纳米Al_2O_3改性水性木器漆耐磨性和硬度的研究

为提高水性聚丙烯酸酯木器漆的耐磨性和硬度,进行纳米Al2O3浆料的制备及其对水性木器漆改性的研究,探讨分析不同制备方法和Al2O3添加量对漆膜耐磨性和硬度的影响。结果表明:以聚丙烯酰胺为分散剂、聚乙二醇和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚为润湿剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为稳定保护胶,在高速搅拌下制成的纳米Al2O3浆料,在透射电镜下观察发现纳米Al2O3颗粒分布均匀,具有良好的分散性;在不影响漆膜透明度的情况下,漆膜耐磨性和硬度随Al2O3添加量增加得到提高,添加量在1.5%时漆膜具有较好的耐磨性和硬度;纳米杂合工艺法的漆膜耐磨性和硬度优于后添加法制备的水性木器漆涂膜。     

SoilFlex‐LLWR: linking a soil compaction model with the least limiting water range concept

Soil compaction impacts growing conditions for plants: it increases the mechanical resistance to root growth and modifies the soil pore system and consequently the supply of water and oxygen to the roots. The least limiting water range (LLWR) defines a range of soil water contents within which root growth is minimally limited with regard to water supply, aeration and penetration resistance. The LLWR is a function of soil bulk density (BD), and hence directly affected by soil compaction. In this paper, we present a new model, ‘SoilFlex‐LLWR’, which combines a soil compaction model with the LLWR concept. We simulated the changes in LLWR due to wheeling with a self‐propelled forage harvester on a Swiss clay loam soil (Gleyic Cambisol) using the new SoilFlex‐LLWR model, and compared measurements of the LLWR components as a function of BD with model estimations. SoilFlex‐LLWR allows for predictions of changes in LLWR due to compaction caused by agricultural field traffic and therefore provides a quantitative link between impact of soil loading and soil physical conditions for root growth.     

水杨酸对盐胁迫下豇豆幼苗生长发育的影响

在300 mmol/L Na Cl胁迫条件下,研究了水杨酸对豇豆[Vigna unguiculata(L.)Walp]幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,经水杨酸处理的豇豆幼苗株高、茎粗明显提高,促进了幼苗的形态构建。并且幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性均显著高于对照,丙二醛含量和电解质渗透率显著或明显降低;水杨酸在适宜的施用浓度范围内能够缓解豇豆幼苗的盐害症状,提高抗盐能力,对豇豆幼苗的生长有一定的促进作用,当水杨酸的处理浓度为100~150 mg/L时,作用效果最明显。     

大白菜软腐病苗期抗性及其与成株期抗性的关系

对６６个大白菜品种苗期抗性的测定结果表明，不同品种对细菌根系侵入和潜伏侵染的抗性存在显著差别；同一品种幼苗对侵入侵染的抗性与对潜伏侵染的抗性间没有相关性。幼苗期的组织含菌量与成株的田间软腐病发病程度有一定的相关性。并初步建立了大白菜对软腐病苗期抗性的鉴定方法。     

广东省养禽场肠球菌耐药性及毒力因子流行分布特征

旨在调查和分析广东省养禽场肠球菌的亚型屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌耐药性及其毒力因子流行分布特征,为控制禽源肠球菌耐药性传播、保障公共卫生安全提供理论依据。作者于2018年从广东省4个养禽场采集肠道样品493份,进行屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌的分离鉴定;采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定肠球菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）;PCR方法检测肠球菌的耐药基因和毒力基因。结果显示：1）共分离到125株肠球菌,其中粪肠球菌84株（鸡源66株,鸭源18株）;屎肠球菌41株,均来自鸡肠道样本。2）菌株对四环素、多西环素、红霉素几乎全部耐药,对氟苯尼考和氯霉素的耐药率高达89.60%和74.40%。屎肠球菌耐药率普遍高于粪肠球菌,而粪肠球菌对环丙沙星和利奈唑胺的耐药率高于屎肠球菌;鸭源粪肠球菌对利奈唑胺的耐药率（94%）显著高于鸡源粪肠球菌（39.4%）,屎肠球菌对利奈唑胺均敏感。从鸡分离的1株粪肠球菌对万古霉素耐药。3）耐药基因在屎肠球菌中的检出率高于粪肠球菌,鸭源分离株检出率高于鸡源。耐药基因tetL、fexA、ermB最为流行,检出率均高于90%。其次是optrA基因,检出率为73.60%,poxtA和fexB的检出率均低于20%。在3株鸭源粪肠球菌中检测出cfr基因。4）已检测的毒力基因中efaA的携带率最高,为63.04%（58/92）,其他依次为gelE（54.35%,50/92）、ace（47.83%,44/92）、asa1（44.57%,41/92）。对环丙沙星及高浓度氨基糖苷类耐药的菌株及携带cfr基因的菌株,大多携带agg、asal、gelE或ace。本研究显示养殖场禽源肠球菌耐药严重,鸭源肠球菌对利奈唑胺耐药率高,耐药基因和毒力基因流行且多样,且检测出人医临床重要抗生素耐药基因,应加强对养禽场肠球菌耐药性监测。     

A survey of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from wild sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Japan

We examined the antimicrobial susceptibility of 848 Escherichia coli isolates from 237 feces samples of wild sika deer (Cervus nippon) captured between 2016 and 2019 in 39 of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Five of the 237 wild sika deer (2.1%) carried E. coli with resistance to at least one antimicrobial, and all the resistant isolates showed resistance to tetracycline. The resistant isolates contained antimicrobial resistance genes that were similar to those in E. coli derived from humans and farm animals. Although wild sika deer are not currently likely to be a source for the transmission of antimicrobial resistance in Japan, they can potentially mediate antimicrobial resistance spread by coming into contact with humans, animals, and their surroundings.     

Prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci in nares and affected sites of pet dogs with superficial pyoderma

Currently, antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), are frequently isolated from canine superficial pyoderma in Japan. However, little is known regarding the nasal prevalence of MRSP in pet dogs. Here, we determined the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci in nares and affected sites of pet dogs with superficial pyoderma. Of the 125 nares and 108 affected sites of pet dogs with superficial pyoderma, 107 (13 species) and 110 (eight species) staphylococci strains, respectively, were isolated. The isolation rate of S. pseudintermedius from pyoderma sites (82/110 strains, 74.5%) was significantly higher than that from nares (57/107 strains, 53.3%) (P<0.01). Notably, the prevalence of MRSP (18/57 strains, 31.6%) in nares was equivalent to that in pyoderma sites (28/82 strains, 34.1%). Furthermore, the phenotypes and genotypes of antimicrobial resistance in MRSP strains from nares were similar to those from pyoderma sites. Our findings revealed that the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci in the nares of pet dogs with superficial pyoderma is the same level as that in affected sites. Therefore, considerable attention should be paid to the antimicrobial resistance of commensal staphylococci in companion animals.     

Relationship between anti-insulin antibody production and severe insulin resistance in a diabetic cat

A 5-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis and severe insulin resistance. Although the conventional treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis was provided, the cat required frequent hospitalization because of severe dehydration and repeated diabetic ketoacidosis. We detected anti-insulin antibodies for human in this cat. Serum insulin-binding IgG levels were markedly elevated compared with those in healthy cats and other diabetic cats. We initiated prednisolone to suppress the effects of anti-insulin antibodies. After initiation of prednisolone, the cat was gradually recovered with increasing activity and appetite. Furthermore, satisfactory glycemic control was achieved with combined subcutaneous injection of insulin detemir and insulin degludec.     

Expression of P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein in three cases of canine lymphoma showing drug resistance

In canine lymphoma, drug resistance is the major factor hindering treatment. In this study, we performed immunohistochemical examination of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), which are considered as transporters related to multidrug resistance in three recurrent canine lymphomas. All cases were negative for both transporters before anticancer drug administration, but became positive after this administration. The expression was confirmed in capillary endothelial cells, such as in brain capillaries acting as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It is suggested that both transporters expressed on capillary endothelial cells in lymphoma tissue may inhibit the spread of anticancer drugs into tumor tissues from blood, the same as the BBB. Therefore, capillary endothelial cells could act as a blood-tumor barrier, which might be involved in drug resistance in canine lymphoma.     

不同根颈直径苜蓿生理生化特性对低温胁迫的响应

为了探究不同颈粗苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）的抗寒性与其根颈中生理生化特性的关系。以‘公农1号’紫花苜蓿为试验材料,对不同颈粗（3.50 mm,5.25 mm,7.00 mm）苜蓿根系进行低温胁迫（4℃,-10℃,-15℃,-20℃）处理,测定了苜蓿根颈活力、非结构碳氮含量和抗氧化酶活性。结果表明：低温胁迫对苜蓿根颈活力、非结构碳氮含量、非结构碳氮比（Cnstructured carbon nitrogen ratio,C/N）及过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）活性均有极显著影响（P<0.01）;随低温胁迫的增加不同颈粗的苜蓿根颈活力均降低,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均呈增加-降低-增加的变化,淀粉含量、C/N和CAT活性均呈先增加后降低的趋势;苜蓿根颈活力大小与根颈中可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、CAT活性及C/N显著相关（P<0.05）。研究认为,根颈直径大的苜蓿抗寒性较强,其通过调控根颈中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量和CAT活性及C/N以适应低温胁迫。