A New Type of Solar Cell-CdS/CdTe for Applications in Refrigeration

CdS/CdTe polycrystalline thin film is a new type of high efficiency and low-cost solar cells, which is most promising for application in refrigeration, because it has many advantages such as few crystalline defects, large gap of energy, high stability, inexpensive and convenient for large area deposition. On the other hand, it is useful for environmental protection. The properties of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cell are revieweol and the development of the cell is presented. We have also described some large-area processing with low fabrication cost.     

Improvement of Method in BIN Building Energy Consumption Calculation

The proportion of radiation load through glass windows in building energy analysis is comparatively great;it is regarded as linear relation with temperature in BIN method,which is extremely a rough method.It is not only because the relation between such radiation load and temperature is far from linear relationship,but also there is lack of objective standard for the selection of corresponding representative temperature to the load.To solve this problem,calculating the maximum factor D_(J max) firstly,then get the hourly corresponding relation of load and temperature by multiplying the hourly cool load coefficient.The practical relation of load and temperature could be obtained by counting up the average load to each temperature at each direction;the load calculation method is still simple using a series of statistic data.A comparison has been made between this method and the former one.As it is the real reflection of relation between the temperature and load,the precision of load calculation is enhanced.The process using this method to calculate load for south facing window in Chengdu is given in this paper.     

Method of Measuring the Thickness of Nano-scale Thin Film

A method is proposed to measure the thickness of nano-scale thin film. Based on the differences about mechanical property between the film and the base, a required scratching will be obtained with the proper tool scratching the film directly, which is through the film touching the base and without any effects to the surface of the base. Scanning the scratching area by using atomic force microscope, some data will be obtained and the average thickness of nano-scale thin film can be calculated in the scratching area. The thickness of the TiO2 nano-scale thin film was measured by this method, the experiment result showed that the average thickness of the film is 71.6 nm, which is consistent with the reported result of the reference. This method has high measuring precision, wider application area, more intuitive images, simpler calculation and operation.     

棉花根系的生长特性及其与栽培措施和产量关系的研究 Ⅱ栽培措施对棉花根系生长的影响及其与地上部和产量的关系

本文研究了灌溉、施肥量与播种期对露地棉与地膜棉根系的生长特性及其与地上部的相互作用和产量形成的影响。结果表明,生长期灌水处理棉株根系入土浅,总长度减少,未灌水处理根量在深土层明显增加;重肥处理根系入土深,深土层根量增加。灌水及重肥处理根系新根量均增加,根系伤流量增大,生理活力增强。早播棉株主根深度增加,根重增大,尤在生育前期增长明显,同时.根系建成提前,根系分布范围广。灌水、重肥与早播处理棉株根重、地上部重及籽棉产量等均增加。棉株根量与产量间存在显著相关关系,蕾期根量对产量的效应最大。     

延长低温牛肉制品货架期方法的研究

低温牛肉西红柿肠用可食性壳聚糖和Nisin作为涂膜保鲜液处理后,结合真空包装,分别置于常温(20℃左右)和冷藏(0￣4℃)两种不同温度下贮藏,测定不同贮藏期细菌总数、大肠杆菌、TVB-N和H2S等指标及进行感官评定。结果表明,经处理贮藏的牛肉西红柿肠的货架期均优于对照组;在20℃时,各处理组的货架期分别为30,30和60d;在4℃条件下,各处理组的货架期分别为60,60和120d以上。     

不同覆膜方式对旱地冬小麦土壤水分和产量的影响

为探讨黄土高原半干旱雨养条件下覆膜种植冬麦田土壤水分动态特征和增产效果,在2008—2009和2009—2010年生长季,以露地种植为对照(CK),研究了3种覆膜方式(全膜覆土穴播、全膜穴播、垄膜沟播)对冬小麦农田土壤水分、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,孕穗前期覆膜处理0~200 cm平均土壤含水量在2个生长季分别较CK高2.3%和1.7%,而在孕穗期至成熟期分别较CK低14.7%和7.6%。地膜覆盖可显著改善0~20 cm土壤墒情,但拔节后20~90 cm土层以及全生育期90~200 cm土层含水量普遍低于CK;2个生长季收获期0~200 cm平均土壤含水量覆膜处理较CK分别低64.7 mm和47.0 mm。在2个生长季中,覆膜处理平均耗水量分别较CK多64.6 mm和77.2 mm。2个生长季夏季休闲后,覆膜处理在秋播时0~200 cm的土壤含水量分别比CK高29.8 mm和22.8 mm,显然,覆膜有利于土壤水分的快速恢复。2个生长季覆膜处理的平均产量分别较CK高49.4%和53.2%,水分利用效率分别提高11.8%和14.3%。在3种覆膜处理中,虽然全膜穴播的产量和水分利用效率最高,但从劳动力和生产资料的投入同产出效益角度考虑,则以全膜覆土穴播最优。因此认为,全膜覆土穴播是一种高产高效、操作简单、适宜于半干旱区推广应用的冬小麦种植方式。     

硅对干旱胁迫下生菜幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

以抗性不同的2个生菜品种"玻璃生菜"和"罗莎红"为试材,采用营养液栽培,用15%聚乙二醇模拟干旱,研究外源施加1.0 mmol·L^-1的Na₂SiO₃作为硅供体对干旱胁迫的缓解效应,以期探讨硅对干旱胁迫下生菜幼苗生长及光合特性的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,干旱胁迫导致生菜幼苗株高、根长、植株鲜质量、干质量等生长指标降低;叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素及总叶绿素含量降低;净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)显著下降,胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)显著上升;PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Ф_PSⅡ)、光合电子传递效率(ETR)和光化学淬灭系数(qP)显著降低,而非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)显著增加。外源添加适量浓度的Si,可不同程度提高生菜幼苗生长势及干鲜质量;也提高生菜光合色素含量及光合能力;同时对改善PSⅡ反应中心活性、提高叶绿素荧光参数也有促进作用。可见,外源添加一定浓度的Na₂SiO₃可缓解干旱胁迫对生菜幼苗的伤害,提高生菜叶片对光能的捕获与转化能力,增强光合效率,促进生菜生长。     

残膜机械化回收技术专利信息分析

地膜覆盖技术在农业生产中得到广泛应用,但随着覆膜年限和面积不断增加,残留地膜给环境带来严重污染。目前,机械回收是治理残膜污染的有效技术手段。本文从对现有残膜机械化回收专利信息进行归纳总结,从申请时间、申请地区、专利权人类型和技术特征等方面阐述残膜机械化回收技术的发展趋势。从残膜回收技术机械化的角度来分析专利失效的主要原因,可以对不同申请主体的专利失效现象进行剖析,更好地理解专利失效背后的原因。结合现有专利技术热点和发展趋势,提出促进残膜机械化回收技术的发展建议。     

棉田残膜回收机械研究现状及发展趋势

棉花地膜覆盖栽培技术提高了水分的利用率和棉花的产量,随着地膜的连年使用,棉田残膜含量不断增加,已造成严重的“白色污染”,影响棉花的种植和产量。PE地膜被替代前,机械化回收是解决残膜污染的必要手段。通过对残膜回收机械的起膜装置、拾膜装置、脱膜装置、集膜装置、清杂装置等方面介绍残膜回收机械的研究现状和特点。分析棉田残膜回收机械的应用情况,存在耕层残膜回收率低、膜杂分离效率低、作业部件适应性不强、作业质量不稳定等问题,针对残膜、秸秆、土壤的特性和生产实际,提出研发全耕层地膜回收机具、改进膜杂分离装置、创新作业部件仿形技术、提高智能监控水平的研发方向。     

不同覆膜方式对春玉米根系生长和土壤水热状况的影响

为了研究不同覆膜方式下土壤水热状况和春玉米根系生长的差异及其与产量的关系,为黔西北及类似生态区春玉米的优化覆膜栽培提供理论依据和技术参考,2018—2019年,设置宽膜和窄膜2种覆盖方式,以当地主推品种盘玉5号和隆瑞3869为材料,测定春玉米各生育时期株、行间土壤水分、温度和根系生长的变化,分析不同覆膜方式对土壤水分、...