Growth promoting effects of prebiotic yeast cell wall products in starter broilers under an immune stress and Clostridium perfringens challenge

This study was designed to investigate the growth promoting effects of supplementing different sources and concentrations of prebiotic yeast cell wall (YCW) products containing mannanoligosaccharides in starter broilers under an immune stress andClostridium perfringens challenge. Through a series of 6 individual studies either 240 or 288 newly hatched chicks were randomly distributed to specific dietary treatments. All birds received a commercial infectious bursa disease vaccine at 10 or 15 d age followed by an orally administeredClostridium perfringens challenge on d 15, 16, and 17; or 18, 19, and 20. Weekly BW, feed consumption, and daily mortality were recorded per pen. Each study was terminated after 21 d. Pooled data analysis of all studies revealed no effect between different product sources of YCW. Products from both sources produced a significant improvement in growth rate compared to control birds fed no YCW. However, a blend of two YCW products showed an approximate 15% improvement in growth rate and a 10% reduction in FCR. The optimum dose of any YCW product among those tested was determined to be approximately 250 ppm. Prebiotic YCW additives increased BW and improved feed conversion and may be considered as alternative growth promoters for starting broilers.     

Yeast cell wall and live yeast products and their combination in broiler diets formulated with weekly ingredient variations

A 6‐week broiler study was conducted to evaluate whether subjecting the intestinal microflora of broilers to the effect of weekly variations in feed ingredients could be ameliorated by the inclusion of yeast‐derived feed additives: a yeast cell wall extract (YCW), live yeast culture (LY) or their combination (YCW + LY). Recent changes in ingredient prices have motivated producers to formulate diets not necessarily based primarily on corn and soya bean meal. Intestinal microflora in birds can vary significantly based on the ingredient composition of their diet, and the make‐up of the flora can influence overall bird performance. Within the three nutrient phases of this study, birds were fed either a traditional corn–soya ingredient profile or a variable‐ingredient regimen, which had weekly changes in the ingredient composition. There were consistent ameliorative effects of the yeast treatments in both the corn–soya and the variable‐ingredient groups throughout all 6 weeks, with the YCW + LY combination showing a reduced effect when compared to either product fed alone. The effectiveness of YCW and LY on ameliorating the effects of weekly ingredient variations appeared most effective during the starter and grower phases, but was less significant during the sixth week.     

Transgenic woody plants for biofuel

Transgenic trees as a new source for biofuel have brought a great interest in tree biotechnology. Genetically modifying forest trees for ethanol production have advantages in technical challenges, costs, environmental concerns, and financial problems over some of crops. Genetic engineering of forest trees can be used to reduce the level of lignin, to produce the fast-growing trees, to develop trees with higher cellulose, and to allow the trees to be grown more widely. Trees can establish themselves in the field with less care of farmers, compared to most of crops. Transgenic crops as a new source for biofuel have been recently reviewed in several reviews. Here, we overview transgenic woody plants as a new source for biofuel including genetically modified woody plants and environment; main focus of woody plants genetic modifications; solar to chemical energy transfer; cellulose biosynthesis; lignin biosynthesis; and cellulosic ethanol as biofuel.     

景观挡土墙在现代园林中的应用

阐述与分析景观挡土墙在现代园林中的运用,以及景观挡土墙的表现形式、构成要素、表现内容和设计原则等,并具体说明如何通过现代技术手段打造和美化传统挡土墙,使之更好地与现代园林景观相契合,创造出优美的景观环境。     

木薯细胞壁酸性转化酶MeCWINCV5基因启动子的克隆和序列分析

[目的]了解MeCWINCV5在植物生长发育、激素调节和逆境胁迫应答中的功能.[方法]采用PCR方法从木薯基因组中分离MeCWINCV5基因启动子序列,考察MeCWINCV5对植物生长发育、激素调节和逆境胁迫应答的影响.[结果]分析显示启动子的长度为1170bp,合有TATA box和CAAT box等多个典型的真核生物启动子基本元件元件,还存在大量逆境胁迫诱导相关的顺式调控元件,如HSE、MBS、SARE、GARE-motif和TATC-box等多个与植物逆境胁迫相关的元件.[结论]MeCWINCV5基因启动子与逆境胁迫有关,在木薯抵御逆境胁迫的生理过程中具有重要作用.     

动态水位作用下管道回拖孔壁的稳定性

在水平定向钻管道穿越中,当回拖管道穿越河流时,水位的涨落动态效应形成的极限静水压对管道回拖的安全性影响极大。为分析回拖孔壁附近的地应力分布情况,预测孔壁的稳定性,通过对孔壁附近应力场的分析,结合已有的孔壁稳定性判据,推导出合适的孔壁稳定性判据。采用有限元方法,建立穿越模型,并对模型在动态水位变化下的孔壁稳定性进行数值分析,模拟了当河水处于最高水位且继续变化条件下,孔壁附近应力场的变化情况,由应力结果分析得到了孔壁的稳定性随水位上涨而变差的结论,对于现场施工预测评估具有重要的指导意义。（图8,表1,参12）。     

全射流喷灌喷头射流元件的流场分析

全射流喷灌喷头射流元件对喷头工作性能有重要影响,其内部液气两相流动影响着射流元件的尺寸设计。采用流体体积函数两相流数学模型,对射流元件稳定附壁情况下二维及三维流场进行数值模拟,获得射流元件壁面压力分布规律、射流中线速度衰减规律、无因次附壁点距离和液气两相界面坐标位置。壁面静压试验数据与计算值对比具有一致性。在相同入口速度下,随着偏移率的增大,射流元件壁面压力极大值减小,附壁点下移。归纳出小偏移率情况下无因次附壁点距离与偏移率的经验关系式。该研究为射流元件的尺寸设计提供依据。     

墙梁的实用设计计算方法

作者在文中阐述在墙梁设计中应按施工、使用两个阶段作用的荷载及结构的工作性能对墙梁进行相应的验算,并对墙梁的正截面抗弯强度和斜截面的抗剪强度进行详细的计算。     

深基坑土钉墙内部稳定性计算新方法——最危险滑裂面复合遗传进化 …

高层建筑深基坑土钉墙内部稳定性分析的关键是如何确定最危险滑裂面的位置并计算与相对应的安全系数，这可归结为一类非线性优化问题。为克服传统优化分析方法容易陷于局部最优解的缺点，作者利用从模拟自然进化过程的遗传进化算法和求解约束优化问题的复杂形法而发展起来的复合遗传算法来搜索最危险滑动面，提出了一种深基坑土钉墙内部稳定性分析的复合遗传进化调优算法，它是一种全局优化分析方法，且比一般的遗传算法寻优效率要高     

浅谈外墙渗漏

首先从诸多方面分析了外墙渗漏的原因,然后论述了具体的防治渗漏措施并介绍了可使用的两种新材料。