刺槐根系抗弯特性研究

从根径和坡位两方面研究了石质陡边坡刺槐根系的抗弯特性。通过对刺槐根系进行室内单根弯曲试验,分析了不同坡位下坡向侧根的抗弯特性。试验结果表明,根系的抗弯强度与坡位的关系显著,不同坡位抗弯强度关系为:坡顶>坡中>坡底。坡顶和坡底根系的抗弯强度与根径之间存在递增的幂函数关系,而坡中根系抗弯强度与根径之间的关系不显著。弯曲弹性模量与根径存在递减的幂函数关系,在根径大于8mm左右,不同坡位根系弯曲弹性模量大小关系为:坡顶>坡中>坡底。不同坡位根系的最大弯曲力之间差异不显著,最大弯曲力沿着坡面向下呈递减趋势。不同坡位根系的断裂挠度之间差异也不显著,但根系的断裂挠度沿着坡面向下呈递增趋势。综合这些结果,可以发现坡顶根系的抗弯性能最佳,对边坡稳定的贡献较大。     

不同管理方式竹林地产流产沙过程模拟试验

针对不同利用目的和不同管理方式竹林地的侵蚀产沙特征,在浙江省临安市和安吉县,分别选择用材竹林地和挖笋竹林地,建立径流小区(面积3 m×1.5 m,坡度20°),设计用材竹林地不锄草清鞭施肥、笋林地除草清鞭每年1次和两年1次,共3种管理方式,采用人工模拟降雨的试验手段,设定6个降雨强度(0.53~1.90 mm/min),定时采集径流泥沙样,分析了不同管理方式下竹林地的侵蚀产沙过程特征,计算了侵蚀强度的差异。结论如下:(1)在单场降雨过程中,用材竹林地产沙量的最大与最小值之差很小,而笋用竹林地则相差很大,最大值出现在降雨初期,随降雨历时而很快减小。(2)在相同或相近的雨强情况下,笋竹林地的产流量远小于用材竹林地,但产沙量却远大于用材竹林地,并且呈现3个数量级的倍数在增加。(3)随着降雨强度的增加,笋用竹林地侵蚀模数的增加幅度很大,最大可呈2个数量级的倍数增加,而用材竹林地相对增加很少,只有1.7~3.8倍的增加幅度。(4)在笋用竹林地的两个处理中,锄草清鞭次数的增加会引起侵蚀量的增加,并随着雨强的增加,侵蚀量的增加会呈指数增加。(5)根据3种处理的8场人工模拟降雨试验,可初步设定竹林地的侵蚀性降雨强度的临界定在≥1.01 mm/min。本研究的上述结果可为竹林地管理、笋用竹林地锄草、清鞭和施肥的科学合理安排提供参考依据。     

L型木塑构件结构强度特性的研究

将L型构件简化成L型构件模型,并将其连接看作是半刚性节点,通过最大破坏载荷、角应变、抵抗弯矩、等效弹性模量等指标,分析了不同臂长对木塑L型构件结构强度的影响.研究结果表明:臂长对木塑L型构件结构强度的影响显著,且臂长越短,结构强度越大.臂长对连接结构强度也有较大的影响,臂长在150 mm左右时,连接性能最好.     

Effect of high-pressure treatment on rheological,thermal and structural changes in Basmati rice flour slurry

Rheological, thermal and structural changes in high pressure (HP) treated Basmati rice flour dispersions were studied as function of pressure level (350–650 MPa), slurry concentration (with 1:5, 1:3 and 1:2 flour-to-water ratios) and holding time (7.5–15 min). Rice flour dispersions exhibited a gradual liquid–solid gel transformation as they gelatinized and/or denatured and behaved as viscoelastic fluid following HP treatment. Mechanical strength (G′) of pressurized gel increased with applied pressure and rice concentration. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) thermograms of rice slurry measured after pressure treatment indicated a reduction in peak enthalpy in proportion with the extent of gelatinization and/or denaturation of starch and proteins. Pressure-treated rice samples had a progressively lower gelatinization temperature. A 15 min pressure treatment at 550 MPa was found sufficient to complete gelatinization of protein free isolated rice starch while the slurry required 650 MPa. The presence of proteins might have been responsible for the slower starch gelatinization in the rice slurry during pressure treatment. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results indicated some minor changes in protein subunits and secondary structure of rice protein. This study has provided complementary information on pressure-induced changes in physical (thermal stability, overall structure) and molecular level (secondary structure) of rice protein.     

区域水土流失面积与平均土壤侵蚀模数关系探究

采用黄河流域(片)国家级防治区中部分县级行政区2020年度水土流失动态监测成果及对应的平均土壤侵蚀模数,建立了不同县级行政区县域面积、各侵蚀强度等级面积与其平均土壤侵蚀模数之间的关系,进而推算不同区域的土壤流失量。结果表明,临界土壤侵蚀模数与平均土壤侵蚀模数之间存在较好的线性关系。根据建立的拟合关系,推算出不同时期黄土高原多沙区土壤流失量,1990—2019年黄土高原多沙区累积保土量为213.44亿t。     

湿润地区连栋温室集雨量与蓄水容积计算

湿润地区降水量大,连栋温室集雨设计应以经济、适度集蓄为目标,需要确定合适集雨量和集雨池容积。为探明一种简便的计算方法,该文首先提出集雨容积模数用以描述雨水收集能力与收集程度,然后通过集雨量计算统计,选用origin8.0软件内含指数函数模型进行模拟,建立了集雨容积模数与雨水收集率的拟合方程,并提出集雨量计算式,且计算准确度不受降雨量大小影响。应用时,可利用公式和方程,测算任意集雨面积的全年可集雨总量,按集雨计划确定集雨容积模数,即可计算设计集雨池容积,计算方法对南方湿润地区的温室大棚集雨工程设计有广泛的应用和参考价值。     

Baked product texture: Correlations between instrumental and sensory characterization using Flash Profile

Fifteen wheat doughs with various compositions have been selected and baked in order to obtain products with densities in the range of commercial bread values (0.25–0.35 g/cm³). A quick sensory profiling technique (Flash Profile), based on the combination of free choice profiling and a comparative evaluation of the whole product set was used. The sensory jury had to focus on the sensory perception of crumb texture (tactile and visual). The treatment of collected data by Generalized Procustes Analysis shows that products were perceived differently by the panel. The main differences concern the uniformity and the size of gas cells but also mechanical properties of corresponding crumb for which attributes like hardness, springiness and crumbliness were used. Instrumental characterization was performed using uniaxial compression (Young's modulus) and image analysis based on texture granulometry (fineness and homogeneity of cell distribution). A Multiple Factor Analysis allowed assessing the correlations between the sensory attributes and the instrumental measurements. Density and Young's modulus are positively correlated with the sensory elasticity. The instrumental and sensory measurements of the size and of the homogeneity of the cells distribution are correlated.     

北美规格材机械分等综述

规格材的机械分等方法是北美一种很重要的分等体系, 即采用机械应力测定设备对木材进行非破坏性试验, 按测定的木材弯曲强度和弹性模量确定木材的材质等级。用于机械分等规格材的分选参数可以因不同工厂机械的具体情况而进行调整, 较目测分等更能适应现代化木材工业的发展要求。文中从分等方法的诞生、机械分等与目测分等相互关系、机械分等方法和标准、分等机构设置等方面介绍了北美规格材机械分等, 在此基础上分析了中国规格材分等的现状并对中国规格材分等提出了参考建议。