200CS伴能在直播水稻上施用效果试验研究

Perennial live paddy planting rice on the basis of conventional fertilization, by basal + can, tillering, closed herbicide + company + can, can (20% less nitrogen) basal + partner, 100% of nitrogen in the whole stages base + can with different processing, performance from the growth of rice, rice tillering, leaf chlorophyll value, yield and increasing costs, unit yield inceement, VCR, etc, with increasing can improve rice leaf chlorophyll content, promote rice tillers, makes the rice growth, significantly increase rice yield and output value, according to labor saving, has demonstrated and value.     

Spatial variability in the growth of direct-seeded rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in northeast Thailand

Large within-field variation in rice growth often causes production loss in broadcast-seeded (BC) rainfed lowland rice. The spatial variability of direct-seeded rainfed lowland rice was evaluated in 2004, 2005, and 2007 in on-station experiments at Ubon Ratchathani, northeast Thailand, in relation to soil water content and weed infestation, by adopting semivariogram and block kriging, including comparisons among BC with harrowing (BCH; no weeding), BC with no harrowing (BCNH; no weeding), and row-seeded (RS; interrow weeding once) fields. BCH and BCNH were also compared in 11 farmers’ fields in 2006 and 2007, to assess the effect of harrowing on rice growth and weed infestation. During most of the rice growing periods, flooded and non-flooded portions existed simultaneously in the fields, with different proportions among years and among seeding methods in the on-station experiment. BCH and BCNH rice had large within-field variation in seedling density, heading date, shoot dry matter, grain yield, harvest index, panicle density, and filled spikelet per panicle, as well as in weed infestation, measured by a quick visual estimation. Many of the measured variables (except mean soil water content in RS in 2007, seedling density in BCH in 2005 and 2007, shoot dry matter in BCH and BCNH in 2007, and panicle density in BCH in 2007) were spatially dependent (i.e., data from nearby locations were most similar) by geostatistical analysis. Analysis of correlations using the 420 data sets of BCH plots in 2005 and BCH, BCNH, and RS plots in 2007 revealed a positive correlation between soil water content and grain yield and negative correlations between weed infestation and soil water content and grain yield. Compared with BCH, in 2007 BCNH had much lower grain yield because of lower soil water content after establishment and more weed infestation. BCH had higher grain yield than BCNH in weedy fields in the farmers’ fields experiment. RS with interrow weeding resulted in a smaller coefficient of variation, smaller sill value, and higher grain yield than BCH, due to less weed infestation and a higher proportion of flooded water. These results indicated that reducing the spatial variability in rice growth requires careful field preparation, such as harrowing to level the soil surface and to reduce the uneven distribution of standing water and the variability in soil water content, combined with effective crop and weed management (i.e., harrowing and row-seeding). This is the first study that examined spatial variability in the growth of direct-seeded rice as a function of soil water content and weed infestation in a rainfed lowland environment.     

两优培九稻米垩白在江苏省不同纬度点的播期效应

通过在江苏4个稻作区（纬度范围为31.3°~34.7°N）设置5个播期处理,以两系杂交中籼稻两优培九为材料,研究其垩白变化特征。受播期和纬度的双重影响,两优培九稻米垩白率、垩白度的最大极差分别为54.0和13.0个百分点。垩白具明显的纬向性递变特征,种植的适宜区域在扬州至东海间,并以偏北地区（建湖、东海）较优,而在江苏的南北两端（昆山、沛县）要显著差于中间地带。在各稻作区稻米的垩白率（度）随播期推迟而降低,并且在江苏北部地区更易受播期调节。结实期的日平均温度与稻米垩白率、垩白度呈显著的线性正相关。因此,在高产条件下适当迟播栽培,是降低两优培九稻米垩白的优质生产途径。     

茶树种质资源薮北种利用与玉绿、玉笋品种创新

以薮北种优良有性后代作杂交母本,采用优良品种福鼎大白茶、龙井43、湘波绿和槠叶齐的混合花粉进行人工授粉杂交,通过“选择——人工杂交——选择”方法,选育出早生优质、高产的绿茶新品种玉绿、玉笋。经分子标记鉴定、叶片解剖结构分析、生化分析推测湘波绿是玉绿的父本．也可能是玉笋的父本。     

《中南林业调查规划》性质及学科分类

根据期刊性质和学科分类方法,以文献数量对《中南林业调查规划》进行分类,以明确其性质和学科归属。研究表明,《中南林业调查规划》2010年刊登的论文以学术性为主,林业类文献占当年文献总量的的56.52%,其余学科文献量较少,不能划入相应学科,因此应将该刊归类为林业类专业学术期刊。     

A method for inducing muscle relaxation in the abalone, Haliotis iris

Four chemical and two non-chemical methods for induction of relaxation in the abalone, Haliotis iris, were tested for prospective use in pearl seeding. Requirements were for rapid onset of relaxation, full extension and softening of the foot and epipodium muscle for at least 10 min, and recovery with minimal stress and no mortality. Nembutal at 1 ml/l was most successful, producing relaxed and soft muscle with good accessibility to operation sites, and no mortality. Benzocaine and MS-222 made animals release from container walls within 30–60 min, but the animal's muscle was hard and contracted. Propylene phenoxytol caused muscle contraction and mortality at 2.5 ml/l. The effects of the chemical relaxants were similar in warm (21–22.5°C) and cool (15–16°C) water. Elevation of the water temperature from 18°C to 23°C (without chemicals) caused some softening of the muscle, but was much less effective than Nembutal. Air exposure for up to 4 h was ineffective. This work provides a simple method to relax live abalone for pearl nucleation or other manipulations.     

基于勒洛多边形原理的播种机机械式离合装置研究

针对播种机传统机械式离合装置动力切换行程长、接合瞬间冲击载荷大等问题,基于勒洛多边形原理设计了一种机械式离合装置。通过理论分析对该离合装置关键结构进行设计,利用虚拟仿真技术对离合装置动力接合瞬间的冲击载荷与动力切换响应速度进行模拟分析,应用三因素三水平正交试验方法,以播种单体为试验实施载体,以轴向倾角、齿轮半径比和作业速度为试验因素,以动力接合与切断滞后距离为试验评价指标,对影响离合装置作业性能的相关参数进行试验与优化。结果表明,在参数组合为轴向倾角20°、齿轮半径比0.3和作业速度1.5 m/s时,动力接合与切断滞后距离分别为1.2、0.6 cm。对比验证试验表明,相较于牙嵌式离合装置,优化后的勒洛五边形离合装置在保证播种质量的同时,动力接合与切断滞后距离分别降低82.4%、45.5%。     

建筑施工企业培训工作的量化管理研究

主要针对建筑施工企业培训工作中普遍存在管理不规范、缺乏量化管理指标等一系列问题,制定了“培训方案”、“培训计划变更表”、“培训登记表”等规范化表格,以及需求人数、培训覆盖率、培训贡献率、培训百分比等量化指标,提出了建立一套适合建筑施工企业培训工作开展的规范化、量化管理体系的方法。     

移动式秸秆制粒机作业速度调控系统研究

为了提高移动式秸秆制粒机工作效率,解决玉米秸秆收获过程中作业速度与喂入量不匹配的问题,设计了一种移动式秸秆制粒机作业速度自动调控系统,以实现对秸秆制粒机作业速度的自动调控。该系统由喂入量-期望作业速度自适应变论域模糊控制器与液压马达转速调控系统构成,采用液压系统控制秸秆制粒机作业速度的方式进行调控。通过螺旋输送器功率得到实际喂入量,并根据灰色理论建立喂入量预测模型,以预测值作为变论域模糊控制器的输入;变论域控制器的输出作为液压马达转速调控系统的输入,作业速度PID控制器驱使液压控制系统调节制粒机行走机构改变作业速度,从而使作业速度和喂入量匹配,达到最佳喂入量,起到超前调节的目的。设计了3次试验,分别为模型参数的获取试验、均匀秸秆条件下的稳定性试验、非均匀秸秆条件下跟踪性能试验。试验结果表明,在均匀秸秆条件下,作业速度能够在3m内达到最佳作业状态,超调量小于5%,之后能够保持良好的平稳运行状态,使制粒机以最佳喂入量工作;同样,在非均匀秸秆条件下,作业速度能够以不大于5%的超调量跟踪喂入量的变化。试验证明,本系统能够实时检测作业速度和喂入量,达到作业速度和喂入量相匹配的目的,有效提高了移动式秸秆制粒机的工作效率。