东乡野生稻渗入系苗期抗旱遗传及生理机制初步分析

以强抗旱性的巴西旱稻、东乡野生稻和弱抗旱性的栽培稻协青早B为对照品种,以基于萎蔫率的抗旱等级为鉴定指标,采用苗期反复自然干旱鉴定法和20%PEG6000模拟干旱法,对江西东乡普通野生稻(Oryza rufi-pogon)/协青早B//协青早B构建的回交重组自交系(Backcross inbred lines,BIL)群体(BC1F9)进行苗期抗旱机理及遗传分析。结果表明:230个BC1F9 BIL群体经2次反复自然干旱后,在1/2MS营养液恢复生长的平均抗旱等级分别为3.76和4.39,萎蔫率呈连续正态分布,暗示东乡野生稻苗期抗旱性表现为质量-数量性状遗传性状特征。将干旱处理一次后等级为1级的14个株系,在20%PEG6000模拟干旱条件下进行处理,结果与反复干旱二次后结果一致,株系1112、1168、1172和1315为强抗旱基因渗入系,可进一步用于抗旱基因的挖掘与利用。在20%PEG6000模拟干旱条件下,强抗旱性株系1112苗期叶片的可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量和SOD活性增加幅度都大于弱抗旱性株系1323,GSH含量下降幅度则低于弱抗旱株系,说明强抗旱株系渗透物质比弱抗旱株系积累快且幅度大,而细胞膜过氧化产物...     

万佛湖初级生产力和鱼产力的评估与分析

利用浮游生物计数法和黑白瓶测氧法对万佛湖的初级生产力进行测定,并以此对万佛湖鲢、鳙鱼产量进行测算.结果表明,浮游生物计数法评估万佛湖鲢、鳙鱼产力达1100～2000t,黑白瓶法评估鱼产力为2200t.比万佛湖实际产量高很多,说明水库的鱼产力尚未达到上限.     

结球甘蓝-大白菜异源三倍体与结球甘蓝回交获得初级三体的研究

采用结球甘蓝-大白菜异源三倍体与二倍体结球甘蓝回交的方式,从回交后代BC2中获得了1株2n+1非整倍体植株.经细胞学和SSR鉴定分析,确认该2n+1植株为结球甘蓝8号初级三体.通过对8号初级三体植株自交和回交后代染色体数目的测定,明确了其额外染色体雌、雄配子的传递率分别为34.74％和6.17％.     

基于超效DEA模型的泛珠三角区第一产业生产效率评价

运用超效DEA模型对泛珠三角区第一产业效率进行评价.研究结果显示广东省第一产业生产效率最高;分年度广东省第一产业Malmquist生产率指数及分解指标表明,2001-2004技术进步平均增长率达到了1.78％;1999-2003的规模效率平均增长率达到3.12％;1999-2010的纯技术效率平均增长率达到3.37％.对泛珠三角区内其他各省第一产业发展提出了相应建议.     

基于帕累托图的卷烟制丝工艺质量分析

为提高卷烟制丝工艺质量,本文选取某卷烟厂制丝部工艺质量的统计数据,采用帕累托图进行质量因素分类统计,并结合人、机、料、法、环进行鱼骨图分析,探究工艺质量问题的原因。研究表明:与"机"相关的质量问题占比达到62%,包括数采异常、设备故障和测温仪异常等;其次是人、料、环、法环节,包括参数调控、料头水分、天气变化和考核方法等。因此,在制丝过程中,应重点加强设备的保养和巡察,强化操作人员的管理和培训,确保设备正常、稳定运行,才能提升卷烟制丝工艺质量。     

自然植被净第一性生产力模型的改进

在Miami模型和Thornthwaite模型的基础上，采用直接搜索法改进了自然植被净第一性生产力模型，该模型优于Miami模型和Thornthwaite模型，便于估算自然植被的净第一性生产力，为合理利用气候资源，充分发挥气候生产潜力，最大限度地提高植物的产量提供了理论依据。     

珠三角河网初级生产力时空差异及其影响因素

为评价珠三角河网初级生产力,于2015年3月、6月、9月、12月对其进行取样调查,采用多元统计方法研究初级生产力时空差异及其与环境因素关系。结果表明,珠三角河网初级生产力(碳,C)为98.81~927.21mg·(m~2·d)~(-1),均值为346.51 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1)。调查区域初级生产力季节变化明显,总体上表现为春季冬季夏季秋季。各站位初级生产力均值以珠江桥站位最高[600.61 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1)],市桥站位最低[232.60 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1)]。初级生产力与透明度、氮磷营养盐、叶绿素a呈正相关关系(P0.01,n=52),与硅酸盐呈负相关关系(P0.01,n=52),与水体富营养化综合指数(EI)呈线性相关关系。珠三角河网以中营养、富营养为主体,与其他水域相比,初级生产力较低,污染程度较严重,需防止其向富养化发展。     

Epidermal proteases of the Japanese eel

A fluorescent-sensitive assay was used to demonstrate the protease activity in the dorsal skin of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Two distinct extracts were separately prepared from skin mucus and epidermal cell layers, with no mutual contamination. The epidermal extract was sensitive to various substrates, whereas there was no, or only marginal, susceptibility to the same substrates for the mucous extract. Optimum hydrolysis pHs of the epidermal extract was variable and below pH 7.0, and the optimum hydrolysis temperatures were between 40 and 50 °C. In addition, Tos-Phe-Ch₂Cl, chymostatin, CdCl₂, CuCl₂, HgCl₂ and ZnCl₂ inhibited protease activities to different extents. Several other reagents specifically affected the protease activities, and their induced effects were useful for the identification of epidermal proteases. The findings indicate that a proteolytic factor, exhibiting various enzymological specificities, is retained within epidermal cell layers of Japanese eel. This factor is composed of 4 distinct proteases, such as cathepsins L and B-like proteases, a serine protease and an aminopeptidase.     

大连地区仿刺参养殖池塘叶绿素a分布和初级生产力估算

于2007、2008年每年的3-11月,对大连沿海地区的仿刺参养殖池塘叶绿素a含量进行了调查,并对初级生产力进行了估算.结果表明,大连沿海各地区的仿刺参养殖池塘中叶绿素a年均含量为2.11～5.40 mg/m3,最高值出现在2007年8月的庄河,平均值为12.96 mg/m3,最低值出现在2007年3月的旅顺附近,平均值为0.17 mg/m3.仿刺参养殖池塘中初级生产力的年均值为111.38～272.58 mg/(m2 · d),最高值出现在2007年6月的瓦房店复州湾地区,平均值为602.72 mg/(m2 · d),最低值出现在2007年3月的旅顺附近,平均值为16.47 mg/(m2 · d).     

Fluorescence localization of epidermal cathepsins L and B in the Japanese eel

Histochemical localization of proteolytic activities in the dorsal epidermis of Japanese eel was demonstrated by fluorescent microscopy utilizing 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (4M$\beta$NA) derivatives as substrates and 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde as a trapping agent. Carbobenzoxy-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-4M$\beta$NA (Cbz-Phe-Arg-4M$\beta$NA) and Cbz-Arg-Arg-4M$\beta$NA were used for direct detection of cathepsins L and B activities, respectively, in fresh frozen sections and unfixed cells of the eel epidermis. The fluorescing areas, where Cbz-Phe-Arg-4M$\beta$NA was hydrolyzed by cathepsin L, were shown in mucus secretory cells and club cells and broadly around skin surface. The fluorescing areas due to Cbz-Arg-Arg-4M$\beta$NA hydrolysis by cathepsin B were localized similarly in these tissues. The fluorescing intensity for both catheptic activities in mucus secretory cells was higher than that in club cells, where small fluorescing granules were distributed. These results indicate that eel cathepsins L and B are stored in epidermal secretory cells at different levels and probably serve as defense factors before or after secretion by these cells. Abbreviations: Cbz – carbobenzoxy; 4M$\beta$NA – 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide; NSA – 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde.