基于GIS的蒲江县生态环境综合评价研究

针对龙门山区域生态环境受到了"5·12"汶川大地震重创的现实问题,选取蒲江县为例,构建目标层、制约层、要素层的三级评价体系,建立了生态环境综合评价模型,并运用层次分析法及GIS技术开展生态环境综合评价。结果表明:蒲江县生态环境良好率(第Ⅲ分类区以上)达到了87.6%,总体生态环境状况良好,同时提出了生态保护对策。     

基于YOLOv5s-ESTC的肉苁蓉检测

为了解决因梭梭和红柳等宿主遮挡、样本分布密集、样本大小不均衡等造成人工种植肉苁蓉检测精度低以及模型参数量过大难以向嵌入式设备移植等问题,该研究提出一种基于改进YOLOv5s的人工种植肉苁蓉轻量化检测方法。首先,将YOLOv5s的主干网络替换为EfficientNetv2网络,以减少模型参数量和计算复杂度进而实现模型轻量化,便于后期将模型向嵌入式设备部署;其次,为了增强模型对小目标肉苁蓉特征信息的提取能力,将C3模块与Swin Transformer Block进行整合,得到C3STR模块,将其引入主干网络,并将其输出的特征图与Neck网络中的特征图进行融合;最后,在检测头前端与颈项加强网络之间添加CA注意力机制,以弱化背景信息、聚焦目标特征,提高网络检测性能。试验结果表明,该模型对于肉苁蓉的检测精度和准确率分别为89.8%和92.3%,模型的参数量和计算量分别为5.69×10⁶ MB和6.8 GB,权重文件大小为11.9 MB,单幅图像推理时间为8.9 ms,能够实现实时性检测。同其他主流模型相比,改进后的模型的检测精度分别比SSD、Faster R-CNN、YO...     

DMPP mitigates N2O and NO productions by inhibiting ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in an intensified vegetable field under different temperature and moisture regimes

Vegetable soils with high nitrogen input are major sources of nitrous oxide (N₂O) and nitric oxide (NO), and incorporation of the nitrification inhibitor 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) into soils has been documented to effectively reduce emissions. However, the efficiency of DMPP in terms of soil N₂O and NO mitigations varies greatly depending on soil temperature and moisture levels. Thus, further evaluations of DMPP efficiency in diverse environments are required to encourage widespread application. A laboratory incubation study (28 d) was established to investigate the interactive effects of DMPP, temperature (15, 25, and 35 ℃), and soil moisture (55% and 80% of water-holding capacity (WHC)) on net nitrification rate, N₂O and NO productions, and gene abundances of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in an intensive vegetable soil. Results showed that incubating soil with 1% DMPP led to partial inhibition of the net nitrification rate and N₂O and NO productions, and the reduction percentage of N₂O production was higher than that of NO production (69.3% vs. 38.2%) regardless of temperature and soil moisture conditions. The increased temperatures promoted the net nitrification rate but decreased soil N₂O and NO productions. Soil moisture influenced NO production more than N₂O production, decreasing with the increased moisture level (80%). The inhibitory effect of DMPP on cumulative N₂O and NO productions decreased with increased temperatures at 55% WHC. Conversely, the inhibitory effect of DMPP on cumulative N₂O production increased with increased temperatures at 80% WHC. Based on the correlation analyses and automatic linear modeling, the mitigation of both N₂O and NO productions from the soil induced by DMPP was attributed to the decreases in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) amoA gene abundance and NO^-₂-N concentration. Overall, our study indicated that DMPP reduced both N₂O and NO productions by regulating the associated AOB amoA gene abundance and NO^-₂-N concentration. These findings improve our insights regarding the implications of DMPP for N₂O and NO mitigations in vegetable soils under various climate scenarios.     

Ecological environment analysis ofAbies holophylla plantations under different cutting systems

Different types of plantations were observed in Baishilazi National Nature Reserve, Liaoning Province, for 34 a. The environmental quality ofAbies holophylla plantations was analyzed under different cutting systems. Analysis factors included soil erosion rate, humification degree of litters, and water hold capacity. The surface soil loss of clear cutting area was 19000t·km⁻²·a⁻¹ more than that of selective cutting area. The content of soil organic matter in board-leaved—Abies holophylla forest was 4.62% more than that in pure stand, and the water hold capacity of the mixed forest was 1.43 time of that of pure stand. The mixed forest of board-leaved—Abies holophylla by selective cutting can upgrade the ecological environment quality. This paper is a part of a key project from Liaoning Science Committee. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

基于物元可拓法的湿地水环境质量评价

将能够解决水环境中各项评价指标的不相容性、具有较高分辨率的物元可拓法引入到湿地水环境评价中,并基于盘锦双台河口湿地的生态环境和功能,以野外大尺度调查为研究基础,将湿地划分为核心区、缓冲区和实验区。2010年汛期、非汛期、冰封期各区水质综合评价的结果表明,核心区的水质属于Ⅲ级或Ⅳ级,好于缓冲区（Ⅳ级）和实验区（Ⅴ级）。综...     

浅议林业种植对生态环境的作用

林业种植的可持续发展是福建林业目前面临的主要问题,本文对林业种植在生态环境 中的作用进行了具体分析,并提出了有效的建议,希望对促进福建林业种植的可持续发展做出 积极贡献。     

生态学理论在城市园林绿化中的应用研究

本文从人与自然和谐共处、可持续发展的角度出发,以生态学理论框架为依托,系统地总结了在城市园林建设中生态学理念的渗透及运用,为城市生态园林设计提供了理论指导和设计参考,同时得出我国生态园林的下一步工作重点要放在恢复生态学的应用上,并且要实现现代城市生态园林的建设要多学科、多角度共同协作的结论。     

不同灌溉和施肥方式对杂交稻生长和根际环境的影响

对杂交稻中优218不同灌溉方式和氮肥管理下水稻生长和根际环境的变化进行研究,结果表明,水稻好气灌溉条件下各施肥处理产量均高于传统灌溉处理,产量比淹水灌溉增产10.5%~11.3%,主要表现在每穗粒数增加而提高产量。好气灌溉与淹水灌溉比较各生育期地上部干物重和叶面积指数均增加,土壤氧化还原电位提高,放线菌数量显著增加。增加有机肥降低土壤氧化还原电位和提高放线菌数量,在好气灌溉条件下施相同氮素有机肥放线菌数多于化肥。     

水文化与环境照明

水文化背景下的环境照明不仅要解决水与光的交融问题,也要着重解决水环境中的电气安全 隐患。     

基于区域适应性的特色林果业发展探讨

[目的]通过特色林果业区域适应性分析,将特色林果配置在最适宜的自然生态区域进行生产经营,从而以特色优异品质获取较高的市场占有率,发挥特色产业的比较与竞争优势.[方法]以新疆特色林果业为研究对象,选取具有代表性的林果产品,从生物品种适应性、规模适应性、环境适应性三个方面分析特色林果业区域适应性问题.[结果]新疆具有发展特色林果业的资源优势和规模优势,适宜的生物条件保证了林果品质的优异性和稳定性.[结论]发展特色林果业,依据其生物品种适应性所形成的潜力规模和追求经济效益的合理规模的约束,因地制宜,适度发展,满足特色林果业的区域适应性,提升产业竞争力.