细胞质因子对香菇交配型因子分离比例的影响

主要通过双-单杂交技术,探讨造成香菇原生质体单核化后2种交配型单核体分离比例偏离1∶ 1与细胞质间的遗传关系.结果表明, 双-单杂交所形成的由受体细胞质和受体、供体细胞核组成的同质异核体经原生质体单核化裂解后,毫无例外地都是与受体交配型相同的核居多,说明受体细胞质环境对双-单杂交所得异核体裂解后的核的存活和数量起着重要的作用;双-单杂交中,作为供体的2个核中只有亲和力强的那个核优先迁移到受体中,形成新的异核体,即存在先导核,先导核与B因子的亲和特异性有关,特异性越高,先导核迁移速度越快.     

华农本地早×宜昌橙杂交后代几个性状的遗传分离研究

对华农本地早×宜昌橙的Ｆ１、Ｆ２代杂种，在５个性状上的分离、重组进行了观察分析。结果表明，多胚性受显性基因控制，华农本地早与宜昌橙分别处于显性杂合和隐性纯合状态；种子子叶颜色受一个主基因控制，白色子叶时绿色子叶为显性；嫩梢颜色的遗传基础较为复杂，绿色嫩梢对紫色嫩梢有显性作用；翼叶大小与树体抗寒能力为受多基因控制的数量性状。     

抗白叶枯病籼稻DV_(85)在籼粳交中的遗传表现

抗白叶枯病籼稻品种DV_(85)与粳型广亲和系的亲和性较差。抗性基因在F_2代的分离,经卡平方测验,其抗感分离比显著偏离正常值,为异常分离。相关性分析显示这种异常分离与结实率、穗长、每穗粒数和千粒重无关。本文就籼粳杂交的配组形式和不同生育阶段对抗性基因分离的影响也进行了分析讨论。     

Linkage mapping and genome analysis in a Saccharum interspecific cross using AFLP, SRAP and TRAP markers

Framework genetic linkage maps of two progenitor species of cultivated sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum ‘La Striped’ (2n = 80) and S. spontaneum ‘SES 147B’ (2n = 64) were constructed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), and target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) markers. The mapping population was comprised of 100 F₁ progeny derived from the interspecific cross. A total of 344 polymorphic markers were generated from the female (S. officinarum) parent, out of which 247 (72%) were single-dose (segregating in a 1:1 ratio) and 33 (9%) were double-dose (segregating in a 3.3:1 ratio) markers. Sixty-four (19%) markers deviated from Mendelian segregation ratios. In the S. spontaneum genome, out of a total of 306 markers, 221 (72%) were single-dose, 43 (14%) were double-dose, and 42 markers (14%) deviated from Mendelian segregation ratios. Linkage maps with Kosambi map distances were constructed using a LOD score ≥5.0 and a recombination threshold of 0.45. In Saccharum officinarum, 146 markers were linked to form 49 linkage groups (LG) spanning 1732 cM whereas, in S. spontaneum, 121 markers were linked to form 45 LG spanning 1491 cM. The estimated genome size of S. officinarum ‘La Striped’ was 2448 cM whereas that of S. spontaneum ‘SES 147B’ was 3232 cM. Based on the two maps, genome coverage was 69% in S. officinarum and 46% in S. spontaneum. The S. officinarum parent ‘La Striped’ behaved like an auto-allopolyploid whereas S. spontaneum ‘SES 147B’ behaved like a true autopolyploid. Although a large disparity exists between the two genomes, the existence of simple duplex markers, which are heterozygous in both parents and segregate 3:1 in the progeny, indicates that pairing and recombination can occur between the two genomes. The study also revealed that, compared with AFLP, the SRAP and TRAP markers appear less effective at generating a large number of genome-wide markers for linkage mapping in sugarcane. However, SRAP and TRAP markers can be useful for QTL mapping because of their ability to target gene-rich regions of the genome, which is a focus of our future research.     

Finsler 流形的 Cartan 型1形式的一些性质

给出了 Cartan 型1形式的外微分与 Bott 陈联络的曲率之间的关系,探讨了其与畸变、 S 曲率之间的关系,证明了 Berwald 流形的 Cartan 型1形式为恰当形式。利用 Cartan 型1形式构造了 Finsler 流形的射影球丛上的一个 Randers 度量,证明该度量为 Landsberg 度量的充要条件是底流形为 Riemann 流形。证明了 Cartan 型1形式及Cartan 1形式的对偶向量场为共型向量场的充要条件是底流形为 Riemman 流形。     

RAPD标记在罗氏沼虾杂交F1中分离的研究

利用RAPD标记技术对罗氏沼虾缅甸引进群体和浙江本地群体及其一对一杂交产生的F1的分离方式进行了研究,并分析了双亲及F1的遗传结构。结果显示,50个RAPD随机引物中有9个可扩增出多态性位点,共产生47个位点,其中22个有多态性,占总位点的46.8%;9个位点可用于遗传连锁作图;13个为偏分离位点,1个为异常分离位点。克隆分析该异常分离位点发现,其大小为707 bp,与已知序列同源性极低。父母本之间的遗传距离为0.185 7,双亲与F1间的距离分别为0.158 2和0.107 3。以上结果表明,F1群体可以作为作图群体应用于罗氏沼虾遗传图谱的构建。     

番茄酱中好氧细菌分离方法的研究

新疆番茄制品出口量占全国的90;,近年来外商对其安全卫生提出了许多技术要求,国内番茄制品生产企业也陷入番茄制品胖听、平听的技术障碍,至今国内尚无相应的微生物检测技术和标准.采用锰营养、甘露醇卵黄多粘菌素、嗜热耐酸杆菌、脂耐热嗜酸杆菌、溴甲酚紫葡萄糖肉汤、平酸菌增菌和液体硫乙醇酸盐7种液体培养基对供试番茄酱在37和55℃下培养.通过不同培养时间培养液的O.D值、pH值、菌体形态和菌落特征的研究,确定出锰营养和平酸菌增菌培养基为该类菌的最适液体培养基,嗜热耐酸杆菌和平酸菌增菌琼脂培养基为最佳固体培养基.分离出的菌株经VITEK-32生化鉴定,主要细菌分别为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)和矮小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus),均为产酸不产气可导致平酸腐败的好氧芽孢菌.     

杏杂合位点共显性标记的分离方式及连锁图谱构建

以‘串枝红’ב金太阳’杏的F1代为材料,在分析共显性标记分离方式的基础上利用简单重复序列（SSR）和相关序列扩增多态性（SRAP）标记,构建了两张杏分子连锁图谱。‘串枝红’图谱共14个连锁群,包含37个SSR标记和32个SRAP标记,连锁群总长度为1086.6cM,每连锁群平均长度77.6cM,标记间平均连锁距离为1...     

两个田间稻瘟病菌株杂交后代的致病性分离及其遗传学分析

报道了两个田间水稻稻瘟病菌菌株杂交后代在１３个已知抗性基因品种上的致病性分离及遗传学分析结果。１００个子囊孢子菌株中呈现显著的致病性分离,共出现５４种致病类型,在不同的品种上分别出现１：１,１：３,３：１,７：９和９：７的无毒性／毒性分离,表明性试菌朱对不同品种的无菌性／毒性是受不同基因控制的。遗传学分析结果表明,亲本菌株对品种新２种和露明的无毒性／毒性是受单基因控制的,对品种藤坂５号、Ｋ６０和Ｋ５９的无毒性／毒性是由２个基因控制的,对品种爱知旭和草笛的无毒性／毒性是由４个基因控制的。