四川牧草种子质量检验的建议

阐述了四川徨草种子检验状况存在问题，提出了牧草种子检验的建议。     

Comparison of Progeny-Testing Methods in Lolium perenne L.

From 28 genotypes, half-sib families were generated by polycross (PX) and 2 topcrosses (TC). TC-testers were partially inbred cms-lines. Progenies were tested for annual dry matter yield in 3 successive years. The three year average was 80.7, 76.6 and 74.0 dt/ha for TC 1, PX and TC 2, respectively. TC 1 had the highest yielding families and the largest mean in all years. TC 2 revealed the largest range among its families. Genetic variance was highest for TC 2 with 14.02, followed by TC 1 and PX with 12.05 and 10.92. However, genotype × year interaction variance was about 2 and 4 times greater for TC 1 and TC 2 as compared to PX. Genetic correlation between testcross progenies was tightest for PX vs. TC 1 (rg = 0.644⁺⁺), while between the two TC's only rg = 0.307⁺ was observed. Predicted response to selection yielded very similar results for all test-crosses.     

费休氏法水分测定的兽药检测实验室能力验证

为进一步加强兽药检测机构能力建设,提升兽药检验水平,确保兽药检验质量,组织了兽药检测实验室等相关机构开展费休氏法水分测定能力验证。依据《中国兽药典》2015年版一部附录0832第一法容量滴定法以及中国合格评定国家认可委员会(CNAS)规定的程序进行本次能力验证。采用单因子方差分析对制备的测试样品进行均匀性检验,采用t检验对样品进行稳定性考察,采用Z比分数评价各参加实验室的测试结果,以理论计算值作为指定值。报告检测结果的50家兽药检测实验室中,39家的结果为满意,4家结果有问题,7家结果为不满意。通过研究,制备了均匀性和稳定性均符合能力验证要求的测试样品,并采用适当的统计方法评估了兽药检测实验室的水分检测能力。     

黄芩叶斑病病原菌鉴定和药剂室内毒力测定

为探究黄芩叶斑病的病原种类,筛选有效的杀菌剂,本研究从甘肃省定西市陇西县黄芩主产区采集黄芩叶斑病病叶,采用组织分离法进行病原物的分离,通过病原菌的形态特征并结合rDNA转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)、过敏原基因(Alt a1)、质膜腺苷三磷酸基因(ATPase)和组蛋白基因(His 3)4个基因序列对病原菌进行种类鉴定,采用菌丝生长速率法测定4种杀菌剂对病原菌的抑菌作用。结果表明,引起陇西县黄芩叶斑病的病原菌为茄链格孢(Alternaria solani)和细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),其中细极链格孢为优势病原菌;室内毒力测定表明,97%咯菌腈的抑菌作用最强,对茄链格孢(A. solani)和细极链格孢(A. tenuissima)均有较好的抑菌作用,EC₅₀分别为0.06和0.04 mg·L^-1。本研究在国内首次报道了茄链格孢(A. solani)和细极链格孢(A. tenuissima)是引起黄芩叶斑病的病原菌,可为科学诊断该病害、研究其发生规律和田间防治提供理论基础和科学依据。     

高职“食品微生物及检测”课程思政的探索与实践

针对高职院校农产品加工与质量检测专业的“食品微生物及检测”课程,积极探索课程思政建设,梳理设置课程思政目标、精心设计课程思政与专业教学内容衔接点。经过两年的课程思政教学实践,总结创新多种教学方法,建立融合课程思政的专业课程评价与考核体系。实践证明,学生的思政意识显著增强,成绩明显提高,取得了较好的教学效果。      

基于声发射技术的木材损伤过程监测

利用声发射测试和力学实验相结合的方法,研究了东北常见的阔叶材树种山杨在动态载荷下的声发射演变过程.研究发现径向纹理不通直的试件比通直的声发射撞击数要多,而且增加的趋势较快,但是在试件断裂前,声发射撞击数相差不大;随着时间和载荷的变化,声发射撞击数增加快慢可以体现材料在受力条件下的完全弹性、弹性为主和粘性为主的粘弹性共存3种状态;声发射信号的声发射率和上升时间可以预测材料开始断裂进入危险期的和材料大量纤维断裂进入严重危险期的2个“临界点”.     

检测实验室仪器设备管理工作

根据兽药检验机构在实验室认可工作中实验室仪器设备的管理现状,结合检测和校准实验室能力认可准则,对检测实验室仪器设备的规范化管理进行了探讨.     

Evaluation of a portable glucose meter for use in cattle and sheep

Background: In farm animal practice, determination of blood glucose concentration under field conditions is often necessary. Objective: As there is no portable glucose meter device developed for use in farm animals, the analytical accuracy of a portable glucometer designed for people was evaluated for its use in cattle and sheep. Methods: Blood samples from 90 cattle and 101 sheep were used in the study. Glucose concentration was determined in whole blood immediately after blood collection from the jugular vein with the One Touch Vita portable glucometer and in serum with an enzymatic colorimetric method. The agreement between methods was assessed by Passing and Bablok regression analysis. The precision and the accuracy of the measurements were determined using the concordance correlation coefficient. Results: There was a strong linear relationship between the glucose values obtained using the portable glucometer and those obtained by the bench method in both cattle and sheep. Precision was 95% for cattle and 88% for sheep, whereas accuracy was 92% and 99%, respectively. The mean glucose values obtained using the portable glucometer were significantly lower by 8.3% in cattle and 3.2% in sheep than those determined by the bench method. Conclusion: The One Touch Vita portable glucometer can be used in clinical practice to determine blood glucose concentrations in cattle and sheep, but reference intervals (RI) must be corrected to allow for negative bias. Based on these equations the RI for blood glucose in cattle and sheep using the portable glucometer were corrected to 1.84–4.17 and 2.41–4.35 mmol/L, respectively.     

Quantitative assessment of increased sensitivity of chronic laminitic horses to hoof tester evoked pain

Reasons for performing study: To evaluate quantitative sensory testing (QST) of the feet of laminitic horses using a power‐assisted hoof tester. Hypothesis: Hoof Compression Thresholds (HCTs) can be measured reliably and are consistently lower in horses with chronic laminitis than in normal horses. Methods: HCTs of chronic laminitic (n = 7) and normal horses (n = 7) were repeatedly measured using a hydraulically powered and feedback controlled hoof tester. Data from 2 tests, at 3 sites in both forefeet, during 3 sessions were collected and statistically analysed using linear mixed models. Results: The mean ± s.e. HCT for the laminitic horses was 29.6 ± 3.5 kg/cm² and for horses in the normal group was 59.8 ± 4.3 kg/cm². Residual variance was the largest of the error components and was greater (P<0.001) for the normal horses; none of the other components significantly differed between the 2 groups. Averaging of HCTs from each foot could produce a test with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.83 for the normal group and 0.87 for the laminitic group, with an estimated sensitivity of 0.94 and a specificity of 0.93. This test would permit detection with 80% power and 95% confidence of a reduction of over 40% in the difference in mean HCTs between laminitic and normal horses following effective treatment provided that the experimental groups are of 9 or more horses. Conclusions: HCTs can be safely and reliably measured experimentally using this hoof tester. The level of variability found indicates that, under these conditions, treatments may need to produce at least a 40% improvement to be detected. Simplification of the hoof tester, training of the horse and repeated testing may permit the method to be used clinically to detect changes in the HCTs of individual laminitic horses but these potential improvements will require further investigation. Potential relevance: Measurement of HCTs can provide an additional means for assessing the effectiveness of treatments for alleviation of chronic equine laminitis.     

应用STR基因座及mtDNA D-Loop区遗传标记联合进行中国德昌水牛单亲亲权鉴定

为了研究短串联重复序列(STR)基因座在亲权鉴定中的亲子关系相对概率及mtDNA D-Loop区遗传标记在单亲亲权鉴定中的应用,试验采用PCR技术扩增3头水牛BM2934、BM1862、ETH225、BM1818、INRA035、BM2113、CSRM60、TGLA227共8个STR基因座DNA,STR扩增产物经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测并计算单亲亲权指数(PI)和亲子关系相对概率(RCP),同时扩增3头水牛mtDNA D-Loop区基因片段并进行测序分析。结果表明:2头嫌疑后代中c1与母水牛m亲子关系概率为99.960 6%,两者mtDNA D-Loop区基因序列一致率为100%;微卫星基因座与mtDNA D-Loop区遗传标记检测结果一致,嫌疑后代c1为母水牛m的后代。说明STR基因座与mtDNA D-Loop区遗传标记均可用于单亲亲权鉴定,两种方法相结合提高了亲权鉴定的稳定性、准确性、灵敏度,鉴定范围更广,样品要求更低。