细菌性条斑病侵染后普通野生稻与栽培稻杂交后代保护酶活性的变化

以抗水稻细菌性条斑病（简称细条病）的普通野生稻 DY3 和感病轮回亲本 9311 组合构建了 BC2F2 群体, 分蘖期用针刺法人工接种广西细菌性条斑病菌优势致病型菌株 JZ28, 选取其中的 1、 3、 5、 7、 9 级植株为材料,在孕穗期接种第 2 次, 研究接种细条病后水稻叶片防御酶活性的变化动态及其与抗病性的关系。 结果表明： 高抗病 1 级与高感病 9 级材料的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、 超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、 过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量与对照亲本时间动态变化趋势相似, 而过氧化物酶（POD）活性变化不一致; 不同抗病等级之间,苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性在极端抗感材料之间差异显著, 超氧化物歧化酶、 过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量差异不显著。     

利用SSR分析普通野生稻自然居群交配系统

采用SSR标记技术检测了6个自然居群的遗传多样性和交配系统参数,旨在了解其居群交配系统,为有效原位保护、异位保存提供指导。结果表明,6个居群遗传多样性水平存在差异(基因多样性指数变幅为0.3166～0.6075),居群间分化明显(Fst=0.4220)。广东高州大岭居群和广东高州朋山居群有过剩的杂合子(F0),而另外4个居群有过剩的纯合体(F0)。普通野生稻6个取样居群交配系统为混合交配类型,居群之间的异交率相差较大(多位点异交率变幅为15.1%～41.8%,单位点异交率变幅为10.1%～28.5%)。6个居群的多位点异交率都高于单位点异交率,而且位点亲本相关度比较大,说明居群内存在一定程度的近交。同时,各居群单位点相关度与多位点相关度差值较大,表明居群内存在亚结构。还讨论了进一步改善普通野生稻原位和异位保护的措施。     

高州普通野生稻雄性不育胞质对杂种一代单株产量的影响

为了明确新发现的雄性不育细胞质对杂种一代产量的影响,为它的开发利用提供依据。用3种同核异质雄性不育系及其保持系与4个恢复系配制16个杂交稻组合进行了两年三季裂区试验,在相同核背景下比较雄性不育细胞质对杂种一代单株产量的影响。结果表明：高州普通野生稻雄性不育细胞质对杂种一代单株产量表现出不同程度的负效应,但均未达显著水平;高野所配组合的平均单株产量低于华南晚籼雄性不育胞质夜公、但高于野败,说明它是一个值得进一步研究利用的新型雄性不育细胞质。     

野生稻增产QTL导入9311之近等基因系的构建

以超级杂交中稻恢复系9311为受体和轮回亲本,马来西亚普通野生稻(O.rufipogon)为增产QTL yld1.1和yld2.1的供体进行杂交和连续回交,各世代采用分子标记辅助选择,至BC6F1后自交,得到BC6F2群体,通过分子标记检测,获得分别携带野生稻增产QTL yld1.1、yld2.1及同时携带yld1.1和yld2.1的3套近等基因系.对同时携带yld1.1和yld2.1的近等基因系进行遗传背景分析,发现其与受体9311的遗传组成有93.9%一致.田间试验表明,野生稻增产QTL近等基因系的产量均高于受体,说明将野生稻增产QTL转移至杂交稻恢复系中,能提高其产量水平,且2个QTL的增产效果大于单个QTL的效果.     

栽培稻和普通野生稻基因组的随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）初步分析

 用35个随机引物对5个籼稻品种、5个粳稻品种和27份中国普通野生稻进行了RAPD分析。60%以上的引物能在籼稻和粳稻基因组间显示差异；中国普通野生稻与栽培稻的差异主要表现在与籼稻的不同，绝大部分供试野生稻的RAPD带型与粳稻的相同。这说明多数中国普通野生稻偏粳，但也存在偏籼的普通野生稻。     

中国普通野生生稻的原始型及其是否存在籼粳分化的初探

 选用国内7省（自治区）571份，国外27份普通野生稻编号根据10个形态状进行了聚类分析并结合同工酶分析与野生稻原产地生态考察将中国普通野生稻划分为多年生和一年生两群共7个类型。提出中国存在一年生普通野生稻及原始型普通野生稻问题，并根据同工酶4个基困位点分析对另中国普却生稻是否存在籼粳分化问题进行了讨论。     

QTL Analysis for Yield Traits Related to Low Nitrogen Tolerance Using Backcrossing Recombinant Inbred Lines Derived from Dongxiang Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.)

【Objective】Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) has strong low nitrogen tolerance and is an important germplasm for low nitrogen tolerance improvement. Identification of genes responsible for low nitrogen tolerance in Dongxiang wild rice is of great importance to understand molecular mechanisms of low nitrogen tolerance and develop rice varieties with low nitrogen tolerance. 【Method】Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for plant height and yield traits under low and normal nitrogen conditions was identified using backcrossing recombinant inbred lines (BC1F12) derived from an interspecific cross Xieqingzao B // Dongxiang wild rice/Xieqingzao B and its genetic linkage. 【Result】A total of 57 QTLs were detected in 33 regions on all chromosome, except chromosome 4 and 8. They explained individually 3.17%~63.40% phenotypic variation, and 32 QTLs of them had favorable alleles derived from Dongxiang wild rice. Nineteen QTLs were simultaneously detected under both nitrogen treatments, and 38 QTLs were only identified under single nitrogen treatment, suggesting various genetic mechanisms in rice growth and yield formation under low and normal nitrogen conditions. 【Conclusion】Fourteen QTL clusters, 43 QTLs included, scattered on seven chromosomes, indicating the common genetic-physiological mechanisms behind different traits, and the QTL pyramiding for low nitrogen tolerance can be achieved by molecular marker-assisted selection.     

Cytological and morphological variation in hybrid swarms and introgressed population of interspecific hybrids (Oryza rufipogon Griff. × Oryza sativa L.) and its impact on evolution of intermediate types

The morphology and cytology of selected hybrid swarms of wild and cultivated rices were studied following natural hybridization between the native species Oryza rufipogon Griff and exotic species Oryza sativa L. (var. Thaothabi and Moirangphoe). Similar studies were also conducted on populations developed through artificial hybridization of those two species. The morphological variation in plant height, anthocyanin pigmentation, Kernel and husk colour, sterility, presence of awns and grain shattering habits were similar in both natural (hybrid swarms) and artificially derived populations of interspecific hybrids. The cytological abnormalities such as quadrivalant formation at metaphase I, delayed separation, laggards and bridge formation, unequal separation and chromosomal elimination were also observed in both populations. These results indicated that the evolution of intermediate types had occurred due to genetic introgression from cultivated species to wild species. A systematic extinction of founder population was also noticed due to sudden ecological changes like deep submergence to medium submergence and human interference by growing cultivated species O. sativa L. in the area where wild species were being grown. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

栽培稻与普通野稻杂交杂种优势和农艺性状的遗传分析

按不完全双列杂交方式组配了12个栽培稻与普通野稻种间杂交组合,定量分析其杂种优势和利用加性-显性模型对11项农艺性状进行遗传分析。结果表明:12个栽野交组合的平均杂种优势为-0.608~3.031,穗数和籽粒长宽比表现强优势是其主要特征。栽野交的穗数、籽粒长宽比、结实率和抽穗期的优势显著高于籼粳交。各性状具有较高的广义遗传力(0.50~0.92);狭义遗传力为0.24~0.84,籽粒长宽比和抽穗期的狭义遗传力较高,其它性状中等偏低。各项农艺性状间具有显著或极显著水平的表型相关和遗传相关,可作为育种间接选择时的有效参考指标。     

外源水杨酸甲酯和茉莉酸甲酯处理对挺立型普通野生稻保护酶活性的影响

在一定浓度范围范围内,用2.5×10-5mol/L和5×10-5mol/L浓度的茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸甲酯喷雾处理挺立型野生稻植株(苗期),能有效地诱导其叶片内保护酶系活性的表达,2.5×10-5mol/L茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸甲酯对SOD总活性的影响幅度变化较大,水杨酸甲酯和2.5×10-5mol/L的茉莉酸甲酯处理可明显诱导挺立型普通野生稻叶片POD、CAT的表达,增加其保护酶系的活性,进而增强植株抵抗不良环境的能力。