短鳃伪稚虫的习性、分布及其在对虾养殖中的应用研究

报告了对虾养殖池中可以作为对虾优质饵料生物的一种小型底栖多毛类生物－短鳃伪稚虫及其幼体的生物学习性，内容包括春，夏期间丁字湾沿岸与牟平沿岸海幼体密度的季节变节，虾池中幼体密度的季节变化和昼夜变化，短锶伪推虫成体的生态习性以及引种繁殖的一般方法。     

紫外辐射技术及其在水产养殖上的应用

紫外线消毒技术在国内外经过20多年的发展,已经成为一种成熟可靠的绿色环保技术,在各类污水的消毒处理中得到广泛应用。本文介绍了紫外消毒技术的工作原理,技术特点和影响紫外线消毒效率的各种因素,并着重概述了该技术在水产养殖方面的应用现状、存在问题和发展前景。     

Interactions between bivalve shellfish farms and fishery resources

The only possible way to increase seafood yields from many coastal and continental shelf regions of the world is through aquaculture. The most ecologically efficient forms of aquaculture are those operations culturing plants and lower trophic level animals, such as bivalve molluscs. It is therefore understandable why culturing of these organisms has steadily increased over at least the last two decades. However, the expansion of large-scale aquaculture has costs in terms of loss of water space that could be used for other activities, and carbon flows directed through the bivalves that could have been used to support other marine plants and animals (predation and production foregone). The dominant present users of many, if not most, coastal and continental shelf regions are commercial and, in some cases, recreational and indigenous customary fishers. Therefore, in many cases, it is these stakeholders who will stand to pay much of the direct costs of the expansion of aquaculture. Therefore, it is inevitable that in some cases, there will be conflict between these sectors as water space becomes more in demand and, hence, more valuable. Resource managers are therefore faced with making resource allocation decisions between alternate sectors, and these decisions should be based on robust knowledge of the costs and benefits of each alternative use. In the case of allocation decisions between bivalve aquaculture and wild stock fisheries, there is presently a paucity of knowledge surrounding the interactions between these two activities. The aim of the work presented here was to develop a framework for understanding these interactions and applying the framework in a case study in New Zealand.     

基于NFC标签的水产养殖质量追溯系统设计

针对水产养殖过程的不合理用药、饲料添加等质量安全问题.应用基于XML/Web服务的数据传递技术构建多层可追溯质量管理系统,并利用NFC标签技术作为在整个水产品流通过程中的身份唯·标识.通过NFC标签,可为生产者、检验者、监督者和消费者提供信息交互平台,真正实现了水产品流通的全程可追溯性.     

循环水养殖中不同载体生物滤器的水质净化效果分析

为比较3种不同滤料在封闭循环水养殖中水体净化效果,通过构建3套封闭循环水养殖试验系统,分析了在相同体积的滤器中毛刷滤料、移动床滤料和结构滤料3种不同生物滤料对生物过滤硝化作用效果的影响.结果表明,在一定体积的生物滤器中（HRT 10.5min,水温24 ～30℃下）3种滤料对总氨氮（TAN）去除率的影响差异不显著（P＞0.05）,但单位滤料体积的TAN去除速率（VTR）差异较大.毛刷滤料、移动床滤料、结构滤料等3种滤料的VTR平均值分别为：（18.66±9.30）、（62.19±30.49）和（16.34±7.87）g/（m3·d）.不同运行方式对VTR有极显著影响,移动床的VTR明显高于毛刷滤料与结构滤料的固定床式生物滤器,差异极显著（P＜0.01）.     

地方性本科院校水产养殖专业研究生实验教学体系的构建研究

从实验内容改革、实验课程设置安排、实验教学平台建设三个方面探讨地方性本科院校水产养殖专业研究生实验教学体系的构建.在创新研究生实验课程过程中,开设本硕贯通的实验选修课程、研究生的实验必修课程和专题实验课程,在实验教学内容和实验建设等方面进行了一系列新的探索,形成了一套具有特色的研究生实验教学体系和实验内容,增强了研究生的科研能力.     

噬菌体抗体库技术在水产养殖中的研究进展

噬菌体抗体库技术是将目的基因克隆到噬菌体的外壳蛋白基因组中,转染宿主菌后,使目的基因编码蛋白和外壳蛋白以融合蛋白的形式表达,呈现在噬菌体表面,通过一系列的筛选获得特异性噬菌体抗体分子.介绍了噬菌体抗体库技术在水产养殖过程中的疾病防控、水环境监测、水产品安全控制以及与抗体芯片结合研究等方面的研究进展.     

Phosphorus utilization in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed practical diets and its consequences on effluent phosphorus levels

Excessive dietary phosphorous (P) concentrations in effluents from aquaculture present a major environmental problem. We therefore studied the effect of dietary P and vitamin D₃ on P utilization by rainbow trout-fed practical diets and on P concentrations in the soluble, particulate and settleable components of the effluent from fish tanks. Rainbow trout (average weight: 78 g, initial biomass: 13 kg in 0.7 m³ tanks) were fed for 11 weeks, practical diets that varied in total P, available P, and vitamin D₃ concentrations. Soluble, particulate (10–200 μm) and settleable (>200 μm) P in the effluent were sampled every 0.5–6 h for 1–3 days in the third and eleventh weeks of the experiment. Trout in all diets more than doubled their weight after 11 weeks. Increasing the concentrations of available dietary P from 0.24% to 0.88% modestly enhanced growth rate. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and biomass gain per gram P consumed decreased as dietary P concentrations increased. Carcass P, daily P gain, and plasma P concentrations were lower in fish fed with low P diets. Soluble P concentrations in the effluent peaked immediately after and again 4–6 h after feeding, and is a linear function of available dietary P. No soluble P would be produced during consumption of diets containing less than 0.22±0.02% available P. Above this dietary concentration, soluble P would be excreted at 6.9±0.4 mg/day/kg for each 0.1% increase in available dietary P. Particulate P concentrations in the effluent were independent of dietary P concentrations. Settleable, presumably fecal, P concentrations tended to increase with dietary P concentrations. In trout fed with low P (0.24% available P, 0.6% total P) diets, 60% of total dietary P were retained by the fish and the remaining 40% were excreted in the effluent as settleable P (20–30%) and particulate or soluble P (10–20%). In trout fed with high P (0.59–0.88% available P; 0.9–1.2% total P) diets, 30–55% of total dietary P was retained by fish, and the remaining 15–25% appeared in the effluent as settleable P, 20–55% as soluble P, and 5–10% as particulate P. Vitamin D₃ did not affect fish growth nor effluent P levels. Physicochemical management of aquaculture effluents should consider the effect of diets on partitioning of effluent P, the peaks of soluble P concentration following feeding, and the contributions of particulate P to total P in the effluent. Increasing our understanding of how dietary P is utilized and is subsequently partitioned in the effluent can contribute significantly towards alleviating this important environmental and industry problem.     

Wood chips and wheat straw as alternative biofilter media for denitrification reactors treating aquaculture and other wastewaters with high nitrate concentrations

This study evaluated wood chips and wheat straw as inexpensive and readily available alternatives to more expensive plastic media for denitrification processes in treating aquaculture wastewaters or other high nitrate waters. Nine 3.8-L laboratory scale reactors (40 cm packed height × 10 cm diameter) were used to compare the performance of wood chips, wheat straw, and Kaldnes plastic media in the removal of nitrate from synthetic aquaculture wastewater. These upflow bioreactors were loaded at a constant flow rate and three influent NO₃–N concentrations of 50, 120, and 200 mg/L each for at least 4 weeks, in sequence. These experiments showed that both wood chips and wheat straw produced comparable denitrification rates to the Kaldnes plastic media. As much as 99% of nitrate was removed from the wastewater of 200 mg NO₃–N/L influent concentration. Pseudo-steady state denitrification rates for 200 mg NO₃–N/L influent concentrations averaged (1360 ± 40) g N/(m³ d) for wood chips, (1360 ± 80) g N/(m³ d) for wheat straw, and (1330 ± 70) g N/(m³ d) for Kaldnes media. These values were not the maximum potential of the reactors as nitrate profiles up through the reactors indicated that nitrate reductions in the lower half of the reactors were more than double the averages for the whole reactor. COD consumption per unit of NO₃–N removed was highest with the Kaldnes media (3.41–3.95) compared to wood chips (3.34–3.64) and wheat straw (3.26–3.46). Effluent ammonia concentrations were near zero while nitrites were around 2.0 mg NO₂–N/L for all reactor types and loading rates. During the denitrification process, alkalinity and pH increased while the oxidation–reduction potential decreased with nitrate removal.

Wood chips and wheat straw lost 16.2% and 37.7% of their masses, respectively, during the 140-day experiment. There were signs of physical degradation that included discoloration and structural transformation. The carbon to nitrogen ratio of the media also decreased. Both wood chips and wheat straw can be used as filter media for biological denitrification, but time limitations for the life of both materials must be considered.     

Flesh quality of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed solely on raw Spirulina

ABSTRACT:   In order to simplify the food chain in a closed ecological recirculating aquaculture system, raw Spirulina platensis cultivated in 50-L photobioreactors were fed to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus as a uni-feed from the onset of exogenous feeding. The feasibility of using tilapia grown on raw Spirulina (body weight: 155.4 ± 3.9 g, standard length: 16.2 ± 0.2 cm; n  = 3) was investigated for 30 weeks for sashimi (sliced raw meat). Some of the rheological properties of the flesh were measured to clarify the obtained results of sensory evaluations of texture and fatness. The elastic modulus of flesh of the Spirulina -fed fish was significantly higher than that of the control fish (body weight: 168.9 ± 5.8 g, standard length: 17.8 ± 0.5 cm; n  = 3) that were fed commercial diets. In addition, the viscosity of the flesh of the Spirulina -fed fish was significantly lower than that of the control fish. There was no significant difference in the rupture strength between the two treatments. The rheological parameters in the muscle were found to coincide with the results of the sensory assessment. These results suggest that tilapia fed solely on raw Spirulina have a high flesh quality that is suitable for sashimi. The muscle lipid of the raw Spirulina -fed fish had lower levels of non-polar lipids such as triglycerides and partial glycerides, but higher levels of polar lipids such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The fatty acid profile of the raw Spirulina -fed fish muscle, especially in the polar lipid fraction, was characterized by an abundance of Σn-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids (20:3n-6, 20:4n-6, 22:4n-6, 22:5n-6).