基于供应链的农机制造企业生产计划调度研究

生产计划调度是企业生产管理研究的重要领域。目前的研究多是集中于单个企业内部进行优化,而忽视了企业所在供应链的整体利益。本文从宏观角度研究农机制造企业的生产调度问题,并在此基础上将企业仿生学的研究推广到企业供应链中,从生物学的角度对企业生产计划调度进行研究,为今后的研究提出了新的方向。     

Linux进程调度策略的分析

描述了Linux的进程调度的过程,Linux采用时间片轮转和可剥夺调度优先级相结合的调度策略,它把进程分成两类:实时进程和非实时进程。实时进程总是在非实时进程之前运行。     

Comparing multipurpose forest management with timber management,incorporating timber,carbon and oxygen values: A case study

Abstract

This paper comparatively examines two forest management planning approaches: multipurpose forest management and traditional timber management, with carbon, timber and oxygen production objectives in mind. The effects of both approaches on carbon and oxygen values were estimated with an oxygen and carbon flow matrix, while timber production was modelled through a growth and yield model. The estimated values were simultaneously integrated into a linear programming model developed for this study. The objective was to maximize the net present value (NPV) of the profits of timber, oxygen and carbon under the constraints of an even flow of timber production and ending forest inventory for each planning approach. The results showed that the ecological and environmental regulations in multipurpose management substantially decreased the NPV of timber production even though they increased the NPV of carbon and oxygen flow. The results also indicated that over a 100 year planning horizon the total NPV of all forest ecosystem values including carbon, timber and oxygen is almost the same (only 1.9% reduction in multipurpose management approach) in both management approaches. Although multipurpose management creates more NPV of carbon and oxygen than timber management does, the latter provides better results in terms of timber production. It is therefore important to take into account the NPV of all apparent and quantifiable forest values in preparing forest management plans, particularly in developing new management planning approaches.     

视频监控系统在消防指挥调度中的作用

视频监控系统以其覆盖广、传输快、清晰度高等特点,广泛应用于城市预警、交通、城市管理、安防监控等诸多领域。本文主要介绍了视频监控系统在消防调度指挥中起到的辅助决策作用,可以更方便地为调度指挥提供丰富的即时信息,大大提高了出警速度,给领导辅助决策提供了帮助。     

Computational Comparison of Stand-Centered Versus Cover-Constraint Formulations

The area restriction model for harvest scheduling problems can be formulated using mixed integer programs. The three different formulation types are cluster packing, cell aggregation, and the assignment formulation. Within the cell aggregation subgroup there is an exact formulation, the cover constraint (CC) approach; and an inexact formulation, the stand-centered approach. The cover constraint formulation has significantly more constraints than the stand-centered formulation. A computational comparison between these two methods is completed using cutting planes and constraint combinations using the CPLEX solver package. The CC approach as cutting planes was superior based on solution time. If formulation time were included with solution time, then the CC approach remains superior. The maximum harvest area is a significant factor of solution time. In addition, the percentage of total cutting planes used to solve the problem was examined.     

云计算数据中心节能调度算法改进研究

针对传统方法对云计算数据中心调度时能耗过高,虚拟机迁移次数过多等问题,本文提出一种新的云计算数据中心节能调度算法.采用面向实时任务的云计算数据中心节能调度算法,保证云数据中心任务完成率;为了进一步降低云数据中心的能耗,构建云计算数据中心功耗模型,分析云数据中心SLA协议违约率和虚拟机迁移功耗对数据中心的能耗影响,采用基于能耗感知的虚拟机节能调度算法合理安置和迁移虚拟机,使虚拟机安装在物理机后无任何负载较低节点,实现云计算数据中心的节能调度.模拟实验结果表明,本文算法与对比算法相比,大幅度降低了云计算数据中心的能耗,且虚拟机迁移次数少,可有效降低虚拟机多次迁移带来的额外支出,是一种有效的云数据中心节能调度算法.     

基于反馈式流向图的多级分支管网顺序输送排产方法

中国石化担负着多级分支管网顺序输送多种原油至沿途各家炼厂的复杂生产任务。采用数据平面图形压缩方法掌控多级分支管网的全月度输油计划,以时间为坐标横轴,以站场为坐标纵轴,以颜色代表油种,以粗实直线代表油品批次,以细实折线标识油品罐存,以红色细虚线标识各种油品的罐容上下限,以其他彩色细虚线标识油品批次的站间流向,最终形成一种反馈式流向图管网排产方法。该方法可实现月度内各级站场油品批次与罐存数据的全局关联和图示,直观地反馈油品批次安排的不合理性,启发调度人员在经济流量区间内折中优化关于批次平稳与节能降耗的矛盾性目标,最终实现全网、全月度运行计划的高效编制。(图4,表3,参22)     

考虑径流非一致性的水库分期旱限水位优化研究

【目的】分析变化环境下水文序列的非一致性,为龙羊峡水库分期旱限水位优化调度模型的建立提供参考。【方法】采用Mann-Kendall检验法、有序聚类分析法和水文序列振动中心重构法,对龙羊峡水库年径流序列进行一致性分析及修正,然后利用水库旱限水位分级和Fisher最优分割法,对径流序列修正前后不同干旱等级下的水库分期旱限水位进行确定,最后通过耦合分期旱限水位建立以缺水指数最小为目标函数的龙羊峡水库优化调度模型,对径流序列修正前后两种情况下的分期旱限水位进行对比研究。【结果】一致性检验发现,龙羊峡水库径流序列具有明显下降的趋势,并在1989年发生突变。经一致性修正后计算龙羊峡水库7-10月、11-12月、1-4月、5-6月4个分期的旱限水位,在轻旱条件下分别为2 530.00,2 534.91,2 539.10和2 535.13 m,中旱条件下分别为2 530.00,2 535.44,2 539.80和2 536.70 m,重旱条件下分别为2 530.00,2 535.87,2 540.35和2 537.89 m;特旱条件下分别为2 530.00,2 536.06,2 540.58和2 538.12 m。采用不同调度模型对龙羊峡水库进行优化调度,结果显示修正后的调度效果较好,其总缺水量、缺水指数相比修正前分别降低5.37%和6.03%,其中枯水时段平均缺水量降低了10.71%,缺水程度改善明显。【结论】非一致性径流对龙羊峡水库旱限水位的确定有一定影响,一致性修正后的径流使水库旱限水位的确定更加可靠,水库的抗旱能力得以提升,可为水库供水、抗旱应急管理决策提供参考。