装配式钢板-混凝土地下粮仓螺栓-焊缝节点受弯承载力分析

装配式钢板-混凝土组合地下粮仓具有节约土地、节能减碳、绿色环保、密闭低温等优点,但是连接节点的结构形式和力学性能仍是制约其发展及推广应用的关键难题之一。为解决节点焊缝过多、施焊难度大等问题,该研究提出一种新型装配式钢板-混凝土组合地下粮仓螺栓-焊缝竖向节点,采用螺栓代替部分焊缝,减少焊缝长度、方便构件施工。依据规范要求及实际工程情况,设计了2种不同螺栓数量（单侧三螺栓连接和单侧五螺栓连接）的螺栓-焊缝竖向节点试件,利用四点弯曲试验与有限元数值分析,研究其破坏形态和受弯承载力性能。结果表明：三螺栓试件与五螺栓试件承载力的试验值分别为1 998、2 053 kN,两试件承载力基本相同;相较于五螺栓试件,三螺栓试件在破坏后具有更好的延性。在参数取值范围内,混凝土强度、内防水钢板厚度、外防水钢板厚度和内衬钢板厚度对峰值荷载回归得到的标准化系数（Beta）分别为0.993、-0.003、-0.012、0.056,表明增加混凝土强度可有效提高试件承载能力。研究成果可为装配式钢板-混凝土地下粮仓节点的设计提供科学参考和设计依据。     

Detection of Clinically Relevant Pain Relief in Cats with Degenerative Joint Disease Associated Pain

Background

Detection of clinically relevant pain relief in cats with degenerative joint disease (DJD) is complicated by a lack of validated outcome measures and a placebo effect.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To evaluate a novel approach for detection of pain relief in cats with DJD.

Animals

Fifty‐eight client‐owned cats.

Methods

Prospective, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, stratified, randomized, clinical study. Enrolled cats were 6–21 years of age, with owner‐observed mobility impairment, evidence of pain in at least 2 joints during orthopedic examination, and overlapping radiographic evidence of DJD, and underwent a 2‐week baseline period, 3‐week treatment period with placebo or meloxicam, and 3‐week masked washout period. Outcome measures were evaluated at days 0, 15, 36, and 57.

Results

Both groups significantly improved after the treatment period (day 36) on client‐specific outcome measures (CSOM) and feline musculoskeletal pain index (FMPI) (P < .0001 for both); there was no difference between the groups on CSOM or FMPI score improvement. After the masked washout period, more cats that received meloxicam during the treatment period had a clinically relevant decrease in CSOM score (P = .048) and FMPI score (P = .021) than cats that received placebo.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Using both a client‐specific and a general clinical metrology instrument, owners of cats with DJD were able to detect evident recurrence of clinical signs after withdrawal of active medication than after withdrawal of placebo, and that this study design might be a novel and useful way to circumvent the placebo effect and detect the efficacy of pain‐relieving medications.     

Appresoorium formation of Puccinia hordei on partially resistant barley and two non-host species

One of the components of partial resistance of barley to leaf rust,Puccinia hordei, is a reduced infectibility. It was investigated whether this low infectibility may rest on a hampered appressorium formation of the leaf rust fungus. The appressorium formation on the primary leaves of 11 barley genotypes with an intermediate-to-low infectibility was compared with that on the highly infectible L94. The number of stomata per cm² leaf area occupied by appressoria ofP. hordei was determined per genotype by means of fluorescence microscopy. No cosistent differences could be detected, indicating that the mechanisms causing a low infectibility of partially resistant barley seedlings act at a phase later than the formation of the appressoria. On the non-host wheat not fewer appressoria were formed than on L94, but no appressoria were found on a lettuce genotype. The latter probably lacks the stimuli that enable the fungus to find stomata.Samenvatting Eén van de componenten van partiële resistentie van gerst tegen dwergroest,Puccinia hordei, is een verminderde infectiedichtheid. Het mechanisme, dat hieraan ten grondslag ligt, is onbekend. Een experiment werd uitgevoerd om na te gaan of bij partieel resistente rassen een verminderde appressoriumvorming optreedt. Na inoculatie in een inoculatietoren en een zorgvuldig uitgevoerde incubatie werd het aantal huidmondjes per cm² bladoppervlak bepaald dat bezet was door appressoria vanP. hordei. De elf weinig vatbare gerstlijnen uit deze studie bleken niet reproduceerbaar te verschillen van de zeer vatbare gerstlijn L94 in de mate van appressoriumbezetting. Dit wijst erop dat infectiedichtheidsverschillen t.g.v. partiële resistentie veroorzaakt worden door mechanismen die werken na de appressoriumvorming. In een tweede experiment werd aangetoond dat zelfs op de niet-waardsoort tarwe, waaropP. hordei geen symptomen veroorzaakt, niet minder appressoria worden gevormd dan op L94. Op een sla-genotype trad echter geen appressoriumvorming op. Op deze laatste niet-waardsoort ontbreken waarschijnlijk de stimuli die de schimmel in staat stellen huidmondjes te vinden.     

DPM模型计算中国北方沙漠地区粉尘释放通量

本文利用DPM(Dust Production Model)模型模拟计算了我国北方沙漠地区不同的土壤微团粒在不同的地表粗糙度和地表摩擦风速下的水平跃移通量、粉尘释放通量、粉尘释放效率以及在特定量中粉尘粒子的质量和数浓度的分布,并对上述计算结果进行了讨论和分析。通过与实际观测结果进行对比的粗糙度和地表摩擦风速下粉尘释放通量后发现二者基本一致,从而证明了DPM模型是可以用来初步模拟中国北方沙漠地区的粉尘释放过程,这将有利于进一步较准确得模拟沙尘的输送、沉降以及气候效应。     

9 R-60型揉碎机试验台设计及单因素试验研究

9R-60型揉碎机目前应用非常普遍,但因其功耗大、效率低等实际问题急需对其结构参数进行优化设计。为此,在现有机型的基础上,设计并搭建了一个长、宽、高分别为718、712、687 mm的9R-60型揉碎机试验台。经过强度校核,设计了连接主轴等关键零件,在传动主轴和皮带轮之间通过联轴器、连接主轴和支架等接入JN 3 3 8-AN系列直连式扭矩转速传感器,为后续开展功率、揉碎质量等目标参数优化设计的单因素(如转子转速、秸秆喂入速度和喂入量等因素)正交试验和振动测试试验提供了平台。对揉碎机进行单因素试验表明:揉碎机揉碎质量随主轴转速的增大呈现增大的趋势,随喂入速度的增大呈现减小的趋势,随喂入量(不超过机器本身最大喂入量)的增大秸秆丝化率变化趋势几乎都在95%左右;揉碎机功耗随主轴转速、喂入量、喂入速度的增加呈现增大的趋势。     

球形接头调角度应用于坡地喷灌

坡地喷灌中,由于喷洒图形的改变影响了喷洒均匀性,改变立管倾角和改变喷头仰角成为必要,利用球形接头可方便地实现角度调节.通过对10PXH喷头转动均匀性分析,坡地上射程分析以及坡地上径向水量分布试验,给出球形接头的调节范围,以及在不同地形坡度情况下,球形接头合适的调节角度,用于改善坡地喷灌的质量.     

渠床土壤二维稳定入渗率实验及渗漏损失计算

本文针对干旱地区、连续供水的大中型灌区渠道效率评估需要,用保角映射原理简化稳定入渗率的实验计算式;在克服渠床土壤空间变异性影响、改进国外的分离式静水套坑法为合一式静水套统、测定二维稳定入渗率实验法,求得一维流稳定入渗率的二维改正系数r;结合理论计算,可简便求得渠道渗漏损失用于输水效率评估。     

高剪切匀浆泵两相流动的数值模拟

为了研究高剪切匀浆泵对物料的剪切混合效果,掌握剪切泵内流场的宏观规律和速度特性,应用三维造型软件Pro/E建立高剪切匀浆泵的水力模型,采用计算流体动力学的数值计算方法,基于Mixture混合模型,扩展的标准k-ε湍流方程及SIMPLEC算法对高剪切匀浆泵进行固液两相流的数值模拟.为了减小网格数量对计算结果的影响,对高剪切匀浆泵进行了网格的无关性检验.对不同流量和转速工况下的高剪切匀浆泵进行了数值模拟及横向比较,分析了流量和转速对剪切泵内流场的影响规律.分析结果表明：物料在经过剪切外腔后混合均匀程度显著提高,说明该剪切泵能对物料起到较好的混合均匀作用;随着流量的增大,固液两相混合均匀化速率变慢;随着转速的增大,两相混合均匀程度及速率变快,但改变转速只对转轮部分有影响,对进口区域的固相体积分数影响不大.     

曝气复合式生态浮床强化修复污水厂尾水的试验研究

采用曝气复合式生态浮床强度修复污水厂尾水,在水力停留时间为1.5d和水温为17.8～21.5℃的条件下,研究了曝气复合式生态浮床对COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷的去除效果。研究结果表明,曝气复合式生态浮床对COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷的平均去除率分别为33.9%～53.1%(平均值44.0%)、37.97%～64.45%(平均值50.8%)、33.46%～57.25%(平均值44.9%)和去除率5.43%～72.62%(平均值50.97%),其出水COD浓度远低于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)的一级A标准。对比无/有曝气复合式生态浮床发现,曝气强化作用对复合式生态浮床修复效果的改善具有较重要的效果。曝气复合式生态浮床强化系统是一种运行管理方便、成本低廉、无需占有耕地。