农业灌溉用水价格改革探讨

目前我国农业用水存在诸多问题，水资源供需矛盾十分突出。为此，通过我国水价变革情况、水价实施种类的分析，提出了农业灌溉用水价格调整的原则，以促进水资源的可持续开发和利用。     

2013年内蒙古奶业发展分析

本文从乳品生产、牛奶价格、养殖结构以及优质饲草行业发展等4个方面,分析了2013年内蒙古奶业发展情况,认为当地奶业发展在进入转型调整期后,受国内、国际乳品市场价格和供求力量对比等因素影响,奶牛养殖行业结构升级与生产稳定之间存在微妙的动态平衡,乳品加工企业更加倾向于高盈利性产品市场的开拓。虽然产业自身及其外部都存在不确定性因素,但内蒙古奶业总体仍处于上升发展阶段。建议政府和金融机构加快理念转换,创新服务产品,为奶业发展营造更加稳定有利的外部环境。     

橡胶产业现状与展望——2012年中国橡胶年会综述

对2012年橡胶年会上专家发表的观点进行综合,主要观点有:下游产业对橡胶的需求较为稳定;国内合成橡胶行业集中度高,产能过剩;影响天然橡胶供应的因素主要有种植面积、气候变化、地力、劳动力、政府政策、市场价格,未来几年增产空间小;国内天然橡胶产业由于基础设施投入少、科技转化率较低、政策扶持力度小等原因,未来发展困难多;投机行为对天然橡胶价格波动有重要的作用,轮胎企业应当加强价格风险的防范措施等。     

The effect of life history events on carcass merit and price of cull dairy cows

Cull dairy cows contribute almost 10% of national beef production in the United States. However, different factors throughout the life of dairy cows affect their weight and overall body condition as well as carcass traits, and consequently affect their market price. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: (1) to assess relationships between price ratio and carcass merit of cull dairy cows sold through several sites of an auction market and (2) to investigate the effect of animal life history events and live weight on sale barn price (BP) and price ratio (as a measure of relative price), as an indicator of carcass merit. Data from 4 dairy operations included 3,602 cull dairy cow records during the period of 2015 to 2019. Life history events data were collected from each dairy operation through Dairy Comp software; live weight and price were obtained periodically from the auction market, and the carcass data were provided by a local packing plant. Cow price in dollars per unit of live weight ($/cwt) and price ratio were the 2 outcome variables used in the analyses. Price ratio was created aiming to remove seasonality effects from BP (BP divided by the national average price for its respective month and year of sale). The association between price ratio and carcass merit traits was investigated using canonical correlation analysis, and the effect of life history events on both BP and price ratio was inferred using a multiple linear regression technique. More than 70% of the cows were culled in the first 3 lactations, with an average live weight of 701.5 kg, carcass weight of 325 kg, and dressing percentage of 46.3%. On average, cull cows were sold at $57.0/cwt during the period considered. The canonical correlation between price ratio and carcass merit traits was 0.76, indicating that price ratio reflected carcass merit of cull cows. Later lactations led to lower BP compared with cows culled during the first 2 lactations. Injury, and leg and feet problems negatively affected BP. Productive variables demonstrated that the greater milk production might lead to lower cow prices. A large variation between farms was also noted. In conclusion, price ratio was a good indicator of carcass merit of cull cows, and life history events significantly affected sale BP and carcass merit of cull cows sold through auction markets.     

松脂采集权转让价确定方法初探

阐述了松脂采集权是森林资源产权的重要组成，其转让价由松林资源培育成本和管护费用分摊，森林资源附属设施和设备等投资分摊，松脂生产对木材生产造成的损失构成，并提出了其计算方法和应用建议。     

施工阶段全过程造价控制

施工阶段全过程造价控制是指造价工程师在整个施工阶段,对工程造价整体实施动态的、事先的、主动的造价控制。要规范管理,按设定流程操作,把握审查重点,传统法与创新法结合,对施工阶段全过程进行造价控制。     

农用地估价方法综述

农用地估价的常用方法有：收益还原法、收益倍数法、成本法、假设开发法、市场比较法、影子价格法、享乐定价法、土壤潜力估价法、标准田法等。这些估价方法对我国农用地的可操作性、适用范围．学术界有不同的看法，文章对这些观点进行了综述与分析。     

从价格角度看我国木工机械走向国际市场的开发方向

从2004年米兰国际木工机械展览会展出的发达国家低档木工机械的市场价格分析出发，分析我国和发达国家木工机械的差距，从中探索我国木工机械走向国际市场的新产品开发方向，提出我国木工机械走进国际市场后，其产品开发的新设想。     

农业用水定价政策绩效评估研究进展

阐述了国内外农业用水定价政策绩效评估的研究进展。国外研究方面,从绩效评估基本理论出发,在介绍公共政策绩效评估方法的基础上,对农业用水定价政策绩效评估取得的研究成果进行论述;国内研究方面,首先从我国农业用水现状和农业水价定价机制上进行分析,然后就农业水价对农业生产绩效影响的研究成果进行探讨,最后综述分析国内外研究成果,提出了农业用水定价政策绩效评估有待深入研究的若干议题。     

基于经济博弈视角的奶牛合作社原奶价格分析

为了解析近年来中国奶牛合作社利润随着牛奶产量的增加利益不增反降的现象,从经济博弈论的角度出发,根据宏升村奶牛合作社具体情况,通过建立Bertrand模型,分析了牛奶利润减少的经济学原因：同质性的牛奶在供给大于需求的情况下,逐渐演变成合作社之间的成本战,合作社利润趋于0.为了转变这种情况,在不退市的前提下只有改变牛奶的同质性才能转亏为盈.合作社应当积极采用新技术新方法,努力提高牛奶品质以摆脱成本战的困境,在市场中占据优势地位.