Effect of the Antisense BcMF12 Driven by the BcA9 Promoter on Gene Silencing in Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis

The study analyzed the silencing of BcMF12 gene regulated by BcA9 promoter in the transgenic pakchoi and confirmed the effect of antisense BcMF12 gene on the pollen development. A conserved BcMF12 gene fragment was amplified from the cDNA of flower buds in pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis, syn. B. rapa L. ssp. chinensis) and was fused to the anther specific BcA9 promoter. The plant antisense expression vector was constructed and then introduced into pakchoi via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic plants were screened by antibiotics and molecular analysis. PCR and Southern blot revealed that the antisense BcMF12-GUS fusion gene regulated by BcA9 promoter was integrated into transgenic plants. Northern blot suggested that the expression of BcMF12 gene was down-regulated significantly. The pollen germination rate of transgenic plants with antisense BcMF12 gene decreased as compared with that of the control plants. The expression of the gene BcMF12 related to the pollen development was inhibited by the antisense BcMF12 driven by BcA9 promoter, which consequently affected the pollen development in pakchoi.     

薹菜种质资源的RAPD和ISSR分析

【目的】对29份薹菜(Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis Makino var.tai-tsai Hort) 种质资源进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析,为薹菜的种质资源保护和利用奠定基础。【方法】利用优化的RAPD和ISSR标记体系,对采自山东、江苏和北京的29份薹菜品种进行DNA多态性分析,并采用类平均法对29份薹菜品种的RAPD和ISSR扩增结果进行聚类分析。【结果】从273条RAPD引物中筛选的33个RAPD引物,共扩增出了336条清晰的谱带,其中293条显示多态性,平均每个引物扩增出10.2条多态性谱带,多态性比率为87.2%。利用RAPD标记构建了29份薹菜资源的聚类树状图,距离系数为0.63～0.79。从100条ISSR引物中筛选的45个ISSR引物,共扩增出了522条清晰的谱带,其中414条显示多态性,平均每个引物扩增出9.2条多态性谱带,多态性比率为79.3%;利用ISSR标记构建了29份薹菜资源的聚类树状图,距离系数为0.70～0.86。【结论】基于RAPD和ISSR标记构建的29份薹菜品种的聚类树状图虽有一定差异,但总体趋势一致,1、20、21号薹菜与其他品种的遗传距离相对较远。     

影响北方白菜型冬油菜主要农艺性状变异的气象因子分析

为探究影响北方冬油菜农艺性状的气象因子,以新疆自治区阿勒泰、乌鲁木齐和喀什为研究试点,选择陇油6号、陇油7号、陇油8号、天油2号、天油4号、天油7号共6个抗寒性不同的白菜型冬油菜品种为研究材料,采用适定性分析法和相关性分析法,研究气象因子对冬油菜的株高、主花序角果数、单株角果数、角粒数等农艺性状的影响。结果显示：随纬度降低越冬率增加,农艺性状变劣,其中千粒重、株高和角粒数变异系数较小,分别为5.86%、6.23%和12.63%,单株角果数的变异系数较大,为28.25%;参试品种间,强抗寒品种陇油6号和陇油7号的农艺性状变异系数较小,弱抗寒品种天油2号等变异系数较大;农艺性状与越冬率显著正相关（P<0.05）,角粒数与各种气象因子的相关性均达显著水平（P<0.05）;积雪天数、年降雨量和最大积雪厚度对农艺性状具有正效应,累积贡献率达到0.877,最冷月最低气温、地面极端低温、负积温和年均气温对农艺性状具有负效应,累积贡献率达到-0.871。因此,在北方寒区,选择强抗寒冬油菜品种有利于保持农艺性状稳定,获得较好产量与效益。     

外源基因在不结球白菜转基因植株后代中的表达

应用农杆菌介导法将含有豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因和新霉素磷酸转移酶基因的重组质粒导入不结球白菜地方品种———“中脚黑叶”和“矮脚黑叶”中 ,获得抗虫转基因植株。卡那霉素抗性和抗虫性在转基因植株自交后代T1代植株中发生分离 ;在T2 代中出现 3种不同类型的株系 :抗性纯合、杂合型和敏感性纯合株系。卡那霉素抗性和抗虫性在转基因植株自交后代中的表现基本符合孟德尔显性单基因的分离规律。从T2 、T3 、T4代中选择出抗虫性纯合株系 ,并获得一批对 1～ 2龄鳞翅目小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾幼虫的校正死亡率达 6 0 %左右的单株     

利用异源六倍体(A~rA~rA~nA~nC~nC~n)与甘蓝种间杂交合成甘蓝型油菜的新方法

利用亲本种的遗传变异是改良油菜的重要途径,本研究提出一种利用甘蓝拓宽甘蓝型油菜遗传多样性的新方法。以甘蓝型油菜(AnAnCnCn)品种中双11号为母本,与白菜型油菜(ArAr)品系SWU07杂交,经染色体加倍获得异源六倍体(ArArAnAnCnCn),再与甘蓝(CoCo)杂交,创建出具有亲本种遗传成分的新型甘蓝型油菜(ArAnCnCo)。该六倍体连续3个世代核型稳定,各世代中的自交和自由授粉结实率无显著差异,花粉育性在94.6%～98.8%之间,3个世代自交平均结实率为每角果5.47粒,自由授粉平均结实率为每角果7.93粒;各世代六倍体(ArArAnAnCnCn)与不同类型甘蓝杂交平均结实率分别为每角果0.05、0.04、0.05粒,世代间无显著差异,且六倍体与栽培、野生甘蓝杂交结实性无显著差异,可交配性不受六倍体世代及甘蓝类型的影响。尽管该六倍体与甘蓝可交配性较低,但仍可在田间条件下成功杂交,获得新型甘蓝型油菜(ArAnCnCo),表明以ArArAnAnCnCn六倍体为桥梁与甘蓝杂交,是一种有效导入甘蓝遗传成分、创建新型甘蓝型油菜的新方法。     

云南铁壳麦抗条锈病基因的SSR分子初步检测

为探讨云南小麦亚种(Triticum aestivumssp yunnanense King,俗称铁壳麦)不同品种可能携带的已知和未知的抗条锈病基因,用38对与51个已知小麦抗条锈病基因连锁的SSR引物,对37份云南铁壳麦进行了SSR分子检测。结果显示,云南铁壳麦携带有丰富的与已知抗条锈病基因Yr9、Yr10、Yr29、Yr41、YrTp1、YrSM139、YrSP、YrGn6、Yrvav-B1、YrSyria、YrXu、YrM8003和YrCD等连锁的SSR位点,其中24份具有与中国春相同或类似、且与Yr18连锁的Xgwm295标记。用8对引物Xgwm582、Xwmc477、Xwmc364、Xg-wm429、Xwmc702、Xwmc438、Xwmc810和Xgdm116检测到部分云南铁壳麦携带来自黑麦的Yr9和YrM8003、长穗偃麦草的YrTp1和YrTp2、华山新麦草的YrHy和中间偃麦草的Yr88375和YrZhong22抗条锈病基因的片段,并可能含有抗条锈病新基因,应重视其发掘与定位研究;许多云南铁壳麦含有高度慢条锈病的Yr18基因,应在云南小麦新品种选育中高度重视和加以利用。     

不结球白菜维生素C和可溶性糖含量的遗传分析

采用主基因—多基因混合遗传模型分析方法,对不结球白菜乌塌菜×矮脚黄、雪克青×矮脚黄两个组合的维生素Ｃ、可溶性糖含量进行单世代和联合世代遗传分析。结果表明,两组合中维生素Ｃ含量遗传符合一个主基因和多基因的混合遗传模型,主基因遗传率为５２６８％～７４１２％。可溶性糖在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中也符合主基因—多基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率为８９７３％～８９７９％。维生素Ｃ和可溶性糖主基因效应均以加性效应为主,在乌塌菜×矮脚黄组合中,两性状主基因有较明显的负向显性效应,在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中,显性效应不明显。育种实践中应注重对主基因加性效应的利用。     

粳稻外观品质的选择效果

为改良江苏粳稻的外观品质,以日本优质粳稻与江苏高产粳稻杂交后代为材料,研究了垩白粒率、垩白度和透明度等外观品质的选择效果.结果表明,在F4～F6代对垩白粒率、垩白度和透明度等外观品质进行选择的效果较好,上下世代间外观品质的表现有明显的相关关系,在F4和F5代外观品质达国际一级的单株,其下一代有70%以上单株的外观品质仍可达到一级标准.不同组合优质单株的出现机率存在明显差异.     

N-(pyrid-3-yl)thioureas and derivatives as acaricides. II. Quantitative structure-activity relationships and chemodynamic behaviour

The biological activity of a series of N-(pyrid-3-yl)thioureas and -carbodiimides, analogues of the insecticide/acaricide diafenthiuron, towards the carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd.) and the two-spotted spider mite (T. urticae Koch) was analysed using QSAR methodology. A canonical correlation analysis allowed for the establishment of a prediction model and the identification of outliers within that model. The chemodynamic behaviour of certain compounds in the two series, including these outliers, determined by using photochemical experiments in the laboratory as well as in the glasshouse, was shown to be responsible for anomalous results obtained in the biological tests. It was found from the above study that the biological activity towards both spider mite species is extremely sensitive to the kinetics of formation of the carbodiimides from the corresponding thioureas and to the photostability of the former. The results obtained with a thiourea which underwent no appreciable photochemical transformation into the corresponding carbodiimide supported the hypothesis that the thioureas are also in-vivo propesticides of the acaricidal carbodiimides.     

Effect of temperature and leaf wetness duration on infection of sweet oranges by Asiatic citrus canker

Asiatic citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas smithii ssp. citri , formerly X. axonopodis pv. citri , is one of the most serious phytosanitary problems in Brazilian citrus crops. Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to assess the influence of temperature and leaf wetness duration on infection and subsequent symptom development of citrus canker in sweet orange cvs Hamlin, Natal, Pera and Valencia. The quantified variables were incubation period, disease incidence, disease severity, mean lesion density and mean lesion size at temperatures of 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 42°C, and leaf wetness durations of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. Symptoms did not develop at 42°C. A generalized beta function showed a good fit to the temperature data, severity being highest in the range 30–35°C. The relationship between citrus canker severity and leaf wetness duration was explained by a monomolecular model, with the greatest severity occurring at 24 h of leaf wetness, with 4 h of wetness being the minimum duration sufficient to cause 100% incidence at optimal temperatures of 25–35°C. Mean lesion density behaved similarly to disease severity in relation to temperature variation and leaf wetness duration. A combined monomolecular-beta generalized model fitted disease severity, mean lesion density or lesion size as a function of both temperature and duration of leaf wetness. The estimated minimum and maximum temperatures for the occurrence of disease were 12°C and 40°C, respectively.