豇豆轮纹病病原鉴定及其室内药剂筛选

从海南三亚豇豆设施棚内采集具典型轮纹病病斑的豇豆叶片,采用组织分离法分离到1株致病菌,根据病害症状特点、病原菌形态特征、培养性状、ITS序列分析,鉴定豇豆轮纹病的病原菌为多主棒孢霉[Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curst.) Wei];利用生长速率法,对12种药剂进行室内筛选,结果表明：10%苯醚甲环唑(WP,可湿性粉剂)和50%异菌脲(WP)对病原菌具有强烈抑制作用,其EC50分别为2.709 46和9.093 27 mg/L,而75%百菌清(WP)和50%多菌灵(W     

大豆疫霉根腐病研究进展

从大豆疫霉根腐病病害的起源、生理小种的分化、病害的流行、抗源筛选、抗性机制等方面,综述了国内外该病的研究进展。     

Biocontrol of vascular wilt and corm rot of gladiolus caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli using plant growth promoting rhizobacterial mixture

Talc-based formulations of plant growth promoting rhizobacterial strain S2BC-2 (Bacillus atrophaeus) and strain mixture, S2BC-2 + TEPF-Sungal (Burkholderia cepacia), inhibitory to the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli (FOG), were developed for corm dressing and soil application in gladiolus. In comparison to the individual strain, the strain mixture recorded maximum spike and corm production of 100 and 150%, respectively with less vascular wilt and corm rot incidences of 73.6 and 54.8% reduction over the pathogen control in greenhouse when inoculated with FOG. Reduction in disease incidence under greenhouse conditions occurred through induction of defence gene products such as chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. Besides disease suppression, treatment with strain mixture promoted plant growth in terms of enhanced corm and cormel production and flowering. In field experiments, the strain mixture recorded less vascular wilt and corm rot incidences of 48.6 and 46.1% mean reduction over the non-bacterised control, and was almost comparable with that of fungicide (51.5 and 47.1%, respectively). The treatment also recorded increased spike and corm yield with average increases of 58.3 and 27.4%, respectively, relative to the control.     

Improved control of lettuce drop caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using Contans combined with lignin or a reduced fungicide application

The use of Contans (Coniothyrium minitans) in Belgian commercial lettuce greenhouses has so far not always fulfilled the expectations of growers. With the aim of improving the efficacy of control of lettuce drop (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Contans applied alone and Contans combined with Radix (Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma gamsii), Kraft pine lignin and Rovral was compared in three successive lettuce crops in a naturally infested greenhouse. At harvest of each crop, the effect on disease incidence, and the effect on viability and fungal infection of sclerotia buried prior to each crop was evaluated. Contans applied alone negatively affected the sclerotial viability, but did not reduce lettuce drop symptoms. The combination of Contans with Kraft pine lignin, on the other hand, reduced sclerotial viability and lettuce drop compared with the untreated control in the last crop. Furthermore, when Contans was combined with Kraft pine lignin, a higher number of infected sclerotia was observed compared with Contans applied alone. When Radix was added to the combination, there was no extra benefit for the control of lettuce drop. The combination of one Rovral application and Contans resulted in a significant control of lettuce drop together with a negative effect on sclerotial survival. Two Rovral applications, by contrast, reduced the ability of C. minitans to parasitize and kill the sclerotia. To conclude, integration of Contans with a reduced Rovral application and with Kraft pine lignin has potential to improve the control of lettuce drop in commercial greenhouses.     

利用秸秆和肥料增殖木霉及对玉米茎基腐病的生物防治

以玉米秸秆为基质,筛选对木霉增殖有利的营养物质,对生防制剂的田间应用提供依据。利用Plack-ett-Burman试验设计筛选影响木霉产孢的主要营养物,采用最陡爬坡试验测定3种营养物的最适浓度范围;通过Box-Benhnken试验设计,对3种营养物浓度进行优化;盆栽试验检测木霉在土壤中的存活情况防治玉米茎基腐病。结果表明,筛选对木霉产孢影响较大的3个营养物质(氯化铵、硫酸钾、七水硫酸亚铁),最佳配方为氯化铵0.97 g/L,硫酸钾0.92 g/L,七水硫酸亚铁0.97 g/L,在此配方条件下孢子产量为2.61×10~9个/g。盆栽试验表明,利用木霉结合秸秆还田和肥料施用,可增强其存活能力和降低玉米茎基腐病的发生率和病情指数。     

氯化钙处理对菠萝黑腐病的防控效果及机制分析

为了降低采后菠萝果实由黑腐病引起的腐烂损失,本文研究了氯化钙处理对黑腐病的防控效果及相关机制。结果表明,1%氯化钙处理对菠萝黑腐病有最好的抑制作用和防治效果。1%氯化钙处理对病菌菌丝生长影响不大,但可明显抑制病原菌的产孢;氯化钙处理明显降低发病果实中多聚半乳糖醛酸甲酯酶（PMG）、纤维素酶（CX）和β-葡萄糖苷酶（CB）的活性,但对多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）活性变化没有明显影响;氯化钙处理明显提高贮藏中后期菠萝果实中过氧化氢（H₂O₂）的含量,明显提高抗病相关酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、几丁质酶（CHI）和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶（GLU）的活性。说明氯化钙处理对黑腐病有较好的防控效果,一方面是由于其降低了病原菌的致病性,另一方面是诱导菠萝果实提高了抗病性。因此,适宜浓度的氯化钙处理为菠萝采后黑腐病的绿色防控提供了一条新的途径。     

Real-time Fluorescence PCR Method for Detection of Burkholderia glumae from Rice

Burkholderia glumae causing seedling rot and grain rot of rice was listed as a plant quarantine disease of China in 2007. It's quite necessary to set up effective detection methods for the pathogen to manage further dispersal of this disease. The present study combined the real-time PCR method with classical PCR to increase the detecting efficiency, and to develop an accurate, rapid and sensitive method to detect the pathogen in the seed quarantine for effective management of the disease. The results showed that all the tested strains of B. glumae produced about 139 bp specific fragments by the real-time PCR and the general PCR methods, while others showed negative PCR result. The bacteria could be detected at the concentrations of 1×104 CFU/mL by general PCR method and at the concentrations below 100 CFU/mL by real-time fluorescence PCR method. B. glumae could be detected when the inoculated and healthy seeds were mixed with a proportion of 1:100.     

广西杧果象牙品种果腐病病原菌种类鉴定

广西杧果象牙品种发生的果腐病,经病原鉴定,其种类为杧果炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.)Sacc.)和杧果大茎点菌(Macrophoma mangiferae Hingoroai et Sharma)。这2种菌均可侵染杧果引起果腐病,其病状虽有相似性,但病症有明显差异。杧果炭疽菌果腐病病斑上生轮纹状小黑点,其顶端有黄褐色颗粒状物;杧果大茎点菌果腐病病斑生小黑点,小而密,其上无颗粒状物。     

云南魔芋新病害—疫病病原菌的鉴定

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t明确烟草疫霉对魔芋的致病性,为其引起的魔芋疫病的防治提供理论基础。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t对分离鉴定的5株烟草疫霉菌,在温室和实验室条件下利用植物活体和离体接种法进行致病性鉴定。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t5株疫霉菌对魔芋均表现出相似的强致病性,发病率达到100%。实验室致病性鉴定表明：疫霉菌株Ps1对叶片(病情指数98.33)和根部(病情指数94.07)致病力显著高于球茎(病情指数78.33)和茎秆(病情指数71.11);在辣椒果实、马铃薯叶片、大豆和烟草茎基部分别接种Ps1菌株,不同寄主均出现明显病斑,其中疫霉菌对马铃薯的致病性(病情指数60.67)最强,对大豆的致病性最弱(病情指数32.59)。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t疫霉菌不仅对魔芋的不同部位有较强的致病性,还可侵染其他植物。\t\t\t\t     

沈阳地区葡萄白腐病流行动态预测模型分析

通过对葡萄白腐病[Coniella diplodiella（Speg.）Petrak ＆ Sydow]流行动态模型研究，初步明确葡萄白腐病主要影响因素为时间、积温和降雨，葡萄白腐病果粒发病率（x）与葡萄生长时间（t）、有效积温（T）、累积降雨量（R）关系可用LOGISTIC模型和GROWTH模型模拟；在普通果园内，葡萄出芽后69-81d（7月中下旬）；或有效积温5473-6493℃，或累积降雨量324．1-351．7mm，是防治葡萄白腐病的最佳时期。