The effects of wall parameters on CH4 catalytic combustion in micro-channels

The paper uses CFD simulation to investigate the catalytic surface reaction and heat loss characteristics of premixed CH4/air in micro-channels with Platinum catalyst. A 3D model is used with the detailed surface elementary reaction mechanism, which includes the coupled heat transfer of wall and flow domain, solid wall thermal conductivity and the convection and surface radiation between wall and the environment. The results show that the thermal conductivity has a big impact on the uniformity of wall temperature. The convective heat transfer coefficients and the surface emissivity are the key factors to determine the external heat loss of micro-combustor. An increase of wall depth can reduce the external heat loss per unit area, but it increases the total heat loss. The change of the amount of heat loss changes the reaction rate and residence time of mixed gas in the channel, which affect the methane conversion. The research indicates that the material with bigger thermal conductivity is better to fabricate micro-combustors, and the multi-methods are needed to reduce the wall heat loss.     

Influence of flow-equilibrating device on purification of flue gas from MSW incineration

The influences of flow-equilibrating device on flue gas purification by spray drying are studied numerically with RNG k-ε turbulent model and stochastic droplet track model. The effects of flow-equilibrating device on flue gas streamline, droplets distribution, internal resistance, adhering ratio and purification efficiency are investigated. The flow field is more uniform and symmetrical after the flow equalization plate is added. The internal resistance decreases gradually with increasing diameter of the opening area of flow equalization plate. The percentage of droplet adhering on the wall is first increased, and then decreased when opening area diameter increases from 0.2 to 0.7 m. The maximum value reaches 38.2% when the diameter equals to 0.4 m. The purification efficiency for SO2 and HCl has increased after the plate is added. The desulphurization efficiency increases from 60.25% to 68.56%. HCl removal efficiency increases from 93.73% to 97.62%. The results can provide theoretical basis for flue gas purifying system optimization and parameters selection.     

复合相变蓄热墙体材料对日光温室热环境及番茄生长发育的影响

为改善日光温室作物的生长环境,将北京工业大学建筑工程学院相变畜热技术研究团队研制的复合相变蓄热墙体材料应用于种植番茄的日光温室北墙内表面。对比试验结果表明,在种植条件完全相同的情况下,采用了复合相变蓄热墙体材料温室内的番茄,在整个生长过程中的形态指标始终好于未采用复合相变蓄热墙体材料的温室,而且前者的果实大,产量大幅提升。从温室北墙内表面温度、耕作层土壤温度、有效积温以及复合相变墙体蓄放热能力等方面,定量地评价了复合相变蓄热墙体对改善日光温室作物生长热环境的影响。     

Assessment of yeast cell wall as replacements for antibiotic growth promoters in broiler diets: effects on performance, intestinal histo-morphology and humoral immune responses

The study compared the effects of an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and yeast cell wall (YCW) on performance, microbiology and histo-morphology of the small intestine and humoral immune responses in Ross 308 broilers. The treatments (eight replicates/treatment, n = 12/replicate) were negative control (NC, without AGP), positive control (PC, supplemented with bacitracin methylene disalicylate, 400 mg/kg), Y and YCW (supplemented with yeast and YCW, respectively, 1000 mg/kg). Live weight at 42 days improved (p = 0.086) in the PC, Y and YCW groups. Feed conversion ratio was better (p = 0.039) in the YCW group compared with the other groups. Antibiotic growth promoter in the PC group shortened the villi in duodenum (p = 0.044). Mucosal Escherichia coli number was higher in the PC group (p < 0.001), whereas in the digesta E. coli number was lower (p = 0.001) in the PC, Y and YCW groups in relation to the NC. Mucosal Salmonella populations increased (p = 0.0001) in the PC group, whereas in the digesta, all treatments reduced the Salmonella (p = 0.0001). Following oral challenge with Salmonella pullorum, YCW increased E. coli numbers on the mucosa (p < 0.001) whereas in the digesta the Y group had lower (p < 0.0001) number of E. coli. In the digesta, Salmonella count was lower in the YCW group compared with the other treatments (p < 0.01). Yeast cell wall -treated birds exhibited better (p < 0.05) humoral immune response against Newcastle disease which was far more persistent over time than in any other treatments. It was concluded that the yeast and the yeast cell wall may have effects identical to BMD on performance of broilers and thus may constitute an effective replacement strategy in the dietary regimens for broiler chickens.     

Main Anatomy Characteristics in Cell Wall and Lignin Distribution of Bamboo Culms(Pseudosasa amabilis)

The anatomy characteristics of cell wall and lignin distribution in different anatomical regions for 12-month-old bamboo species Pseudosasa amabilis was investigated.The lignin distribution was studied by means of optical microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope and the color reaction. In addition,the distribution of lignin in different tissues(fiber,parenchyma and vessel) was investigated by visible-light microspectrophotometry coupled with the Wiesner and Maule reaction.The cell walls of different tissues were all lignified and the lignin was widely distributed in different tissues, in which there was a difference between tissues and anatomical regions in lignin content.Guaiacyl lignin and syringyl lignin unit could be found in cell wall of fiber,parenchyma and vessel through Wiesner and Maule reaction and the absorbance peak of spectrum. There was no regular variation in lignin content with different radial location of culms and different location in fiber strands.The lamellation of the fiber cell wall was generally had as alternating broad and narrow layers with alternating low and high concentration of lignin.     

Variations in wood anatomical properties and specific gravity of half sib progenies of Populus deltoides

We studied radial and inter-progeny variations in the dimensions of the wood elements and specific gravity of 21 half sib progenies of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. The female parents of half sibprogenies were G48 and S7C13 clones. Variance ratio (F) test indicated that inter-progeny variations in the dimensions of wood elements andspecific gravity were significant for all wood traits while variations were significant for radial location for specific gravity only. Hierarchical cluster analysis was done by Squared Euclidean Distance for all of 21 progenies considering six wood traits. 21 progenies were grouped into 4 clusters. Cluster 1 was the largest cluster with 11 progenies, whereas cluster 3 had only one progeny. Selected progenies in clusters 3 (progeny 155,male) and 4 (progeny 108, 196, both female) were highly divergent from the other progenies so they were used in combinations as parents of hybrids to develop new clones with desired characters. Progeny 155 showed higher growth, fiber dimensions, and specific gravity, thus,should be used for the development of new clones.     

校审过程中的常见问题归纳

框架结构和剪力墙结构是较为常用的结构体系,本文对此类体系在施工图中容易出现的问题作了归纳,以期方便设计者及校审人查阅。     

子瓜果实贮存期细胞壁超显微结构及相关成分的变化

以大板黑瓜子子瓜为材料,西农8号西瓜为对照,测定和观察不同贮藏期果实硬度、果皮、果肉细胞壁超显微结构、中果皮果胶及其相关酶的变化,研究子瓜果实耐贮性机理。结果表明,贮藏前期子瓜果实硬度较大、中果皮原果胶含量呈上升趋势,25d后平缓下降,西农8号西瓜中果皮果胶酶(PE)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性在贮藏期存在明显的高峰,子瓜相应酶的活性变化趋势平缓,果皮果肉组织相关细胞结构解离,破坏时期与程度早于、重于子瓜,至实验结束时,已基本丧失其原有的结构,而子瓜还维持一定程度的完整性。由此认为,子瓜贮存期原果胶含量较高,PE、PG活性变化平缓,细胞壁和细胞膜系统超显微结构相对稳定可能与耐贮性有关。     

临时柱板式锚定板挡土墙在旧路改造工程中的应用

结合国道301旧路改造工程中临时柱板式锚定板挡土墙的设计和施工应用,着重讨论了临时柱板式锚定板挡土墙的墙后土压力、板后土压力、锚定板抗拔能力和结构稳定性分析,介绍了构件设计和施工工艺。实践证明这是一种经济适用的填方支护方法。