Effect of the Parameters of the Collimating Pipe on the Efficiency of Cutting Rock of Collimated Abrasive Water Jets

This paper applies economy principle to analyzing the principal agent model between client and property management company, the model is applied to putting forward three kinds of solutions contributing to solving the problems in present expenses collection of property management company.     

等壳水电站碾压混凝土重力坝非溢流坝段稳定渗流场有限元分析研究

通过建立等壳水电站的非溢流坝段的准三维有限元模型,模拟了坝体排水管和排水廊道、上下游防渗层、坝基灌浆帷幕、坝基排水管和排水廊道等,对正常蓄水位工况下坝体、坝基的渗流总水头、压力水头、渗透比降、坝基扬压力分布及渗流量进行了计算分析,验证了坝体和坝基的防渗排水措施的合理性。     

水电站进水塔结构分析方案研究

水电站进水塔结构的安全直接关系到整个电站的安全和效益。采用三维有限元法分别建立了实体单元模型和梁单元与实体单元混合模型,开展了静、动力分析研究,对两种模型的计算结果进行了对比。结果表明,水电站进水塔采用两种模型计算的结果呈现出相同的规律。水电站进水塔结构分析可采用以实体单元模拟的成果作为结构分析的基础,在前部拦污栅框架部分的内力分析和配筋计算上以梁系与实体联合模拟的成果作为有效补充,为工程设计提供更为科学合理的参考依据。     

广西园博园城市展园入口空间形态要素调查分析

从概述广西园博会与园博园出发,对入口空间的含义、构成入口空间的形态要素进行阐释,对园博园城市展园入口空间范围进行界定,介绍调查研究对象与方法;在此基础上,对广西园博园城市展园入口空间构成所主要涉及的形态要素,如植物、建筑、景墙、雕塑、小品、铺装等进行调查统计、分析论述。     

基于多光谱成像技术快速无损检测紫花苜蓿人工老化种子

种子老化是影响种子生产和储藏的重要因素,给农业生产带来了严重的经济损失,已成为影响种子活力中最具威胁性的因素之一。老化种子的检测以及种子老化后发芽情况的鉴定对种子生产具有重要意义,但目前常用的检测手段都是一次性、破坏性的。因此,一种快速、无损的种子老化和发芽检测方法不仅是研究的需要,也是种子行业进行种子检测分选所急需的。利用多光谱成像技术,采集紫花苜蓿种子的形态和光谱特征数据,利用LDA（线性判别分析）、SVM（支持向量机）和nCDA（归一化标准判别分析）3种多元分析方法,对不同老化程度苜蓿种子及其发芽情况分别进行分类和预测。结果表明,不同老化程度种子平均光谱反射率在470~660 nm处出现了明显的区别。LDA可以区分老化种子和未老化种子（准确度93.0%~97.7%）,也可以区分不同老化程度的种子（准确度75.3%~91.7%）,且均高于SVM的分类结果（准确度分别为92.4%~94.9%和68.7%~78.8%）;nCDA对老化种子进行区分的准确度高达88%~98%。同时,LDA可以准确预测发芽种子和不发芽种子,准确度可达98.7%,高于SVM的92.1%;nCDA预测老化种子发芽准确度达到了90%~99%。本研究证明了多光谱成像与分析技术不仅可以区分老化种子,也可以预测种子的发芽。上述结果证实多光谱成像技术结合多元分析为高效无损检测苜蓿种子活力提供了新途径,具有良好的应用前景。     

天山西部高山区夏季放牧草地4种重要牧草营养品质评价

为综合评价天山西部高山区夏季放牧草地4种重要牧草的营养品质,本研究设定在具有代表性的天山西部沙尔套山高山区(2800~3400 m)夏季牧场,对分布在该区域的重要优势种牧草线叶嵩草、细果苔草、西伯利亚羽衣草和高山地榆进行分析。通过对其营养价值、消化率的测定及体外产气模型参数的估计。结果表明,各牧草在粗纤维和粗脂肪含量上均无显著差异(P>0.05)。细果苔草的中性洗涤纤维(P=0.048)和酸性洗涤纤维(P=0.005)含量均最高。西伯利亚羽衣草粗灰分(P=0.037)含量最高,延滞时间(P=0.005)较长。高山地榆粗蛋白(P<0.0001)、钙(P=0.001)和磷(P=0.004)的含量均最高,且有机物消化率(P=0.003)、代谢能(P=0.001)、理论最大产气量(P=0.067)和产气速率(P=0.079)也最高。线叶嵩草仅干物质(P=0.001)含量最高。最后采用主成分分析法综合14项指标,评价出4种牧草的综合营养价值,按优劣排序为:高山地榆>西伯利亚羽衣草>线叶嵩草>细果苔草。     

3个构树无性系幼龄材纤维形态和化学成分分析

以人工培育的3个构树无性系幼龄材为试验材料,对其纤维形态和化学成分进行测定和分析,并揭示不同构树无性系幼龄材纤维形态和化学成分的变化规律.结果表明:构树1号木材的纤维长度和长宽比最大,分别为684.95 μm和57.51,构树3号木材的纤维长度和长宽比最小,分别为482.65 μm和34.73;3个构树无性系木材的纤维...     

Do forest and health professionals presume that forests offer health benefits,and is cross-sectional cooperation conceivable?

In high-income countries depression and cardiovascular diseases were predicted to be the two leading causes of DALYs in the year 2030. Private-life stress fosters both kinds of diseases. Scientific findings already show that forest exposure has stress-reducing effects. Particularly in Japan, people have practiced forest bathing to improve their health. The German population also has a strong connection to its forests, and forest law allows forest access, regardless of ownership structure. Hence, the question arises of whether forest exposure could be used in Germany as a kind of stress-coping strategy. To a certain degree, the success of such a strategy in Germany would require the participation of the stakeholders that are active in both the health and the forestry sectors. Therefore, it seems necessary to gain insight into German forest and health professionals' understanding and attitude concerning forest-related health benefits. For this reason, in this pilot study, guideline interviews with professionals of both sectors and with professionals standing in between these professions were conducted, recorded and transcribed. On the one hand, each professional’s presumptions regarding the health-fostering effects of forests were investigated, derived from their subjective certainty that forest exposure has health-fostering effects. In addition, a thought experiment was used to estimate the level of willingness to cooperate with each other in order to motivate people to be physically active in forests. For analysis, Mayring’s qualitative content analysis and a frequency analysis (MaxQDA) were applied. Findings show that most of the interviewed professionals presume forests to have health-fostering effects. Furthermore, something derived from the statements within the context of the thought experiment was that most professionals seem to be willing to cooperate with the other sector. Hence, it might be conceivable that forest exposure may be part of a German stress-coping strategy.     

植树挖坑机钻头主轴扭转振动数学建模与求解

介绍国内外机械化植树造林机械发展状况,指出国内植树用挖坑机研究重点,利用空间运动学和机械振动理论以及弹性动力学原理着重分析建立钻头主轴扭转振动模型并用数值方法进行求解,同时系统地分析钻头主轴下端部件与土壤的相互作用力、钻头主轴重力及惯性力等因素的影响,给出动态的准随机边界条件和初始条件.为下一步的钻头动力学特性仿真及整机动态特性研究,合理预测和控制钻头的运动规律,改善钻头的动力学特性,提高钻头工作效率及改进设计方法提供新的理论依据.     

稻麦玉米秸秆残留还田量定量估算方法及应用

为了解秸秆残留还田是秸秆直接还田的基本形式。该文通过逐步推导,给出了秸秆残留还田量定量估算的系列公式,并将秸秆残留还田量定量估算建立在5个参数的基础上,即农作物平均株高、收割留茬高度、叶部生物量比例、枝叶脱落率和秸秆机械收集损失率;以实地调查为基础,结合对试验数据收集整理,给出了小麦、玉米、水稻三大农作物秸秆残留还田量定量估算的参数体系,并估算出了三大农作物的秸秆残留还田量,分别为7 106.92、4 543.48和6 392.95万t,合计为18 043.35万t,占三大农作物的秸秆总产量的31.13%;三大作物人工收获秸秆残留还田量为1724.47万t,机械收获秸秆残留还田量为16 318.88万t,后者是前者的9.46倍;进而以农作物面积为权重,推算出全国的秸秆残留还田量为25 330.08万t,计算出单位面积耕地的残留还田量为1.87 t/hm2,与基本还田量的最低需求3.0 t/hm2相比尚需增加60%以上,与基本还田量的一般需求4.5 t/hm2相比尚需增加1.41倍。论文最后指出了秸秆残留还田量定量估算需要继续深入开展的主要研究工作:一是开展更广泛的田间实测,进一步提高小麦、玉米、水稻三大农作物秸秆残留还田量定量估算参数的精准度,尤其是收割留茬高度和秸秆机械收集损失率这两大参数的精准度,以便更确切地估算三大农作物的秸秆残留还田量;二是针对棉花、大豆、油菜等主要经济作物进行秸秆残留还田量定量估算研究,建立全国主要粮经作物秸秆残留还田量定量估算的参数体系;三是建立区域性的秸秆残留还田量定量估算的参数体系,逐步实现各区域秸秆残留还田量的定量估算。