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选取陕北毛乌素沙地从半固定沙地到恢复2354a的灌木和乔木固沙林地,采用密度分组法分析表层土壤轻、重组分碳氮含量、C/N的演变及累积速率、固定碳氮贡献率特征。结果表明:固沙林从恢复2354a,乔木和灌木林土壤轻组碳分别增加了14.040.6倍和8.819.2倍,显著高于对应重组碳3.27.7倍和3.58.1倍的增幅;对应轻组氮分别增加了14.540.9倍和11.829.1倍,也显著高于重组氮4.68.5倍和4.412.6倍的增幅,说明轻组碳氮相对重组碳氮对固沙林恢复更加敏感。土壤轻重组碳氮含量增加使得乔木和灌木林轻组碳密度增速分别达0.57mg·hm^-2·a^-1和0.26mg·hm^-2·a^-1,重组碳密度增速则仅为0.18mg·hm^-2·a^-1和0.20mg·hm^-2·a^-1;同时,轻组氮密度增速分别达0.03mg·hm^-2·a^-1和0.02mg·hm^-2·a^-1,重组氮密度增速则分别达0.02mg·hm^-2·a^-1和0.04mg·hm^-2·a^-1。按此碳氮组分增速,到固沙林恢复54a时,乔木林和灌木林土壤轻组碳可分别贡献75.9%和59.4%的全有机碳增量;土壤重组氮则可贡献44.6%和63.9%的全氮增量。另外,恢复54a两种林地土壤重组C/N分别比半固定沙地降低11.4%和38.5%。但轻组C/N在乔木林并无显著变化,在灌木林恢复2354a土壤轻组C/N降低了21.7%31.0%,显著改变了土壤碳库性质。表明陕北固沙林恢复土壤表现出显著的固定碳氮效应,并且乔木林有更好的固碳能力,灌木林则有较好的固氮效应。 相似文献
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城市静态小水体生态修复措施与生态服务价值评估研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
城市静态小水体污染是城市环境污染的重要问题之一。针对城市静态小水体的特点,依据稳态转换理论和生物操纵理论,形成适应于城市静态小水体的生态修复措施,并运用于武汉市青山区倒口湖水生态修复工程。工程实施后湖水水质得到明显改善,其中,水体透明度由0.2~0.4m提高至1.0~1.5m,溶解氧浓度由1.82~2.35mg/L上升至5.21~6.28mg/L,CODMn浓度由14.96~16.3mg/L降低至3.56~5.01mg/L,TN浓度由2.61~2.99mg/L降至1.27~1.6mg/L,TP浓度由0.43~0.62mg/L降至0.06~0.12mg/L。进一步对倒口湖水生态系统的供给、调节、文化以及支持4方面的服务价值进行评估,通过对水生态系统服务价值评价指标计算得出,工程实施前后水生态系统服务价值分别为299.34万元和645.62万元,新增服务价值346.28万元。在增量价值中固碳释氧、净化水质指标占比最大,表明在水生系统动植物的协同作用下,倒口湖的水质条件得到明显改善。 相似文献
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Netminder®, a water‐based silicone barrier release coating, was highly effective in reducing biofouling of lantern nets during grow‐out/overwintering of bay scallops, Argopecten irradians irradians, in a large‐scale restoration programme in New York, USA. Compared with untreated nets, scallops held in Netminder®‐coated nets experienced reduced survival after 8 months, probably due to higher loads of epibionts on their shells. However, this was countered by higher reproductive and overall condition of scallops in treated vs. untreated nets; there were no consistent differences in shell growth in different net treatments. Although further testing is recommended under a wider range of conditions, we conclude that for the purposes of our scallop restoration work, coating nets with Netminder® would eliminate the need for a gear change in spring, thus reducing labour costs; the coating process should be refined so that Velcro closures of nets do not become sealed shut. 相似文献
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三峡库区消落带适生植物固碳释氧能力研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
固碳释氧是植物的一项重要生态功能,三峡库区消落带分布范围广、面积大,对其适生植物的固碳释氧能力进行研究具有重要的意义。以重庆市三峡库区开州区至万州区消落带13种适生植物为研究对象,通过测定其净光合速率和叶面积指数,分析研究其固碳释氧能力。结果表明,13种适生植物的净光合速率日变化曲线主要呈单峰型或双峰型曲线,单峰型曲线植物有桑(Morus alba)、白芒(Miscanthus sinensis)和辣蓼(Polygonum hydropiper),其他10种植物中山杉(Taxodium‘Zhongshanshan’)、竹柳(Salix sp.)、柑橘(Citrus reticulata)、牡荆(Vitex negundo var.cannabifolia)、地桃花(Urena lobata)、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)、大狼杷草(Bidens frondosa)、鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)、合萌(Aeschynomene indica)的净光合速率日变化曲线均表现为双峰曲线,单位叶面积日净同化量为90.28~410.20 mmol/(m~2·d),固碳量为3.18~14.44 g/(m~2·d),释氧量为2.31~10.50 g/(m~2·d);单位土地面积日固碳量为6.15~65.47 g/(m~2·d),释氧量为4.48~47.62 g/(m~2·d)。单位叶面积固碳释氧能力聚类分析表明,乔木(3种)、灌木(3种)均分为两级,草本(7种)分为三级;单位土地面积固碳释氧能力分析表明,乔木(3种)、灌木(3种)和草本(7种)均分为两级;日固碳释氧能力较强的乔木为竹柳,灌木有地桃花和牡荆,草本有芦苇、辣蓼、鬼针草。本研究为三峡库区消落带生态修复工程中植被的选择应用提供了理论参考,为消落带修复工程示范区生态效益的评价提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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- 1. Many rivers and streams across the world have been channelized for various purposes. Channel cross‐sections of meandering rivers are asymmetrical and have cross‐sectional diversity in their physical environment; cross‐sections of a channelized river are typically trapezoidal and have little cross‐sectional diversity, both in physical and ecological conditions. Several programmes to restore stream meanders have been undertaken to improve river ecosystems degraded by channelization. However, the association between diversification in the physical environment due to meander restoration and the macroinvertebrate community structure is poorly known.
- 2. This study of a lowland river in Japan assessed how the cross‐sectional diversity of the physical environment changed with restoration of a meander in a channelized river, and how the macroinvertebrate communities responded to the changes in physical habitat variation. Comparisons were made between the macroinvertebrate communities of a channelized reach, the restored meandering reach, and a natural meandering reach.
- 3. Natural meandering and restored meandering reaches showed higher cross‐sectional diversity in physical variables and total taxon richness across a reach than did the channelized reach. Almost all taxa observed in the natural and restored meandering reaches were concentrated in the shallowest marginal habitats near the banks. Shear velocity increasing with water depth had a negative association with macroinvertebrate density and richness.
- 4. This study demonstrated that the shallow river bed along the inside of bends formed point bars that provided a highly stable substrate, a suitable habitat for macroinvertebrates in a lowland river. It is concluded that meander restoration could be an effective strategy for in‐stream habitat restoration in lowland meandering rivers.