Accumulation and Mobility of Salts in Soil as Influenced by Primary Biomethanated Spentwash

A soil column laboratory experiment was carried out at the central campus, Mahatma Phule Agricultural University, Rahuri, India during 2008–2009 to study the accumulation and mobility of salts in Typic Haplusterts as influenced by primary biomethanated spentwash (PBSW). The PBSW was applied in three different levels (0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 cm) and then tap water with low salinity and low sodium hazard (C₁S₁ class) was used to carry out leaching in four different levels of water at the pore volume of soil (WPVS) (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0). The electrical conductivity (EC) in the soil increased significantly with increasing levels of PBSW and decreased with increasing levels of WPVS in surface (0–15 cm deep) and subsurface (15–30 cm deep) soil layers. The exchangeable calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and potassium (K⁺) increased, whereas exchangeable sodium (Na⁺) decreased with increasing levels of PBSW and WPVS in surface and subsurface layers of soil. The organic carbon content increased with increasing levels of PBSW and decreased with increasing levels of WPVS in both the soil layers. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased with increasing levels of PBSW and WPVS in both the soil layers. The exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) decreased with increasing levels of PBSW and WPVS over the initial values of soil in both the layers. The pH of saturated paste (pHs) was reduced and electrical conductivity of extract (ECe) was increased with increasing levels of PBSW and WPVS in both the layers. The Na⁺ content of saturation paste extract increased significantly with increasing levels of PBSW and WPVS in both the soil layers.     

教育全球化背景下,从中美学校图书馆看两国教育差异

从教育全球化背景出发,着眼于中美学校图书馆在发展现状、馆员职业准入资格、馆员素质之间存在的重大差异,对中美两国在教育理念之间的差异入手,对图书馆的产生、发展和教育之间的关系进行深入分析,进一步讨论在全球化背景和信息时代中小学图书馆如何配合我国的素质教育发展进行改革。     

Effect of early infection on pathotype frequencies in barley powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) populations in field plots

A field experiment with barley powdery mildew ( Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei ) was designed in order to study how the time of arrival of inoculum in the field influenced pathotype frequencies in the resulting populations. Three isolates belonging to pathotypes that were absent or rare in the local aerial inoculum were used to inoculate field plots of winter barley cv. Plaisant. Two successive inoculations with different combinations of the three isolates were performed with an approximately two-generation delay, and frequencies of inoculated pathotypes were assessed four and nine generations after the first inoculation. Pathotypes of the first inoculated isolates generally persisted throughout the period of sampling; this is described as an 'early arrival' effect. During the epidemics the inoculated isolates were not replaced by isolates from the natural airborne inoculum. Pathotype frequencies depended mainly on the time of arrival of inoculum in the plot, but frequencies also depended on the isolate that had been inoculated. The most frequent isolate, GL1, belonged to the clonal lineage dominant in powdery mildew populations on winter barley in the north of France. These results confirmed that the composition of a powdery mildew population in a field is largely determined by the composition of the initial inoculum.     

PET/CT FOLLOWING INTENSITY-MODULATED RADIATION THERAPY FOR PRIMARY LUNG TUMOR IN A DOG

A primary lung tumor in a dog treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy was imaged approximately 6 weeks and 1-year posttreatment with combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography, utilizing the radiotracers 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18F-fluorothymidine. These two tracers allowed discrimination of tumor from inflammation, and demonstrated spread of tumor along airways over time after treatment. Fusion of functional imaging with anatomic imaging is a useful tool, particularly in the field of oncology, with the potential for PET markers that delineate tumor from normal or reactive tissue, and potential or actual response to therapy.     

Expression of receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR-1 (FLT-1), VEGFR-2 (KDR), EGFR-1, PDGFRa and c-Met in canine primary brain tumours

Inhibition of tumour growth and angiogenesis by targeting key growth factor receptors is a promising therapeutic strategy for central nervous system tumours. Characterization of these growth factor receptors in canine primary brain tumours has not been done. Using quantitative real‐time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we evaluated the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for five tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor [VEGFR]‐1, VEGFR‐2, endothelial growth factor receptor [EGFR]‐1, platelet‐derived growth factor receptor a [PDGFRa], and c‐Met) relative to normal cerebral cortex in 66 spontaneous canine primary brain tumours. Increased expression of VEGFR‐1 and VEGFR‐2 mRNA was greatest in grade IV astrocytomas (glioblastoma multiforme) and grade III (anaplastic) oligodendrogliomas. EGFR‐1 mRNA expression was more consistently increased than the other receptors in all tumour types, while increased PDGFRa mRNA expression was mostly restricted to oligodendrogliomas. The similarities in increased expression of these tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors in these canine tumours, as compared to data from their human counterparts, suggest that common molecular mechanisms may be present.     

Primary lens luxation in the Chinese Shar Pei: clinical and hereditary characteristics

A pedigree analysis of a family of 15 related Chinese Shar Peis was conducted. This pedigree analysis, including affected and nonaffected dams, sires and offspring, was compiled to document and characterize the occurrence, common clinical signs, and age of onset of primary lens luxation while suggesting a possible mode of inheritance in this breed. Of the five offspring from the mating of an affected dam to two unrelated affected males, 100% of offspring were affected with bilateral primary lens luxations. Of the four viable offspring from the mating of the same affected dam to an unrelated, unaffected male, two dogs (50%) were affected. The average age of onset of affected animals (seven) in this first generation was 4.9 years (range 3–6 years). The six dogs in the second generation of the same pedigree line were 2-years-old at examination with none of these animals affected at the time of this study. The most common presenting complaints were a unilateral change in ocular appearance (5 of 7 dogs) and subjective vision impairment (4 of 7 dogs). The most common clinical sign upon ophthalmic examination was iridodonesis (unilateral 4 of 7 dogs; bilateral 3 of 7 dogs) and the presence of an aphakic crescent (3 of 7 dogs). Gonioscopy and tonometry of severely affected eyes revealed a narrow or closed iridocorneal angle and ocular hypertension. This study suggests that primary lens luxation does occur in the Chinese Shar Pei, resembling the clinical condition (age of onset, clinical signs) previously described in the terrier breeds, the Border Collie, and the Tibetan Terrier. Application of the phenotypic findings in this study to a Mendelian genetic model of inheritance suggests that primary lens luxation in the Chinese Shar Pei is inherited as a simple autosomal recessive trait.     

浅谈市政道路石灰土基层施工

笔者从石灰土在道路施工中的重要性出发,分析市政道路石灰土基层施工的前期准备工作,并介绍了市政道路石灰土基层施工工艺流程,最后分析了特殊季节道路石灰土基层施工的注意事项。     

对乙酰氨基酚对大鼠原代肝细胞的损伤机制

胶原酶两步灌流法获取SD大鼠的原代肝细胞,并用不同剂量的对乙酰氨基酚处理.MTT法测定肝细胞的存活率,分光光度法测定培养上清液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的含量.Western blotting法测定大鼠肝细胞中细胞色素P450酶2E1(CYP2E1)的表达水平.结果表明,对乙酰氨基酚可导致肝细胞存活率降低,LDH含量显著升高,CYP2E1表达增加.说明达到一定的剂量时.对乙酰氨基酚可引起肝细胞的损伤.     

柔嫩艾美球虫（Eimeria tenella）体外细胞培养

试验比较了玻璃珠层析法，ＤＥＡＥ纤维素层析法，Ｇ３漏斗过滤法３种提纯柔嫩艾美球虫（Ｅｉｍｅｒｉａｔｅｎｅｌｌａ）子孢子的方法，柱高８ｃｍ，直径２００μｍ的玻璃株柱用ｐＨ８．０的Ｒｉｎｇｅｒ’ｓ缓冲液作洗脱提纯子孢子，回收率为６４．１％，子孢子洗脱高峰期集中，且易于无菌操作，柱高５ｃｍ的ＤＥＡＥ纤维素柱用ｐＨ８．０的甘氨酸缓冲液作洗脱液，提纯子孢子回收率为６３．２％，但严格无菌操作困难，Ｇ３漏斗法易