鳗鲡循环水高密度养殖试验研究

利用室内封闭式循环水养殖系统对欧洲鳗鲡进行高密度养殖试验。结果表明,10 522尾平均体重为55.6 g(18P)的欧洲鳗鲡养殖159 d,成活率达99.7%,总重由584.6 kg增加到1478.0 kg,均重达143.2 g(7.0P),养殖密度从13.0 kg/m3提高到32.8 kg/m3,共投饵1 263.2 kg,鳗鲡增重893.4 kg,饵料效率达70.7%。采用添加营养液和低负载预培养生物膜,使鳗鲡进入系统后水质平稳变化,降低了养殖初期因水质变化剧烈而发生事故的风险。试验阶段养殖池水体氨氮0.03～1.28 mg/L、亚硝态氮0.02～0.75 mg/L、硝态氮1.21～99.60 mg/L,溶氧控制在5～7 mg/L、pH以碳酸氢钠调节稳定在7.0～7.7、水温在23.8～32.4℃间,系统的日换水量在5%内,各水质指标均处于鳗鲡适宜范围内。养殖期间发生2次指环虫病害,利用中草药和无残留药物进行防治,效果良好。利用循环水养殖系统养殖鳗鲡,创造最适的水环境理化条件,在快速生产绿色安全水产品的同时有效节水和减少污水排放。研究亮点:国内首次中试规模(养殖水体45 m3),高密度(32.8 kg/m3)进行了欧洲鳗鲡的循环水养殖试验。养殖试验时间达159 d,鳗鲡达到了商品规格。在中试规模条件下,联合运用预培养生物膜和低负载培养生物膜的方法快速构建了具有稳定硝化功能的生物过滤器。首次比较了不同日换水率条件下,循环水养殖欧洲鳗鲡水体氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮的变化情况。     

爱德华氏菌疫苗的研究进展

爱德华民菌为重要的致病菌之一,能感染多种鱼类并造成大量死亡.该病原菌的暴发已经给美国、欧洲、亚洲（包括日本、中国等）国家带来了严重的社会和经济损失.长期以来,用于鱼类细菌性疾病防治的西药类药物,可导致病原菌产生耐药性,鱼体的药物残留会危害人类健康等,因而被限制使用.针对该菌的鱼类疫苗的研究又再度兴起,包括天然亚单位疫苗、活体重组疫苗、基因缺失苗和基因工程亚单位疫苗等.综述了爱德华氏菌的基本特征和各种疫苗的研究进展,以期为鱼类爱德华氏菌病的防治提供重要的参考资料.     

养殖池塘底泥中恩诺沙星对氮转化的影响

为了研究水产养殖池塘底泥中抗生素残留对氮赋存形态及氮转化功能微生物的影响。选取养殖环境中常见的恩诺沙星（ENR）为目标污染物,设置0、1.0、2.0、5.0 mg/kg 4 个梯度开展模拟试验。结果显示：底泥中NH⁺₄-N和NO^-₃-N含量随试验开展呈下降趋势,添加ENR后,底泥中NO^-₂-N含量增加 7.55%~15.30%;底泥氮转化相关基因中,anammox相对丰度最高,占比60.0%~78.4%。厌氧氨氧化是底泥中氮转化的主要途径,底泥中NH⁺₄-N含量与anammox丰度呈极度负相关;底泥中低含量ENR（1.0 mg/kg）会促进nxrA基因的生长或繁殖,但含量超过2.0 mg/kg时对反硝化基因nirK有明显抑制作用。     

Aquaponics and sustainability: The comparison of two different aquaponic techniques using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Aquaponics is generally regarded as a sustainable practice, but its environmental burdens were not yet deeply investigated. In this study, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used to assess the environmental impacts of two hypothetical coupled aquaponics systems (CAPS): Raft System (RAFT) and Media-Filled Beds System (MFBS). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were considered as cultivated species in both systems. The Simapro^© software V.8.0 was used for calculation. The comparison between the two virtual systems indicated the floating technique as the less impacting one. Even though energy consumption appears to be higher in the floating system, LCA results were markedly influenced by the extensive use of inert materials in MFSB. In both systems, contribution analyses underlined that the main environmental impacts are related to infrastructures, electricity and fish feed. The LCA analyses carried out in this study highlights that the choice of less impacting materials, and the optimization of management practices, should be taken as priorities in order to reduce environmental impacts of this activity.     

Process performance of anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge and aquaculture sludge

The mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion (AcD) performances of waste activated sludge (WAS) and aquaculture sludge (AS) were studied. Mixtures of different compositions (0, 30, 50, 70 and 100 % of AS on the volume basis) were used as AcD substrates and tested via biochemical methane potential assay. The results showed that CH₄ production increased with AS/WAS ratio increment, and AS alone used as the substrate showed the maximum CH₄ yield, which was 8% higher than that achieved using WAS alone as the substrate. The CH₄ yield values were well fitted with the modified Gompertz model. The maximum methane potential (P₀) and maximum methane production rate (R₀) increased from 66.8 mL CH₄/g VS_fed to 70.9 mL CH₄/g VS_fed and from 4.40 mL CH₄/g VS_fed·d to 5.59 mL CH₄/g VS_fed·d, respectively, as the AS/WAS ratio increased from 0% to 100 %. In addition, lower levels of free ammonia and non-biodegradable organic matter contributed to the CH₄ production increasing with AS/WAS ratio increased.     

Epizootics of metazoan gill parasites did not threaten feasibility of farming southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) in a trial extending over summer months

Tuna farming off Port Lincoln, Australia, involves catching wild 2–4-year-old southern bluefin tuna in summer and then fattening for periods of 2–8 months. As fresh product is not available year-round, the feasibility of maintaining tuna for longer periods was trialled, including over a summer season, when temperatures may exceed 24 °C. As the rates of growth and reproduction in ectoparasites of fishes are usually most rapid during warm temperatures, parasite epizootics at this time may adversely affect the health of tuna. We collected epidemiological data on burdens of metazoans on the gills of tuna from the time of stocking in April 2005 through to final harvest in August 2006 (N = 220). We document an epizootic of the copepod Pseudocycnus appendiculatus, characterised by a significant increase in both prevalence and mean intensity in the first winter, followed by a decline in these parameters over the next 12 months. This epizootic pattern appears to be independent of seasonal changes in temperature. For two other species, a second copepod (Euryphorus brachypterus) and a polyopisthocotylean flatworm (Hexostoma thynni), there were no clearly discernible trends in infections. As the high water temperatures over the summer period did not lead to increased infections of any species of gill parasites, we conclude that they do not threaten the feasibility of farming of Thunnus maccoyii.     

水产养殖专业英语课程的教学改革与实践

水产养殖专业英语是为了适应社会经济发展而为学生开设的一门考查课,其目的是让学生掌握一种获取更多资料和信息的语言工具.然而,我国至今没有一本适合普通高职院校学生的专业英语教材.根据自身教学实践,本文从教学内容选择及教学手段改革两方面进行了细致深入的阐述,希望对我国水产养殖专业英语或其他学科专业英语的课程教学改革有所启发.     

Geosmin causes off‐flavour in arctic charr in recirculating aquaculture systems

The ‘earthy’ and ‘muddy’ off‐flavours in pond‐reared fish are due to the presence of geosmin or 2‐methylisoborneol in the flesh of the fish. Similar off‐flavours have been reported in fish raised in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS); however, little information is available regarding the cause of these off‐flavours. Our hypothesis was that earthy and muddy off‐flavour compounds, found previously in pond‐raised fish, are also responsible for off‐flavours in fish raised in RAS. In this preliminary study, we examined water, biofilms in RAS and fillets from cultured arctic charr known to have off‐flavours and requiring depuration using instrumental [solid‐phase microextraction procedure and gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS)] and human sensory analyses. Geosmin was present in the samples taken from the biofilter and on the side walls of the tanks. Two‐methylisoborneol was only found in low levels in the samples. The GC‐MS results indicated the presence of geosmin in the fillets (705 ng kg^?1), but lower levels were found in the water (30.5 ng L^?1). Sensory analyses also detected an earthy flavour (i.e., geosmin presence) in the fillets, and, therefore, it appears that geosmin is the main compound responsible for the off‐flavour in RAS. Further studies are being performed to identify the microorganisms responsible for geosmin production in RAS.     

浅海养殖环境复合生态净化菌群的筛选及其净化功能

本研究由浅海网箱区富营养沉积物经多步富集和筛选获得高效复合生态净化菌群,对浅海养殖区的有机物、氨氮和亚硝酸氮有明显去除效果.研究了不同条件对复合菌液去除养殖水体中氨氮、亚硝酸氮和有机物能力的影响,并确定了最佳净化条件.结果表明,复合菌添加量、葡萄糖添加量,处理时间、温度、pH和盐度对复合菌的去除效果均有影响,实验条件确定为复合菌的添加量为3%、处理时间为4 d、温度为30±2 ℃、pH值为8.1±0.2、葡萄糖添加量为2 g/L和盐度为(30±10) g/L 时,去除效果达到最佳,此时氨氮、亚硝酸氮和溶解有机物的去除率可分别达到79.1%、85.2%和88.7%.     

Homeopathic complex increases survival without affecting the performance of Nile tilapia during masculinization

During the masculinization of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, the effect of a homeopathic complex (containing Chamomilla, Quina, and sulphur) was evaluated based on survival, performance, gills and liver integrity, and parasitism. Group fed with basal diet + 17 alpha-methyltestosterone (control) showed low survival (40.02%), while the group that additionally received homeopathy and the group that received sucrose (vehicle) showed 73.7% and 87.7% survival, respectively. The growth performance of the group that received homeopathic and the control group was significantly higher than that of the group that received only sucrose. Still, fish that received the homeopathic complex showed higher branchial and hepatic integrity as compared to the other groups. The homeopathic complex contributes to a greater survival of fish in addition to maintaining satisfactory growth. Furthermore, homeopathy contributes to the improvement in gill and liver integrity of the Nile tilapia larvae.