利用轻小型飞机遥感数据建立人工林特征参数模型

目前获取森林特征参数的主要方法是外业测量,工作量大、效率低。该文以中国自主研发的轻小型航空遥感系统为数据获取工具,以油松人工林为研究对象,通过对获取森林的激光雷达（light detection and ranging,LIDAR）点云数据去噪,分类,提取等过程获得单木的树高数据,对获取的航空影像数据进行预处理,匹配,拼接,分割及冠幅提取获得单木的冠幅数据,再与外业抽样调查的单木的树高、胸径建立回归模型,同时验证模型精度。试验结果表明：通过LIDAR点云数据提取的树高与实测的树高具有极显著的相关性,所建立的模型预测精度达97.5%,通过影像提取的冠幅与实测的胸径也具有极显著的相关性,预测精度达91.6%,基本上能够满足林业生产的要求。     

非邻域相干系数估计的PolInSAR树高反演算法

为了提高全极化干涉合成孔径雷达树高反演精度,提出了一种基于非邻域窗口相干系数估计的Pol In SAR树木高度反演算法。该算法首先求取4对全极化干涉SAR图像的最优干涉相位图,再以局部窗口内像素的幅度和相位联合条件概率密度为准则选取与当前像素满足独立同分布的样本,进而获得相干系数的准确估计值,最后采用三段法进行树木高度反演。对仿真数据的处理结果表明,所提算法能够提高观测场景中树木高度的反演精度,并且能够很好地保持图像中的边界细节信息。     

新乡市2016年麦收期2次强对流天气对比分析

为了研究麦收期间强对流天气的发生发展规律,利用常规观测资料、中尺度分析产品和卫星雷达资料,对新乡市2016年麦收期2次强对流过程进行对比分析。结果表明：6月4日的强对流是由地面辐合线触发的;6月5日的强对流是地面冷空气触发的;上干冷下暖湿的垂直结构是产生强对流天气的有利条件;三体散射和悬垂结构预示有冰雹和雷雨大风;中尺度辐合线、辐合区、逆风区的出现和维持是产生局地强降水的一个比较有用的预报依据;维持较大的垂直液态含水量可产生比较大的降水。由此提炼出不同类型强对流天气的预报预警指标,为农业防灾减灾提供科学参考,最大限度地减轻气象灾害造成的不利影响。     

雷达遥感中基于多尺度的土壤粗糙度变化

利用雷达进行地表观测的过程中,土壤粗糙度情况对雷达后向散射有重要影响,是地表土壤水分获取模型中的关键输入参数。目前,遥感领域大多数研究都是基于单尺度利用均方根高度s和相关长度l来描述水平和垂直方向土壤表面粗糙度的情况。为此,针对农用地地表不同粗糙度情况,分析了不同尺度的实际测量剖面数据,结果表明:表征粗糙度大小的s和l值变化不仅与表面粗糙情况有关,还与不同空间尺度相关;使用单一尺度来描述地表粗糙度情况是不准确的。     

Seasonal and diel changes in fish distribution in a tropical hydropower plant tailrace: evidence from hydroacoustic and gillnet sampling

Hydropower plant operation can lead to direct impacts on fish near the dam, causing injuries and death. In Brazil, it is more common to observe these impacts in the tailrace. To understand temporal and spatial variations in fish abundance in the tailrace, to assist plant operation management, surveys were performed in Três Marias Hydropower Plant using hydroacoustics and multimesh gillnets. Data were collected in the tailrace backwater over 1 year, during 18 field trips, each covering a 24‐h cycle with six sampling intervals. A greater abundance of fish was found in the tailrace during the wet season, mainly explained by total discharge. More fish were detected by hydroacoustics and gill nets during night sampling. Siluriformes, which are known to exhibit nocturnal habits, were the predominant species in both dry and wet seasons. Thus, damaging operational procedures for fish should be planned in the dry season, low‐abundance period.     

风廓线雷达资料在沈阳冰雹天气过程中的分析应用

本文利用风廓线雷达的基本产品、Micaps实况资料和区域自动站资料,对沈阳城区发生的一次冰雹天气过程进行分析,结果表明：此次冰雹是在冷涡背景下,高空存在横槽、逆温,触发的局地的强对流天气过程。降雹前高空由西北风转为偏西风,预示着横槽的到来,风廓线雷达对冷空气侵入的判别提前于常规观测资料。1000 m以下水平风的变化与降雹时间及强度有较好的对应。高空水平风速≥12 m/s的风速带在降雹前1h达到峰值。高空急流区在冰雹发生前20~25min出现急流动量下传,为冰雹的产生提供动力条件。降雹阶段探测高度明显增加,主要是由于空气湿度增大和高层存在大量冰晶粒子所致。冰雹过程中,冰晶粒子主要集中在1900 m以下。降雹前25min垂直风切变增大,并在降雹前20min达到极值,垂直风切变的变化与急流的变化相对应。垂直速度达到极值对应的并不是降雹的开始,低层信噪比＞60 dB,对应降雹开始,信噪比对于冰雹的敏感程度比垂直速度高。垂直速度大于4 m/s与降水的开始、结束时间有着很好的对应关系。     

两次对流天气的天气形势和多普勒雷达回波的对比分析

利用河北新乐多普勒雷达的探测资料和气象常规资料,通过对河北省中南部的两次灾害性天气（2005年7月12日和7月31日）对比分析,得出了对流天气（冰雹、大风）发生时有利的多普勒雷达产品的演变特征,“快速减少的垂直积分液态水可以引起风灾”、“逆风区”是造成灾害性天气的最明显和直接的表现。     

塔额盆地一次强雹云天气的雷达回波分析

2010年7月19日午后塔额盆地出现了一场较强雹云天气过程。根据塔城雷达站监测回波资料,分析此次强单体雹云的结构、演变、移动和降雹特征,对此次冰雹云的类型、结构、特征及其演变趋势进行分析,并提出相应的雹云判识方法。     

基于地基激光雷达数据的单株古树稳定性研究

使用地基激光雷达获得了古树的三维结构数据,并使用数据对古树的稳定性和树枝抗劈裂能力进行分析。结果表明：地基激光雷达扫描能够快速的获取古树的三维结构数据,和常规的测树方法相比,能够减少数据中由于人员操作造成的误差;三维结构数据可用于判断树体的稳定性和树枝的抗劈裂能力。地基激光雷达技术在古树管理中将具有良好的应用前景。     

Evaluating land subsidence by field survey and D-In SAR technique in Damaneh City,Iran

Based on the data from piezometers, well logs, geophysical surveys and the interferometric synthetic aperture radar(In SAR) technique, this study investigates the main causes of land subsidence in Damaneh City, Iran. The size, openings and direction of fissures were measured by micrometer and compass. The locations of fissures and wall cracks were determined by GPS. The geoelectrical data were used to determine the composition, thickness, depth and shape of lower parts of the aquifer. Groundwater fluctuations were evaluated by available piezometers. The In SAR technique was used to measure land deformation from space and to map the dense changes of surface displacements. The results indicate that the main cause of ground subsidence is the decline of groundwater heads and changes in composition and thickness of compressible lacustrine sediments. The subsidence map obtained from the radar data of ASAR sensor of ENVISAT satellite shows that the subsidence zone is mainly in northern city that is underlain by very thick fine sediments. The subsidence rates from March to December 2005 and from July 2011 to January 2012 are 6.7 and 7.0 cm/a, respectively. The results also show good correlations among the formation of earth features, decline in groundwater head and thickness of fine-grained sediments. We recommend that the groundwater withdrawal for agricultural and industrial sectors should be restricted and urban expansion in the northern part of the city should be constrained.