Gender and property rights in the commons: Examples of water rights in South Asia

In many countries and resource sectors, the state is devolving responsibility for natural resource management responsibility to ``communities' or local user groups. However, both policymakers and researchers in this area have tended to ignore the implications of gender and other forms of intra-community power differences for the effectiveness and equity of natural resource management. In the irrigation sector, despite the rhetoric on women's participation, a review of evidence from South Asia shows that organizations often exclude women through formal or informal membership rules and practices. Women may have other ways to obtain irrigation services, but even if they are effective, these other informal ways of obtaining irrigation services are typically less secure. As resource management – and rights to resources – are transferred from the state to local organizations, ensuring women's participation is essential for gender equity in control over resources. Greater involvement of women can also strengthen the effectiveness of local organizations by improving women's compliance with rules and maintenance contributions. Further detailed and comparative research is required to identify the major factors that affect women's participation and control over resources, if devolution policies are to be both equitable and sustainable. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On the Restricting Factors ＆ System Arrangements of Chinese Land Tenure Marketization

As a general rule of Economics of Development,economic growth and development require rational institution guarantee. Land Tenure. As a main institution factor in agricultural development ,closely relates to the reform of Chinese agriculture. Based on the relevant theories of Economics of Institution and Economics of Development ,and combined with the marketization process of Chinese Land Tenure of Property Rights,the article studied the effects of institutional factors and put forward some choices in the development of agriculture, which is of both significant and practical importance.     

云南省林权管理信息系统平台建设技术政策研究

从云南省集体林权主体改革后林地及其信息管理的需求出发,论述了建立林权管理信息系统平台的必要性,分析了建立管理信息系统平台的有利条件和不利条件,提出了建立管理信息系统平台的目标任务以及建立平台的相关技术、政策措施.     

我国非法证据排除规则的完善——评《办理死刑案件证据规定》和《非法证据排除规定》

"两高三部"的《办理死刑案件证据规定》和《非法证据排除规定》,细化和完善了法律和司法解释关于非法证据排除的规定,进一步确立和完善了我国非法证据排除规则。这"两个规定"对司法机关及人员公正办理刑事案件、依法惩治犯罪、切实保障人权具有十分重要的意义。但也有其不足,需要建立和完善相关的配套措施。     

贵州省凤冈县农村产权制度改革实践与启示

贵州省凤冈县将农村资源进行确权颁证,使之变成农民（自然人、法人）资产,采用入股、交易和抵押融资等方式,变成农业生产经营性资本,探索农村财产性增收的实践途径。     

The effect of recreational disturbance on an upland breeding bird, the golden plover Pluvialis apricaria

The use of the countryside for recreation has increased dramatically in recent years. This has led to concern amongst conservationists about the effects increased human disturbance may have on important wild animal populations. In the UK, recent legislation has widened the level of access to upland habitats, which support internationally important breeding bird populations. Determining the extent to which recreational disturbance affects upland breeding birds is therefore a conservation priority. We used data collected over 13 years to investigate the impact of recreational disturbance on the distribution and reproductive performance of golden plovers breeding in close proximity to the Pennine Way, an intensively used long-distance footpath. Importantly, the Pennine Way was resurfaced in 1994 to prevent further erosion of the surrounding vegetation. We were therefore able to examine if the response of golden plovers to recreational disturbance was influenced by changes in the intensity and extent of human activity resulting from the resurfacing work. Before the Pennine Way was resurfaced, golden plovers avoided areas within 200 m of the footpath during the chick-rearing period. At this time over 30% of people strayed from the footpath and the movement of people across the moorland was therefore widespread and unpredictable. Following resurfacing, over 96% of walkers remained on the Pennine Way, which significantly reduced the impact of recreational disturbance on golden plover distribution; golden plovers only avoided areas within 50 m of the footpath at this time. Despite the clear behavioural responses of golden plovers to the presence of visitors, there was no detectable impact of disturbance on reproductive performance. In many countries, a conflict arises between the use of the countryside for recreational purposes and the protection of habitats or species of high conservation value. However, this study suggests that the implementation of simple measures to influence visitor behaviour can dramatically reduce the impact of recreational disturbance on wild animal populations.     

《物权法》视野下野生动物资源保护的理性选择

偏重于公法调整的《野生动物保护法》难以适应野生动物保护的新形势。笔者通过比较法考察,阐述了我国野生动物物权法调整的必要性与可行性,并建议未来民法典总则关于野生动物应作出一般性的规定。     

耕地承包制度与新集体林权制度改革的比较研究——以福建为例

通过比较耕地承包制度与新集体林权制度改革的过程及绩效,包括经济绩效和社会绩效,探讨两种制度改革的优缺点,以便在将来的改革中相互借鉴。耕地承包制度改革的经验证明,两种制度的改革都要兼顾公平与效率,减少改革过程中的矛盾和阻力,特别是现在进行的新集体林权改革,注重公平是非常重要的。     

探析文化权利视角下的公共图书馆建设

从公民的文化权利和公共图书馆建设内涵入手,论述了公共图书馆在实现公民文化权利过程中的重要作用及意义,对如何构建以读者为本的图书馆新型文化服务体系进行了探讨。     

百合资源地理标志权与植物新品种权保护

介绍我国百合资源的地理标志与植物新品种权保护现状,探讨其发展对策,并提出以下建议:登记百合农产品地理标志;实现地理标志权与新品种权的双重保护;鼓励保护范围内更多企业使用地理标志专用标志;建立地理标志百合的国家质量标准,提高质量标准化;统一地理标志保护范围内百合品牌;开发地理标志百合的旅游资源,发展观光农业;加强隆回龙牙百合、龙山百合、漫水河百合的扶贫开发。