小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基与品质性状的关系

对2002年国家黄淮南片区试参试小麦品系的蛋白质、湿面筋、沉降值和稳定时间等品质性状进行了测定,并运用SDS-PAGE分析了参试品系的高分子量(HMW)麦谷蛋白亚基组成及其与品质性状的关系。结果表明,在26个参试品系中,仅内乡188、郑农16达到强筋小麦标准;5+10亚基频率有所提高(53.8%),但具5+10亚基的品种间品质具有高度不稳定性,在品质改良中仅靠转育5+10亚基是不够的,要注重亚基组合的选育,其中以1,7+8,5+10和1,7+9,5+10亚基组合对品质的贡献最大,以14+15,5+10亚基组合对品质的贡献最小。     

春小麦籽粒灌浆期沉淀值动态的定量研究

以3个不同品质类型春小麦品种为材料,在设定不 同肥力和气象条件等环境因子基础上,通过建立灌浆期籽粒沉淀值动态曲线拟合方程,定量揭示籽粒沉淀值的动态与规律。结果表明,灌浆期籽粒沉淀值随时间的变化符合一元三次多项式凸性曲线,即自开花始先增后降的单峰曲线。灌浆期籽粒沉淀值的动态,不同基因型具有不同特点。高蛋白强筋、高蛋白中筋和低蛋白弱筋品种曲线峰值分别出现在开花后28 d、23 d和30 d前后。各品种沉淀值积累速度的动态特点是成熟时沉淀值高蛋白强筋品种最高,高蛋白中筋品种次之,低蛋白弱筋品种最低的主要原因。     

鄂尔多斯高原中部5.8～4.5 Cal kaBP气候旋回的地层记录

通过对鄂尔多斯高原现代风成砂与PJHZ剖面沉积物粒度特征的对比分析,确定了剖面中4个层位(290~210,190~160,153.5~123.5,50~40 cm)基本属于风成砂沉积。结合粒度参数、碳酸钙含量、总有机碳含量及年代序列,认为此区域在5.8~4.5 Cal kaBP存在以下沉积旋回:~5 749 Cal aBP,沉积风成砂,反映该时期风砂活动强烈,气候干燥,冬季风强盛;5 749 Cal aBP前后,沉积物为灰绿色湖相层,表明这一时期存在短暂的湖面扩展,沙漠退缩;5 749~5 370 Cal aBP,沉积风成砂,反映了湖泊的退缩和沙漠的扩展;5 370~4 895 Cal aBP,湖相沉积物,反映了流域降水量的增多;4 895~4 580 Cal aBP沉积风成砂后,4 580 Cal aBP前后又出现了短暂的湖相沉积,之后又是风砂沉积。     

微生物发酵床猪舍空气微生物种群结构的研究

为了研究微生物发酵床猪舍空气微生物的组成,采用自然沉降法对猪舍空气微生物进行收集,利用16S rRNA序列分析及形态观察确定微生物的分类,揭示猪舍空气微生物的多样性。从猪舍空气中共分离到细菌60余株,经过16S rRNA基因序列的同源性比对,最终确定27个代表菌株进行后续分析。分析结果表明,27株细菌中包含芽孢杆菌属14个种（51.9%）,假单胞菌5个种（18.5%）,葡萄球菌4个种（14.8%）,苍白杆菌属、类芽孢杆菌属、赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属及单胞菌属各1个种;27株细菌中包含5种条件致病菌,6种有机物降解菌。采用SPSS分析将猪舍空气微生物按采集地点明显聚成6类：仅分布于猪舍下风处的菌、仅分布于猪舍上风处的菌、仅分布于猪舍外的菌、猪舍上风和下风处共有菌、猪舍下风处和猪舍外共有菌及3处共有菌。对猪舍空气微生物空间分布的研究显示,猪舍下风处微生物种类较多,有20种,多于猪舍上风处和猪舍外部,其中15种为下风处特有种。由于微生物以气溶胶的形式存在,猪舍内相邻位置具有相似的微生物组成。以上研究结果表明,微生物发酵床猪舍空气微生物种类丰富,且微生物分布与风向相关。     

利用无机膜分离技术降低大米饮料沉淀率的研究

大米饮料是目前国内饮料厂家密切关注和开发的产品。大米饮料因采用富含淀粉质的大米作为原料,经水解液化后制备而成,货架期内极易发生沉淀分离现象,严重降低了产品的商品价值。采用无机膜分离技术处理大米饮料,选择合适处理工艺及参数,可除去大米饮料中微米级颗粒。研究结果表明,无机膜处理能有效解决大米饮料的沉淀问题,工艺技术稳定可靠,可取代离心分离等净化技术。     

Application of Chitosan to Technology of Clarification for Chinese Traditional Medicine Extraction

As the product of natural macromolecule chitin deacetylating, Chitosan is linear macromolecule carbohydrate and is widely applied to medicine, chemical industry and environmental protection, etc.. The distribution, general properties and clarifying principle of chitosan, and the application of chitosan to the clarification of Chinese traditional medicine extraction are described . Compared with ethanol sedimentation process, the chitosan clarification is a safe, of innocuity, cheap and fine clarifying process. Chitosan clarification process can replace the conventional ethanol sedimentation process as the method of fining Chinese traditional medicine extraction and preparation. The feasibility and the problem are discussed. And the advice for future researching orientation is put forward.     

CYLINDRICAL BENDING PROBLEM OF RECTANGULAR PLATES STIFFENED ON ONE SIDE ALONG ONE DIRECTION WITH ELASTIC SUPPORTS AND TENSILE FORCES

On the basis of the calculated results of accurate analytic solution of stiffened rectangular plates,the general equations of cylindrical bending of the plates with tensile forces are established for engineering practice.Its solution combining with engineering problem is given for the special defor-mation conditions of elastic supports.In the paper,the numerical example is given and compared with references,it shows that the results are available.     

Research on Sedimentation Technique of Tube Settler withRectangular Cross-section and Vertical Adhesive Interface

A new type of tube settler with rectangular cross-section and vertical adhesive interface in the tube module is proposed.The tube module by this kind of tube settler has flat top and bottom faces.Experiments show that the tube settler with rectangular vross-section and vertical adhesive interface has the advantages of better sedimentation performance,less material censumption for its construction and no flow transitional section from turbulent flow to laminar flow in the inlet part of the tube of which the whole length takes part in solid-liquid separation.     

Effect of Two Pretreatment Techniques on Preventing Membrane Fouling

Ultrafiltration membrane was used to filter the Yangtze River water by powder activated carbon (PAC) pretreated, such as Tai Lake water by coagulation-sedimentation pretreatment. The changes of organic polar content were compared in each process. Combined with the scanning electron microscope(SEM) photographs of the membrane, the mechanism of slowing down membrane fouling by PAC and coagulation-sedimentation pretreatment was studied. The results showed that hydrophobic organic compounds were the main factors of membrane fouling, while hydrophilic organics had less impact. When the dosing quantity of PAC filtered by ultrafiltration membrane was 20 mg/L to pre-treat the water samples of Yangtze River, and that of polyaluminium chloride was 25 mg/L for the pretreatment of Tai Lake water samples, the flux could be recovered effectively after backwashing compared with filtering the two raw water directly. The cake layer formed on the surface of the membrane was looser after pretreatment, and could be discharged easily by periodic backwashing, The cake layer could prevent hydrophobic organic matters deposit on the surface of membrane directly, which will slow down the membrane fouling and improve the chemical safety of the membrane effluent.     

Natural regeneration on planted clear‐cuts in boreal Sweden

Natural regeneration was registered on 97 clear‐felled and scarified sites in northeastern Sweden ten growing seasons after planting. On each site, three fix plots were laid out at planting and the planted seedlings were mapped. Ten years later all healthy non‐planted seedlings were registered in an anulus of size 15.7 m². Non‐planted seedlings were also observed in four 4 m² squares on each fix‐plot to estimate the zero‐square frequency. Species were classified as Pinus sylvestris, L., Picea abies (L) Karst. and deciduous species (Betula pendulajpubescens Roth./Ehrh., Populus tremula L., Alnus incana (L) Moench.). On average, 7 133 non‐planted seedlings ha^‐1 were found, of which 29% were conifers. Among the conifers, 71% were P. abies. More than 2 500 conifer non‐planted seedlings ha^‐1 were found on 27% of the plots. The number of non‐planted seedlings was correlated to the presence of neighbouring seed‐producing stands within 100 m and decreased with rising altitude. Pinus sylvestris seedlings were more frequent on dry soils while the deciduous seedlings were more frequent on wet sites. In the 4 m² squares, the zero‐square frequency was 29% if both conifers were and deciduous seedlings were considered and 63% if only conifers were considered. Mean height of the tallest seedling per species and square was 62 cm for P. sylvestris, 42 cm for P. abies and 107 cm for the deciduous seedlings. Key words: Alnus incana, Betula, broad‐leaves, deciduous, Norway spruce, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, reforestation, Scots pine.