I类新城疫病毒NDV08-004株微型基因组的构建及其功能鉴定

目的本研究旨在构建Ⅰ类新城疫病毒NDV08-004的微型基因组和辅助质粒,为构建病毒拯救体系奠定基础。方法根据Ⅰ类新城疫病毒NDV08-004的全基因组序列,采用SOE方法将增强绿色荧光蛋白基因(eGFP)插入NDV08-004的3’-Leader和5’-Trailer区域之间后反向插入转录载体pOLTV5中,构建了NDV08-004的微型基因组pLGT-03。将pLGT-03转染辅助病毒NDV08-004感染的表达T7RNA聚合酶BSRT7/5细胞进行功能鉴定。采用RT-PCR将NDV08-004的NP、P和L蛋白基因亚克隆入表达载体pCI-neo中,分别构建了三个辅助质粒pCI-NP、pCI-P、pCI-L。通过构建的微型基因组pLGT-03和三个辅助质粒按照一定的比例共转染BSRT7/5细胞来验证辅助质粒的功能。结果微型基因组pLGT-03转染辅助病毒感染的BSRT7/5细胞后可见明显荧光,表明微型基因组构建成功。微型基因组和辅助质粒共转染可见荧光表达,表明三个辅助质粒均具有相应的功能。结论表明微型基因组和辅助质粒均具有相应的功能,为建立NDV08-004的反向遗传操作平台奠定了基础。     

亚洲百合品种倍性、花粉育性及其杂交研究

 在调查5个亚洲百合品种（‘Renoir’、‘Eleganza’、‘Pollyanna’、‘Brunello’和‘Val di Sole’）的倍性、花粉形态和花粉萌发率的基础上进行了不同倍性品种间（即“4x × 2x”和“2x × 4x”之间）杂交,结果表明：（1）‘Renoir’、‘Eleganza’和‘Pollyanna’为二倍体（2n = 2x = 24）,‘Brunello’和‘Val di Sole’为四倍体（2n = 4x = 48）;（2）5个品种花粉粒形态都大致可分两类,一类为椭圆形可被染色的正常花粉粒,另一类为不能或难以被染色通常呈一定皱缩状的异常花粉粒;（3）四倍体‘Brunello’的花粉萌发率明显高于其它品种,可达80%左右,其它品种在24% ~ 36%。（4）通过胚抢救技术,从“4x × 2x”的4个杂交组合中获得了18个株系,其中12个进行过染色体分析的株系皆为三倍体。由于三倍体百合的优势和可以无性繁殖的特性,所获得的三倍体株系可作为选育商业新品种的材料。     

Interspecific Crossability and Inheritance in Pelargonium

Different Pelargonium hybrids are of great importance to horticulture. Breeding; for F₁ hybrid and clonal eultivars is particularly prevalent in Europe, Japan and North America. The results of a great deal of breeding research are scattered throughout different journals and published in several different languages. The aim of this review is to summarize the results of research on interspecific crosses and the inheritance of flower and leaf colour, plant habit, resistance and floret type.     

葡萄二倍体和四倍体杂交胚挽救的影响因素

采用L25(55)的正交试验设计,对葡萄二倍体和四倍体杂交胚挽救过程中的影响因素如培养基种类、接种时间、植物生长物质浓度等进行了研究。结果表明:影响胚挽救成苗率最重要的是接种时间,然后依次是IBA浓度、GA3浓度、培养基种类和6-BA浓度。获得了一批胚挽救实生苗,最高出苗率达到73.08%。     

月季育种研究现状分析

对近几十年来国内外月季育种中克服远缘杂交不亲和、杂种不育的多种技术的研究和生物技术的应用现状进行了综述，肯定了胚挽救在月季育种中的作用，提出远缘杂交育种将是未来较长一段时期内最有效的月季育种手段．     

软枣猕猴桃杂种胚挽救及快繁体系的建立

目的通过胚挽救获得软枣猕猴桃杂种苗。方法利用软枣猕猴桃未成熟胚为外植体,通过组织培养获得杂种苗。结果以MS为基本培养基添加BA 2.0 mg/L和NAA 0.1 mg/L培养未成熟胚,获得了杂种组培苗,并建立了快繁体系。     

Susceptibility and tissue specificity of Spodoptera frugiperda to Junonia coenia densovirus

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, which destroys many economic crops such as rice and maize, has recently invaded China. Insect viruses as biological control agents play important roles in killing pests. One potential viral insecticide is the environmentally highly infective and virulent densovirus. We successfully rescued Junonia coenia densovirus(JcDV) using its infectious clone in different insect cell lines and larvae of three insect species. Results showed that the lysate of cultured insect cells transfected by the JcDV infectious clone killed the 2 nd instar S. frugiperda. The LD_(50) of homogenate from JcDV-infected Spodoptera litura to the 2 nd instar S. frugiperda(1.76×10~8 viral genome copies per larva during 10 d post infection) was higher than that of the 2 nd instar S. litura(7.39×10~7 Jc DV genome copies) or Helicoverpa armigera larvae(9.71×10~7 JcDV genome copies). The LT_(50) of the S. litura homogenate(2.60×10~9 viral genome copies each larva) to the 2 nd instar S. frugiperda was 6.96 d, longer than that of the S. litura(6.18 d) or the 2 nd instar H. armigera(5.94 d). JcDV could infect the fat body of H. armigera, but not S. frugiperda or S. litura. Although JcDV can infect all three lepidopteran species, their susceptibility to the virus differs. JcDV has great potential as a biological control agent against pests such as S. frugiperda.     

无核葡萄剥胚胚挽救技术关键影响因子

以5个无核葡萄杂交组合金星无核×希姆劳特、奥迪亚无核×金星无核、火焰无核×森田尼无核、百乐无核×金星无核、安艺无核×奥迪亚无核为试材,研究不同取种时间、胚珠和胚发育培养基、胚萌发培养基以及增殖生根培养基对无核葡萄胚挽救效率的影响。结果表明：5个杂交组合的胚挽救最佳取种时期分别为花后49、43、40、40和43 d;胚珠和胚发育培养阶段用ER培养基效果优于Nitsch,胚发育率达到6.4%~32.6%;火焰无核×森田尼无核、金星无核×希姆劳特、安艺无核×奥迪亚无核在WPM+BA 0.1 mg/L的培养基上获得最高的正常萌发率,分别达到78.3%、67.8%和66.7%,而奥迪亚无核×金星无核和百乐无核×金星无核则在MS/2+IAA 0.1 mg/L的培养基上正常萌发率最高,分别达到54.7%和65.3%;火焰无核×森田尼无核最佳增殖生根培养基为MS/2+ IBA 0.1 mg/L培养基,但另外4个组合则使用改良B5+ IAA 0.1 mg/L培养基效果最佳。     

含蒙脱土和多糖的保水剂对高羊茅品种可奇思种子萌发及生长的影响

采用正交实验法在室温下合成了含有天然产物蒙脱土（MMT）和羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）的系列环境友好型保水剂,研究了不同保水剂组成和合成条件对高羊茅品种可奇思（简称可奇思）种子发芽及生长指标的影响规律。结果表明,试验合成的保水剂能显著提高可奇思的发芽能力和植株的生长指标,天然组分MMT和CMC含量对其发芽和植株生长影响显著。用性能最佳的保水剂处理可奇思种子,其发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、总干重、总根长和总分蘖数分别比空白对照试样提高了61．6％、80．5％、125％、102％、67．6％和68．6％,比市售合成类保水剂对照试样提高了4．50倍、5．50倍、7．60倍、6．88倍、3．88倍和3．92倍,这对提高可奇思种子发芽能力和促进其植株生长具有重要意义,对该保水剂在可奇思种子发芽中的应用提供了试验依据,