between the AFLP marker and the N gene was estimated. One AFLP marker E39/M41-339 was obtained and transferred to a SCAR marker amplifying a 315 bp DNA fragment linked to the N resistant allele and a 331 bp fragment linked to the N+ susceptible allele. The distance between the molecular marker and the nematodes resistance N gene is 6.3 cM. This research delivered a valuable tool for the marker assisted selection of nematodes resistance in pepper. 相似文献
58.
I. Halila M. J. Cobos J. Rubio T. Millán M. Kharrat M. Marrakchi J. Gil 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(1):87-92
A second gene conferring resistance to the chickpea wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris race 0, has been mapped to linkage group 2 (LG2) of the chickpea genetic map. Resistance to race 0 is controlled by two genes
which segregate independently; one present in accession JG62 (Foc0
1
/foc0
1
) and mapping to LG5 and the second present in accession CA2139 (Foc0
2
/foc0
2
) but remaining unmapped. Both genes separately confer complete resistance to race 0 of the wilt pathogen. Using a Recombinant
Inbred Line (RIL) population that segregated for both genes (CA2139 × JG62) and the genotypic information provided by two
markers flanking Foc0
1
/foc0
1
ten resistant lines containing the resistant allele Foc0
2
/foc0
2
were selected. Genotypic analysis using these ten resistant lines paired with ten susceptible RILs, selected in the same
population, revealed that sequence tagged microsatellite sites (STMS) markers sited on LG2 were strongly associated with Foc0
2
/foc0
2
. Linkage analysis, using data from two mapping populations (CA2139/JG62 and CA2156/JG62), located Foc0
2
/foc0
2
in a region where genes for resistance to wilt races 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have previously been reported and which is highly saturated
with tightly-linked STMS markers that could be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS). 相似文献
59.
爵床提取物对辣椒炭疽病菌的抑制作用及其苗期防效 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
爵床(J usticia procumbens L.)是一种传统的中药材.为探明爵床提取物对辣椒炭疽病菌的抑制作用,采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法分别测定了爵床提取物对辣椒炭疽病菌菌丝生长、孢子产生和孢子萌发的抑制作用,采用苗期盆栽试验观察爵床提取物对辣椒炭疽病的防治效果.结果表明,爵床甲醇提取物可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌菌丝生长、孢子产生和孢子萌发,其活性随着浓度的提高而增强,抑制中浓度分别为4.23、2.16和2.98 mg/mL.通过对爵床提取物处理后病菌孢子萌发形态显微观察,发现病菌孢子芽管长度受到明显抑制甚至不能萌发.当提取物浓度为16mg/mL时对苗期辣椒炭疽病的防效达73.08%. 相似文献
60.