不同棉花品种早衰及红叶发生情况调查

[目的]明确不同棉花品种早衰发生情况及红叶的发生原因,为生产上棉花品种的合理布局提供依据.[方法]调查棉花早衰原因,对采集样品进行理化性质分析.[结果]调查发现,棉花早衰的发生情况比较普遍,早衰对产量造成的损失达40;以上;引起早衰主要原因是品种抗病性差以及肥水不足;气温的急剧变化是造成棉花红叶的诱因;叶片检测发现正常棉叶中全氮、全磷、全钾含量比红叶中增加37.6;、20;和9.7;,微量元素差距不明显;土样检测发现正常棉叶田所采土样中全氮、全钾含量比红叶田土样减少34.7;和13.9;.[结论]抗病性差的品种容易发生病理性早衰,肥水不足容易造成生理性早衰;棉花红叶是由于气温的急剧降低导致棉花根部受激,吸收养分能力降低,氮磷钾含量降低,影响叶片同化效率所致.     

Relationship between MMP-9 and iNOS expression in fetal membranes from the patients with premature rupture of the membranes

AIM: To investigate the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the fetal membranes from the patients with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM), and to analyze the relationship between the MMP-9 and iNOS expression. METHODS: Sixty pregnant women who had delivered by cesarean section before labor in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from April 2010 to January 2011 were enrolled in the study and were divided into 3 groups: term premature rupture of the membranes group (tPROM), preterm premature rupture of the membranes group (pPROM), and control group (healthy term pregnancy). Immuno histochemical method was used to detect the expression levels of MMP-9 and iNOS, and analyze their variability and relevance. The level of MMP-9 were detected in serum and amniotic fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fetal membranes were identified by hematoxylin eosin staining to determine infectious group and noninfectious group. The relationship between MMP-9/iNOS expression and chorioamnionitis was also analyzed. RESULTS: The expression levels of MMP-9 in fetal membrane cells, serum and amniotic fluid in tPROM group and pPROM group were higher than those in control group (P<0.01). The expression level of iNOS in pPROM group was higher than that in control group (P<0.01). The expression levels of MMP-9 (P<0.05) and iNOS (P<0.01) in the patients with chorioamnionitis were higher than those in the patients without chorioamnionitis. MMP-9 in the fetal membranes had positive correlation with iNOS (r=0.476, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The overexpression of MMP-9 and iNOS may correlate with pPROM and chorioamnionitis. MMP-9 and iNOS may play associative roles in the process of premature rupture of the membranes.     

Twenty-four hour Holter monitoring of unsedated healthy cats in the home environment

Objective

To determine the heart rate, rhythm, number of ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) and atrial premature complexes (APCs) in unsedated cats using Holter monitoring.

Animals, materials and methods

Twenty-three healthy client owned cats were used. Clinical examination, blood pressure measurements, echocardiographic examination and serum biochemical analysis were performed. A lightweight Holter was used in the home environment.

Results

Three-lead electrocardiographic registrations of good quality were obtained from all cats. Normal sinus rhythm was present in all cats. The median heart rate was 165 beats per minute (bpm), range 70-303 bpm. Mean heart rate varied significantly with age and gender. Sinus arrhythmia occurred intermittently in 18 cats (78%). Uncommon ventricular premature complexes occurred in 18 (78%) of the cats. The median number of VPCs per cat was 3 complexes/24 h period, range 0-146. Cats 7-15 years of age had significantly more VPCs than cats 1-6 years of age (median 6 versus 1 per 24 h period, p = 0.04). A single APC occurred in one cat (4%).

Conclusions

Cats commonly have intermittent sinus arrhythmia. Many healthy cats have rare single VPCs per 24 h period. Old cats have significantly more VPCs than young cats. The heart rate varies significantly with age and gender.     

Cytoprotective Potential of Fucoxanthin in Oxidative Stress-Induced Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Senescence In Vivo and In Vitro

Oxidative stress is identified as a major inducer of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell dysregulation and is associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The protection of RPE disorders plays an essential role in the pathological progress of retinal degeneration diseases. The pharmacological functions of fucoxanthin, a characteristic carotenoid, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, may ameliorate an outstanding bioactivity against premature senescence and cellular dysfunction. This study demonstrates that fucoxanthin protects RPE cells from oxidative stress-induced premature senescence and decreased photoreceptor cell loss in a sodium iodate-induced AMD animal model. Similarly, oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide, nuclear phosphorylated histone (γH2AX) deposition and premature senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining were inhibited by fucoxanthin pretreatment in a human RPE cell line, ARPE-19 cells. Results reveal that fucoxanthin treatment significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and increased the mitochondrial metabolic rate in oxidative stress-induced RPE cell damage. Moreover, atrophy of apical microvilli was inhibited in cells treated with fucoxanthin after oxidative stress. During aging, the RPE undergoes well-characterized pathological changes, including amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression and tight junction disruption, which were also reduced in fucoxanthin-treated groups by immunofluorescence. Altogether, pretreatment with fucoxanthin may protect against premature senescence and cellular dysfunction in retinal cells by oxidative stress in experimental AMD animal and human RPE cell models.     

不同放栓处理对FSH超排奶山羊发生未成熟黄体退化的影响

对24只关中奶山羊采用“促卵泡素+前列腺素+孕酮”激素组合进行超排。依据不同的放栓处理,将其分为2组,每组12只。组Ⅰ在放栓后第15天早去栓,组Ⅱ在首次放栓后的第8天早换新栓,并于第15天晚去栓。结果表明:两组间平均黄体数和平均采胚数差异均不显著(P>0.05);两组间平均大卵泡数差异显著(P<0.05)。组Ⅰ有3只山羊发生未成熟黄体退化现象,2只伴有大卵泡;组Ⅱ有2只山羊发生未成熟黄体退化现象,且伴有大卵泡。对正常黄体和未成熟退化黄体的结构分析发现,未成熟退化黄体的特点是各种类型细胞萎缩,细胞间存在大量胶原纤维;大黄体细胞占优势,而小黄体细胞、成纤维细胞和上皮细胞很少见。     

芹菜遗传育种研究进展

芹菜是喜冷凉的蔬菜作物,在冬春季栽培中易受环境条件及自身遗传因素影响产生未熟抽薹现象,导致品质下降。现从未熟抽薹、雄性不育、分子标记、生物技术、抗病育种及新品种选育等方面对芹菜遗传育种进行综述,并对今后研究进行展望。     

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome and ceftriaxone in premature calves

The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome (CFQ) and ceftriaxone (CTX) following intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administrations in premature calves. Using a parallel design, 24 premature calves were randomly divided into the two antibiotic groups. Each of the six animals in the first group received CFQ (2 mg/kg) through IV or IM administration. The second group received CTX (20 mg/kg) via the same administration route. Plasma concentrations of the drugs were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography and noncompartmental methods. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters of CFQ and CTX following IV administration were as follows: elimination half‐life (t_1/2λz) 1.85 and 3.31 hr, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC_0–∞) 15.74 and 174 hr * μg/ml, volume of distribution at steady‐state 0.37 and 0.45 L/kg, and total body clearance 0.13 and 0.12 L hr^?1 kg^?1, respectively. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters of CFQ and CTX after IM injection were as follows: peak concentration 4.56 and 25.04 μg/ml, time to reach peak concentration 1 and 1.5 hr, t_1/2λz 4.74 and 3.62 hr, and AUC_0–∞ 22.75 and 147 hr * μg/ml, respectively. The bioavailability of CFQ and CTX after IM injection was 141% and 79%, respectively. IM administration of CFQ (2 mg/kg) and CTX (20 mg/kg) can be recommended at 12‐hr interval for treating infections caused by susceptible bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of ≤0.5 and ≤4 μg/ml, respectively, in premature calves. However, further research is indicated to assess the pharmacokinetic parameters following multiple doses of the drug in premature calves.     

益心舒胶囊联合美托洛尔缓释片治疗冠心病室性早搏的临床观察

目的 观察益心舒胶囊联合美托洛尔缓释片治疗冠心病室性早搏的临床疗效。方法 将100例冠心病伴室性早搏患者随机分为观察组（益心舒胶囊联合美托洛尔缓释片）与对照组（单用美托洛尔缓释片）,疗程均为4周。观察用药前后主要临床症状、24 h动态心电图的变化、QT离散度（QTd）变化。结果 在治疗室性早搏疗效方面,两组室性早博次数均减少（P<0.01）,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）,两组总有效率分别为75.0%、57.1%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;在改善临床症状上,观察组总有效率为62.5%,对照组为55.1%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;在中医症候疗效改善方面,两组患者中医证侯改善疗效的比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,观察组证候疗效优于对照组;与对照组相比,观察组QTd、校正QTd明显下降（P<0.01）。结论 益心舒胶囊联合美托洛尔治疗冠心病室性早搏的疗效明显;可以降低QT离散度,抑制恶性心律失常的发生。     

早产儿配方乳储藏过程中物理性质变化研究

本文对早产儿配方乳储藏过程中物理性质的变化进行了研究。将早产儿配方乳分别在25℃和40℃下储藏35 d,每7 d进行物理性质测定,包括粒径、Zeta电位、黏度、色差(ΔE)、酸度和pH值。结果表明,储藏期间早产儿配方乳的粒径、ΔE、酸度呈逐渐增大趋势,Zeta电位的绝对值、黏度和pH值呈逐渐降低趋势,并且在40℃储藏时,变化速度比25℃快。本研究为早产儿配方乳储藏过程品质保持、储运条件的选择及货架期的预测提供了参考。     

极早熟玉米重组群体籽粒脱水速率差异的初步研究

为培育生理成熟后籽粒脱水快的玉米品种,解决玉米收获期含水量过高的问题,以德美亚♂(脱水快)×边自30(脱水慢)组配的100个重组自交系群体为材料,对生理成熟后籽粒自然脱水速率进行方差分析和遗传力估计,比较重组自交系生理成熟后籽粒自然脱水速率的差异。结果表明:家系间籽粒自然脱水速率差异达到极显著水平,且籽粒自然脱水速率表现较高的遗传能力,广义遗传力为76.93。同时对籽粒脱水速率进行了正态分布检测,检测结果符合正态分布。