大体积混凝土裂缝原因分析及控制技术

随着基础建设的迅速发展,大体积混凝土应用越来越多,混凝土在现代桥梁工程建设中已经占据了非常重要的地位,因为该建筑材料价廉物美、施工方便、承载力大、可装饰强的特点,日益受到广泛的应用。     

Fire-retardant and smoke-suppressant performance of an intumescent waterborne amino-resin fire-retardant coating for wood

An intumescent waterborne amino-resin fire-retardant coating for wood (C) was synthesized and its fire-retardant and smoke-suppressant properties were investigated. The main film-builder of C was urea-formaldehyde resin blended with polyvinyl acetate resin. The intumescent fire-retardant system of C consisted of guanylurea phosphate (GUP), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), pentaerythritol (PER) and melamine (MEL). Specimens of plywood painted, respectively, with a commercial intumescent fire-retardant coating (A), a synthesized coating (C), and the main film-builder of coating C (B), as well as an unpainted plywood (S-JHB), were analyzed by cone calorimetry (CONE). The results show a marked decrease in the heat release rate (HRR) and the total heat release (THR), an increased mass of residual char (Mass), a marked postponement in time to ignition (TTI) and a reduced carbon monoxide production rate (P _CO). The smoke production rate (SPR) and total smoke production (TSP) of the plywood painted with coating C were observed with the CONE test. The overall fire-retardant and smoke-suppressant performance of the synthesized coating C was much better than that of the commercial coating A. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) results of coating C and its film-builder B indicated that the thermal degradation process of B was slowed down by the addition of the intumescent fire-retardant system; the increase in the amount of charring of coating C was considerable. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(12): 117–121 [译自: 林业科学]     

管式原油加热炉设计应注意的几个问题

阐述了管式原油加热炉的工作原理,指出提高管式加热炉热效率的最有效的办法是合理降低过量空气系数和排烟温度,降低排烟温度的最佳途径是增加原油的对流受热面,而不是增设空气预热器。认为以预先设定加热炉辐射室热负荷的办法来设计加热炉,可以大幅度降低设计工作量。分析结果表明,采用小管径翅片管是对流受热面设计的最佳选择。     

乐都县林业生态建设对森林资源的影响及分析

本文通过对乐都县林业生态建设和森林资源的调查,分析1990年至2005年间森林资源动态变化的原因.     

苜蓿干草调制过程中群体特征对粗蛋白质含量的通径分析

通径分析表明,苜蓿干草在调制过程中含水量与粗蛋白质之间的相关关系主要是通过中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和叶片损失率的间接影响产生的;NDF与粗蛋白质的相关关系,直接作用和通过叶片损失率的间接作用各占50%,并且通过含水量所起的作用为正效应;叶片损失率与粗蛋白质含量的相关关系,主要是直接作用(占56.0%)和通过NDF的间接作用(占54.5%)所引起的.     

铜热电阻平均温度传感器研究与分析

油罐中石油及其液体产品的平均温度测量不准，将直接影响着液体体积的测量精度。从油罐储量对温度测量的要求出发，介绍了铜热电阻平均温度传感器的结构，通过理论分析，指出了提高精度的途径。     

机器人稳态分析的一种新方法

提出一种机器人稳态分析新方法,以D-H矩阵的逆矩阵,构建由工具坐标系到机械臂关节空间坐标系之间的线性射映关系,即一种新型的雅可比矩阵,由此导出由工具坐标系到关节坐标系之间力和力矩的传递函数。和传统的稳态分析方法相比,减少矩阵叉积次数,且能得出和关节空间力和力矩关系相一致的表态式,并能用D-H矩阵验证求解的正确性。     

Spatial and temporal analysis of coffee wilt disease caused by Fusarium xylarioides in Coffea canephora

Coffee wilt disease (CWD) caused by Fusarium xylarioides, considered to be a soil-inhabiting fungus, is endemic in several African countries, affecting commercially important coffee species and causing serious economic losses. Coffee wilt disease development in naturally infected Coffea canephora fields at the Coffee Research Institute in Uganda was assessed from April 2001 to March 2006 to generate information about temporal and spatial spread of the disease. Maps of diseased trees were also generated from the data. Semi-variance analysis was performed on the data to show the spatio-temporal structure of disease. Host influence on the spatio-temporal structure was deduced from the distribution pattern of diseased and healthy trees and analysis of variance. Results show that the temporal disease epidemic progress was slow. The disease was found to spread from initial infections to healthy neighbouring trees, resulting in an aggregated pattern. An infected tree could infect up to three healthy trees away, in any direction. Disease foci formed and expanded with time, coalescing but punctuated in spots planted with resistant hosts. There were varying levels of susceptibility among host genotypes, affecting the rates and levels of epidemic development. The implications of the findings to the control of CWD are discussed.     

Characterizing rangeland vegetation using Landsat and 1-mm VLSA data in central Wyoming (USA)

As an alternative to ground-cover data collection by conventional and expensive sampling techniques, we compared measurements obtained from very large scale aerial (VLSA) imagery for calibrating moderate resolution Landsat data. Using a grid-based sampling scheme, 162 VLSA images were acquired at 100 m above ground level. The percent vegetation cover in each photo was derived using SamplePoint (a manual inventory method) and VegMeasure (a reflectance based, automated method). Approximately two-thirds of the VLSA images were used for calibrating Landsat data while the remainder was used for validation. Regression models with Landsat bands accounted for 55% of the VegMeasure-based measurements of vegetation, whereas models that included both Landsat bands and elevation data accounted for 67%. The relationship between the Landsat bands and the percent vegetation cover measured by SamplePoint was lower (R ² = 20%), highlighting the differences between the inventory and reflectance based protocols. Results from the model validation indicated that the model’s predictive power was lower when the vegetation cover was either <20% or >55%. Additional work is needed in these ecosystems to improve the calibration techniques for sites with low and high vegetation cover; however, these results demonstrate the VLSA imagery could be used for calibrating Landsat data and deriving rangeland vegetation cover. By adopting such methodologies the US Federal land management agencies can increase the efficiency of the monitoring programs in Wyoming and in other western states of the US. Mention of trade names is for information only and does not imply endorsement by USDA over comparable products or services.