莫桑比克9个腰果品系截干复壮效果研究

以9个品系的13龄腰果树为对象,采用主枝截干更新的方法,研究不同腰果品系的截干复壮效果。试验结果表明：不同腰果品系截干复壮效果有所差异;品系2.4PA、11.7PA、2.3PA、7.10PA截干后的复壮效果较好,11.9PA复壮效果一般,16.3BG、12.9PA、1.12PA、5.12PA复壮效果较差;品系2.3PA截干1年后的结果量最多,单株结果量达160.0个,接下来依次为11.7PA、16.3BG、12.9PA、7.10PA、1.12PA、5.12PA、11.9PA和2.4PA。     

云南软香型籼稻品种滇屯502的复壮研究

软香型品种滇屯502是云南特色优质米生产的当家品种,30余年生产应用种性退化严重,在无病虫害防治条件下,其稻瘟病发病率为100%,产量减少41.9%。为了对该品种进行复壮,采用单穗选择、株系比较、品系鉴定的方法,紧扣稻瘟病抗性、香味和软米几个重要而典型的性状,开展滇屯502复壮相关研究。结果表明,在2.67万株滇屯502群体中筛选出3个复壮品系,入选率为0.01%。这3个品系表型和食味品质与滇屯502相似,但产量和稻瘟病抗性较滇屯502分别至少提高41.1%和58.3%。利用复壮品系混系繁殖形成的复壮滇屯502,较原种滇屯502的生产力得到明显提高。本研究结果可为云南软香常规稻品种复壮提供技术和经验指导。     

景宁古树名木衰弱原因及复壮技术

对景宁县古树名木生长衰弱和死亡原因进行了调查,结果表明,古树名木衰弱的主要原因是立地条件恶化、人为破坏、受塌方、泥石流以及雷电破坏、腐朽树洞不及时填补、树冠失修等原因,为此提出了改善立地条件、改善营养条件、有害生物防治、树洞填补及树体修复等复壮措施。     

细叶结缕草优质快速繁殖的研究

细叶结缕草是一种优质草坪草种,引入杭州已有40多年历史.这种草不易给籽,一般不用有性方法繁殖,因而导致生活力衰退,无力与杂草竞争.本研究的目的在于改进繁殖技术,使退化的细叶结缕草更新复壮,缩短繁殖周期,由每年出圃一次增加为三次,生产出高质量的毯状草皮或草块.通过两年研究,已达到上述目的.     

杂交粳稻亲本种子的提纯技术

分别应用“成对株系冷藏法”和“花培提纯法”对上海市主要杂交粳稻亲本进行了提纯。成对株系冷藏法针对杂交粳稻BT型不育系特点 ,将多年繁殖的原种来源于同一提纯世代 ,减少因繁殖世代增加而导致不育系育性的降低 ;花培提纯法通过杂交粳稻三系亲本分别花药培养 ,经过单倍体再加倍而加速三系纯化速度。通过提纯的寒丰A、寒丰B、82 0 4A、82 0 4B、申 4A、申 4B 3 0个株系 ,平均纯度达 99.80 %～ 99.86%。经花培提纯的不育系不育株率 10 0 % ,不育度 99.97% ,恢复系亲本纯度达到 99.99%。     

Rejuvenation of juvenile growth characters in picea abies

Cuttings were made from six‐year‐old seedlings of Picea abies L. (Karst.) that had been studied in the Stockholm phytotron. The seedlings belonged to four full‐sib families, one being of French origin, one of North‐Swedish origin and two being hybrids between parents of North‐Swedish and French origin. Nine clones from each family were included. After the rooting phase, the cuttings were exposed to the same cultivation regimes as the seedling ortets. Characteristics of growth rhythm, percentage free growth and leader length were recorded during the 2nd to the 5th growth period (GP). Plagiotropic growth habit was recorded in the 3rd to the 5th growth period, and, characteristics of the rooting phase were studied. A juvenile behaviour very similar to that characterizing growth periods 2–3 of the seedlings was observed for growth rhythm characteristics and for free growth capacity during GP2 of the cuttings. The absolute value of the differences between each observation of the seedling ortets in GP6 and the means of the cuttings in GP2 produced a new variable that quantified the degree of rejuvenation. This new variable was meaningfully calculated only for growth rhythm and growth pattern variables. A gradual reversion of the growth rhythm occurred for the cuttings, which corresponded to the change with increasing age for the seedlings. The capacity for free growth, on the contrary, disappeared already in GP3 for the cuttings, except for the French family. A large variation in the rejuvenation ability between families was observed. Furthermore, the rejuvenation ability was negatively correlated with the ability to grow plagiotropically.     

白蛾黑棒啮小蜂人工复壮技术研究

白蛾黑棒啮小蜂是美国白蛾等多种鳞翅目食叶害虫蛹期的重要寄生性天敌,但采取同一寄主连续繁蜂多代,往往会降低整个种群的雌雄比及寄生率,影响其对美国白蛾的生物防治效果。该文从对小蜂补充营养及转寄主寄生2个方面对白蛾黑棒啮小蜂进行复壮技术方面的研究,以期为解决人工繁育过程中蜂种退化问题提供理论基础与技术方面的支持。     

Rejuvenation influences indirect organogenesis from leaf explants of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) ‘Kandhari Kabuli’

Sequential subculturing leads to a gradual physiological change in cells that may be termed ‘rejuvenation’. The effect of repetitive subculturing on callus induction and shoot regeneration from leaf explants of Punica granatum L. ‘Kandhari Kabuli’ were investigated. Surface-sterilised leaves were cultured on 1.0× Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.0 mg l^–1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2.0 mg l^–1 6-benzyladenine (BA) for callus induction. Shoots were regenerated from callus on 1.0× MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg l^–1 BA, 0.5 mg l^–1 kinetin, and 0.25 mg l^–1 NAA. Subculturing of callus onto fresh medium maintained the rate of shoot formation and substantially increased the production of shoot buds up to the second subculture. Following further subculture passages, a lower shoot regeneration potential from callus was observed. A maximum shoot bud induction from callus of 63.9% was observed at the second subculture passage. The rate of multiplication of in vitro shoots increased until the fourth subculture, then became constant. Similarly, in vitro rooting of micro-shoots increased up to the third subculture, followed by a decline during further subculturing.     

古松柏叶肉细胞超微结构的研究

笔者对油松、侧柏、白皮松3种古树的叶肉细胞的超微结构进行了观察,重点研究了叶绿体结构的变化特点。此外,对造成松柏类古树衰老的原因进行了探讨。     

应用花药培养提纯粳稻不育系XG111A和保持系XG111B

应用花药培养技术对粳稻BT型不育系XG111A和保持系XG111B进行提纯改良。结果表明,低温6～8℃预处理3～18 d,有助于花药愈伤诱导率的提高,尤以低温预处理8 d,愈伤诱导率最高;35～50 d诱导愈伤的分化率最高,XG111A和XG111B的分化率分别达到22.5%和30.2%。经花药培养后,不育系和保持系株系内整齐度均得到显著提高:不育系的不育花粉率为100%,原供体对照为99.58%。保持系的花培后代植株90%以上都具有原供体植株的典型特征,且后代的性状遗传稳定,另有部分株系优于原供体植株。