黄麻数量性状的遗传潜势分析

本文研究了我国南方五省黄麻地方品种纤维产量、品质及生育期方面12个数量性状的遗传变异。根椐这些性状的表型、遗传型方差及协方差,估算了各数量性状的遗传潜势,剖析了黄麻地方品种自然群体各数量性状的遗传变异性、选择潜力和预期效果及其各性状间的表型、遗传型相互关系与相对重要性。表型与遗传型通径分析,揭示了构成黄麻单株干皮产量和纤维产量的主要因素是主茎分枝离地高度与鲜皮厚度。     

STANDARDIZATION OF TIME OF SAMPLING FOR LEAF NUTRIENT DIAGNOSIS ON KINNOW MANDARIN IN NORTH-WEST INDIA

The first full and comprehensive attempt was made to standardize the time of sampling for the leaf nutrient diagnosis for Kinnow mandarin in North West semi arid zone of India by analyzing ten essential elements collected from spring cycle leaves. The samples were collected from February to January at monthly intervals for two years and the results revealed that the 6–7 month (August–September) old spring cycle leaves collected from terminal position of non- fruiting terminal is the best suitable time for foliar nutrient analysis in Kinnow mandarin grown in the North West India. In addition, the leaf nutrient concentrations of nitrogen and calcium of this period were best correlated and leaf phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were least correlated with fruit yield by linear correlation analysis.     

烤烟苯丙氨酸类致香物质与土壤理化性状的典型相关分析

通过分析河南省12个烟区土壤与烟叶各335个样品的测试数据,采用典型相关分析方法研究了烤烟苯丙氨酸类致香物质含量与土壤理化性状之间的关系.结果表明:苯甲醛、苯乙醇与土壤速效钾含量、粒径0.05 ～ 0.001 mm的土壤颗粒含量呈正相关,与pH、镁、钙、铁、铝、钠含量呈负相关;苯甲醇与速效钾含量呈负相关,与钠含量呈正相关;苯乙醛与土壤理化性状的各项指标无显著相关性.     

Anatomical responses of root tips to boron deficiency II. Effect of boron deficiency on the cellular growth and development in root tips

Changes induced in the tissue structure and the cellular patterns of young tomato root tips by the absence of boron in the nutrient solution were investigated.

Boron deficiency caused primarily the inhibition of cell division and cell elongation in root apices, and the cells of boron-deficient root tips were fully vacuolated. The cell wall in the apical region was thickened by boron deficiency and the intercellular spaces insufficiently developed.

Boron deficiency also caused the radial enlargement of cortical cells, especially of endodermis, but this enlargement was not accompanied by an increase in water imbibition. In the advanced stage of boron deficiency, the disintegration of tissue structure had occurred.

Primordia of lateral roots arose closely in root apices. Maturation of the vascular system, especially of the primary xylem, was exasperated abnormally, and frequently there occurred a differentiation of cambial layers close to the apical initials.

Anatomical effects of boron deficiency appeared particularly in the root apex and not clearly in the region of successive maturation. The results are discussed with regards to the role of boron in cellular growth at apical growing points.

The results are discussed with regards to the role of boron in cellular growth at apical growing points.     

头季稻株营养物质与再生稻生育的关系

以汕优６３为材料，研究了头季稻中后期的营养状况对再生芽（苗）生长、再生稻的生育期及植株性状与经济性状的影响和头季稻后期茎书与再生芽（苗）的糖、Ｎ供求关系以及分析头季稻茎节的糖、Ｎ含量与活芽（苗）率、芽长、芽穗分化率和芽穗分化期等的相关性。指出促成头季稻茎节淀粉和全糖积累的措施均有利于强秆壮芽，争取再生稻多收。     

菠萝植株性状相关的通径分析

根据161株菲律宾品种菠萝植株的果实重量、果眼数、叶片数、叶片重和茎重等5个性状的观测数据,进行通径分析,获得关于这些性状的特征数、通径图、通径系数、决定系数;并对通径系数进行显著性检验,建立“最优”回归方程:y=242.292 2.5084x_1 8.3126x_2 0.3663x_3。它的复相关系数为R=0.9275。结果期的菠萝植株所具有的叶片重是影响果实重量的最重要性状。由于性状间均存在着显著的正相关,其他性状(x_1,x_2,x_4)对菠萝果实重量的间接影响也很大,必须同时兼顾。     

杂交水稻苗期发根性状与生育后期根系活力及穗部性状的关系

采用沙培方法,对10个杂交稻组合苗期发根性状与生育后期根系SOD活性、TTC还原力及穗部性状的关系进行了研究。结果表明:苗期发根数、发根鲜重和发根力与孕穗期根系TTC还原力呈极显著正相关,与结实率呈显著或极显著正相关;发根数还与乳熟期SOD活性极显著正相关,与齐穗期TTC还原力显著负相关;发根鲜重和发根干重分别与大部分穗部性状密切相关。回归分析表明,用“发根数×平均发根长”表示发根力能全面地评价杂交水稻苗期发根性状。     

四川省玉米杂交种综合评价及主要农艺性状的关联度分析

利用灰色关联度分析的方法,对四川省玉米区试2005年平丘1～4组参试的40个玉米新组合及相应对照分组进行综合评价。结果表明:玉米杂交种产量与其主要农艺性状的关联度大小顺序为:单穗粒重>株高>穗位高>出籽率>穗长>适应度>穗行数>百粒重>抗倒伏>CV值>生育期>行粒数,与产量密切相关的性状是单穗粒重、株高、穗位高、出籽率和穗长等。选育玉米杂交种时,在保证适当的株高和穗位高的前提下,要注重单穗粒重、出籽率、适应性、长穗和多行的选择,同时不要忽略百粒重和抗倒性的选择。     

德豆99-16的选育及高产稳产性分析

德豆99-16是德州市农业科学院于1997年以美国“黄沙大豆”为亲本材料,用He-Ne进行激光辐射处理萌动的大豆种子胚,从后代变异中选育出的大豆新品种,2006年通过了国家农作物品种审定委员会的审定。我们利用高稳系数法对德豆99-16的高产稳产性进行了分析。结果表明,用高稳系数估算德豆99-16高产稳产性结果与通用方法估测出的高产性和稳产性结果相似,体现了高产基础上的稳产,从而证明了德豆99-16是一个高产、稳产、优质、多抗、适应性强的大豆新品种,又对其高产稳产的原因进行了初步探讨,为其大面积推广奠定了理论基础。