农业机械化在破解"三农"问题中发挥重要作用

农业机械是农业和农村先进的、重要的生产力,农业机械的运用对破解“三农”问题直接或间接地产生作用。本文结合当地“三农”问题实际,在调查研究的基础上,找出农业机械化在破解“三农”问题上存在的突出问题,按照《中华人民共和国农业机械化促进法》等有关规定提出相应的解决措施,以谋求农业机械化得以快速健康发展,从而更好地为“三农”服务。     

河南省中低产田地区水资源生产潜

论述了河南省中低产田地区水资源生产潜力的开发途径。主要包括：实行节水灌溉及节水技术；建立合理的灌溉制度，以便改善农田水分状况，按农作物的需水规律进行灌溉；合理规划作物种植，提高农田整体水分利用效率；合理施肥，提高土壤肥力，以降低作物对水分的无效吸收等。     

Quality and maximum profit of industrial tomato as affected by distribution uniformity of drip irrigation system

The tomato industry reformed its system of payment by weight of tomato, introducing a corrective system based on percent level of fruit dry matter produced. Such a decision implies significant changes in the management of irrigation systems, with a need to emphasize the technological quality of the marketable product. Three levels of distribution uniformity of the irrigation system are analysed, and related production functions of crop yield and percent of dry matter are presented as well as their use on the optimisation of dry matter, expected revenues and seasonal applied water. Results are critically influenced by the distribution uniformity. They demonstrate the inter-relationship between crop production, percent fruit dry matter and irrigation management, and the importance of considering non-uniformity in the economic analysis of industrial tomato production. Decreases in uniformity lead to a reduction in dry matter production per unit land. Decreases in dry matter are also observed with increasing levels of seasonally applied water, with the optimal level always lower than the required for maximum yield. Such interaction suggests a continuous and inverse relationship between profit and water applied. However, due to the corrective system of payment, by levels of percent of dry matter produced, for some uniformity, the expected revenue follows the yield-water production function instead of the dry matter function. This fact introduces disturbances in the optimal water applied inducing higher than expected levels of water applied for profit maximisation. The simulated data also show that incentives to switch to new systems or management practices able to raise the distribution uniformity result more from profit losses than increases in water price.     

变速恒频风力机组变桨距控制系统

在风力机空气动力学特性分析的基础上，讨论了变速恒频风力机组变桨距机构在低于额定风速阶段和高于额定风速阶段的不同控制策略。将模型与控制方法相结合的数字仿真表明，控制曲线与预期要求一致。具体设计了变桨距机构液压控制方案和电机控制方案，并提出了高油压冗余式电液比例变桨距机构的设计思路。     

旱田中耕节水灌溉设备的研究

分析了节水灌溉现状；以玉米苗期为研究对象，结合黑龙江省旱作农业实际，提出了一种与中耕相结合的灌溉方式，为采用机械化灌溉方法解决作物苗期干旱问题提供参考。     

玉米收获机夹持输送装置的研究

夹持输送装置是穗茎兼收型玉米收获机的关键部件。为了解决玉米植株在夹持输送中的断茎、堵塞等问题，对夹持输送装置的关键部件进行研究，通过增设输送拨禾链，从而有效地地解决了上述问题。     

混沌-步长加速法在营养液系统中的应用

将步长加速法与混沌优化方法结合,解决了混沌优化方法收敛速度慢和步长加速法只适合于局部寻优的缺陷.为此,介绍了无糖组培营养液循环控制系统的设计和构成,并采用混沌-步长加速法针对无糖组培营养液控制系统的PID控制器参数寻优,以实现营养液的自动调配.仿真结果表明:该优化方法搜索效率高,所得参数较好地满足了系统控制要求.     

红外辐射技术在农副产品加工中的应用与进展

红外辐射加热干燥技术有众多的优点，近些年来在农副产品加工中的应用越来越多。为此。介绍了红外辐射的基本原理及特点；并通过大量的实例阐述了红外辐射在谷物、蔬菜、竹材加热干燥上的应用与研究进展，以及红外辐射技术在农副产品杀菌方面的应用。     

柴油机燃烧过程及NOx排放的试验研究

测量分析柴油机气缸压力、负荷特性、NOx、HC、CO和烟度等废气排放,并测量分析了供油提前角对动力性、经济性及排放的影响.试验结果表明:供油提前角提前时,柴油机气缸压力增加,NOx增加;负荷增加时,NOx排放浓度增加;但NOx比排放除了在小负荷时较大外,在中等及大负荷时基本保持不变.     

振动沉拔桩机激振器的设计及动力学分析

提出了一种振动沉拔桩激振器的新的设计方法，给出了其工作原理，建立了振动模型，并对系统进行了动力分析，得出了相关结论。