Genetic characteristics of Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolated from cage cultured cobia,Rachycentron canadum (L.)

Disease outbreaks occurred during 2007–2013 in Taiwan with 2.5–10% mortality among the cage cultured cobia, Rachycentron canadum (L.), characterized by the presence of polyserositis, pericarditis and peritonitis. The micro‐organisms isolated from internal organs were Gram‐positive cocci. The isolates were confirmed as Streptococcus dysgalactiae by a polymerase chain reaction assay that yielded the expected specific 259 bp amplicon. Additionally, partial sequence of the 16S–23S rDNA intergenic spacer region of the GCS strain isolates from fish was also compared and produced 100% sequence identity with S. dysgalactiae (GenBank accession number AB252398 ). The genetic characterization was then determined by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Based on PFGE, the Apa I or Sma I digestion patterns of chromosomal DNA of these isolates were grouped into three main clusters. Taiwanese strains were divided into two clusters, and the tet(M) gene was detected in cluster 1 (pulsotypes: A1–A2 and S1–S3), but not in cluster 2 strains (pulsotypes: A3–A4 and S4–S5). Three Japanese strains from amberjack, Seriola dumerili (Risso), were grouped into cluster 3 (pulsotypes: A5–A7 and S6–S8) and displayed no mortality to cobia in the challenge experiment. Conversely, Taiwanese strains from cobia and snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii (L.), displayed a mortality rate of 50–87.5% in cobia.     

不同渗灌覆膜方式对冬小麦水分利用效率及产量的影响

为探讨小麦节水高产栽培技术,以济麦20和鲁麦21号为材料,在露天不封底瓷管和防雨棚封底瓷管两种栽培条件下,研究不同渗灌覆膜处理对冬小麦水分利用效率及产量的影响.结果表明,渗灌和地膜覆盖均可显著提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率,但提高幅度因品种和渗灌深度不同而异.在露天条件下,较之地表灌溉不覆膜,20 cm渗灌加地膜覆盖处理可使籽粒产量提高13.67%～11.18%、水分利用效率提高14.59%～12.08%;在防雨棚条件下,籽粒产量提高20.16%,水分利用效率提高22.57%,40 cm渗灌籽粒产量略高于20 cm渗灌,但差异不显著.露天栽培条件下不同处理平均水分利用效率高达2.6063 kg·m-3 ·m-2,而防雨棚条件下仅为1.3482 kg·m-3 ·m-2,相对提高93.31%,籽粒产量提高102.90%,生物产量提高77.41%,收获指数提高13.99%,而总耗水量仅增加22.48 mm.试验结果说明深层土壤水对产量和水分利用效率具有重要作用,在不同试验条件下的研究结果具有较大差异.     

次生盐渍土垂向剖面斥水性及其与理化性质关系

为探求土壤剖面斥水性的变化规律及其与土壤水盐含量、pH值的关系,在新疆新垦膜下滴灌棉田以10 cm×10 cm和5cm×5cm的网格等间距采集两个土壤剖面样品,对剖面土壤的斥水性、含水率、含盐量和pH值了进行经典统计、地学统计和相关性分析。结果表明：次生盐渍土剖面斥水性呈中等程度变异,空间自相关性中等偏弱;土壤斥水性在40cm深度附近时最强,在大于80cm深度的土层斥水特征不明显;在0~40cm深度土层,含水率与土壤斥水性正相关,在40~80cm深度与斥水性负相关;含盐量除在0~10cm的表层与斥水性正相关外,在其余土层均为负相关; pH值与斥水性之间多为正相关。     

割前摘脱稻麦联合收获机分离清选装置物料运动模拟

利用Fluent软件中修正的k—ε湍流方程及拉格朗日法的离散相模型对4ZTL—1800型割前摘脱稻麦联合收获机分离清选装置内物料运动进行了数值计算,得到了物料在分离清选装置内的运动轨迹,沉降、分离、清选等运动规律,并通过数值计算得到物料质量流量、分离装置入口气流速度和分离清选装置收集物料的清洁率的关系。     

Changes in the Activities of Enzymes Involved in Starch Synthesis in the Kernel During Grain Filling in Winter Wheat Cultivars of Different Spike Types

Two winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L. ) cultivars, large-spike type Yumai66 amd small-spike type Yumai49, were used to study the activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis in the kernel during grain filling. Starch accumulated faster in the kernel of Yumai49 than Yumai66 up to 25 d after anthesis,thereafter starch accumulated faster in the kernel of Yumai66. Starch accumulation in Yumai66 peaked at 20 -25 d after anthesis, while in Yumai49 starch accumulation peaked at 15 -20 d after anthesis and 25 -30 d after anthesis. The first peak was much higher than that of the second. Sucrose content and sucrose synthase activity peaked at 20 and 15 d after anthesis in Yumai66 and Yumai49, respectively. The sucrose content and sucrose synthase activity in Yumai66 were higher than that in Yunai49 during grain filling. ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and starch branching enzyme activity in the kernel of Yumai66 peaked at 20 d after anthesis,while soluble starch synthase activity peaked at 10 and 20 d after anthesis. The second peak was much higher than that of the first.     

浅谈苄·二氯对抛栽水稻的药害及预防措施

针对当前兴业县高峰镇抛秧田应用面积最广的除草剂苄·二氯因使用不当造成水稻药害的现状,进行深入的调查研究,找出造成药害的原因,提出切实可行的预防措施。     

浅析影响小麦硬度指标测定的诸多因素

介绍影响小麦硬度的因素,从小麦水分、样品数量、小麦不完善粒含量等因素进行分析。     

小麦醇溶蛋白组分的遗传研究

选取杂交组合(晋麦13×晋农190)通过A-PAGE技术并结合统计分析,分析了单个醇溶蛋白谱带在杂交后代中的遗传规律。醇溶蛋白谱带遗传在F2代表现为:6条谱带的分离(出现/缺失的比率)符合一对基因的分离规律,它们分别是13.9、23.2、26.0、40.2、50.0和71.5;5条谱带的分离符合两对有互补作用的基因的分离规律,它们分别是12.9、15.7、17.8、32.2、76.8,另外有2条谱带的分离符合两对独立基因的分离规律,它们分别是16.5、19.1。     

2012年7月腾格里沙漠2次暴雨过程诊断分析

利用降水实况资料、单站地面资料、FY2E云顶亮温和NCEP、ECMWF格点资料,对2012年7月20日(7·20)、29日(7·29)腾格里沙漠发生的2次暴雨过程进行了诊断分析.结果表明:20:00局地热力环流在抬升、水汽动量辐合等方面为暴雨提供了有利条件,但它们必须得到天气系统的加强和优化,才能触发中尺度对流天气;沙漠的北边界为持续的水汽输入,南、东边界在暴雨前后由输入转为输出,西边界则由输出转输入,水汽源地在南海、孟加拉湾以及高纬地区;2次暴雨过程都在有利的大尺度环流背景和高低层天气系统相互作用下产生,垂直方向上形成抽吸结构;7·29过程前期为强不稳定层结,引发暴雨的中尺度系统是MCC,而7·20过程层结相对较稳定,观测点降水主要由中β尺度对流系统引起,这是7·29过程降雨大于7·20过程的原因.     

长期定位施肥对保护地土壤钙素形态分布的影响

利用长期定位试验,研究了有机肥和氮、磷、钾肥不同配施方式对保护地土壤钙素形态分布的影响。研究结果表明:有机肥的施入增加了保护地土壤全钙含量。随着施氮肥数量的增加,土壤水溶性钙含量增加,土壤全钙、吸附性钙和酸溶性钙含量均呈现下降趋势。施钾肥对土壤中钙素形态分布的影响较小。含钙磷肥的施入增加了土壤全钙的含量,但对其它形态钙素分布的影响规律性不明显。土壤pH值与全钙和吸附性钙含量之间呈显著正相关关系,与水溶性钙呈显著的负相关关系。土壤有机质与全钙和非酸溶性钙之间呈显著正相关关系,与水溶性钙呈极显著负相关关系。