基于电子经纬仪及PDA自动量测的电子角规测树原理、功能及精度研究

针对常规角规测树较为粗放的现状,为了满足精准林业的需要,实现单木和林分精准测量,该文以电子经纬仪和掌上电脑为硬件,经PDA编程开发,形成电子角规测树系统,充分发挥了电子经纬仪精密的测角功能和PDA强大的数据处理和存贮功能.利用电子角规可获得树木树干的胸径、树高、任意处直径和材积,树冠部分的表面积和体积,林分的胸高断面积、林分平均高、平均株数、蓄积量和生长量等数据.经过分析,电子角规测树精度为1/7 000,而比特利希角规测树精度总误差达1/32,电子角规的测树精度比普通角规高出200倍以上,其速度也较快.     

基于遥感技术的土壤质地空间预测方法研究进展

土壤质地影响土壤持水持肥性和透气性,进而驱动一系列与土壤有关的物理化学过程,结合高效快速的遥感技术预测土壤质地空间分布,对土壤质量评价与农业生产规划具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文从遥感预测土壤质地的数据、方法和模型的应用出发,介绍了用于土壤质地遥感预测的雷达、地形和植被指数等辅助数据,提出了光谱响应、特征波长选择和遥感解译这三种基于遥感特征预测土壤质地空间分布的方法,梳理了统计学、地统计学和机器学习这三类模型与遥感结合对土壤质地空间预测的应用效果,总结了几种典型方法的优缺点与适用情况,并分析了遥感预测土壤质地的应用条件和精度验证方法,最后提出未来研究需侧重于深入提取各种遥感光谱特征、利用遥感技术获取多类型环境变量和开发土壤物理属性与数据驱动机器学习特征相结合的多算法混合模型,旨在为开展不同区域尺度下土壤质地空间预测研究提供依据与技术支撑。     

油菜精量集中排种器电驱控制系统设计与试验

为适应丘陵区油菜机械化精量播种要求,针对地轮驱动致使传动系统复杂或滑移影响播种精度的问题,设计了一种油菜电驱排种控制系统。该系统集成无线蓝牙传输模块、单片机模块和Android终端平台开发,采用优化PID算法,实现集排器转速随作业速度的同步控制和自动调节播种穴距。台架试验研究了油菜电驱排种控制系统的控制精度和排种性能,当集排器转速为10～55 r·min~(-1)时,实际转速与理论转速的平均偏差均小于1.5%,且转速的变异系数均小于2.0%,稳定性较好;当穴距和作业速度分别为60～180 mm和1.6～3.2 km·h~(-1)时,穴距均匀性变异系数均低于15.0%。该系统实现了集排器电驱条件下播种穴距的同步调节,为油菜轻简化精量播种机的排种控制系统设计提供了参考。     

Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils by precision management

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions make up a significant part of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. There is an urgent need to identify new approaches to the mitigation of these emissions with emerging technology. In this short review four approaches to precision managements of agricultural systems are described based on examples of work being undertaken in the UK and New Zealand. They offer the opportunity for N₂O mitigation without any reduction in productivity. These approaches depend upon new sensor technology, modeling and spatial information with which to make management decisions and interventions that can both improve agricultural productivity and environmental protection.     

猪营养调控技术研究进展

我国是生猪养殖与猪肉消费大国,多年来猪肉总产量和人均猪肉占有量居世界首位。由于人们对猪肉品质需求的不断提高及研究的不断深入,我国猪营养研究也经历了从最初营养需要的研究,到通过营养技术调控猪肉品质、肠道健康、繁殖性能和免疫等方面的转变。随着研究模型、组学技术、功能性分子营养以及肠道健康等研究手段的不断进步,生猪营养调控技术的研究进入到高速发展阶段。综述了近 5 年来国内外生猪相关营养调控技术,包括母猪、公猪、仔猪和生长育肥猪的营养需求（能量、蛋白质和氨基酸、常量和微量元素、添加剂等）,生产性能与营养调控,饲料营养价值评定,精准饲喂技术等多个方面,以期为今后生猪营养调控技术的进一步研究提供参考。     

Improved Prediction and Reduction of Sampling Density for Soil Salinity by Different Geostatistical Methods

The spatial estimation for soil properties was improved and sampling intensities also decreased in terms of incorporated auxiliary data. In this study, kriging and two interpolation methods were proven well to estimate auxiliary variables： cokriging and regression-kriging, and using the salinity data from the first two stages as auxiliary variables, the methods both improved the interpolation of soil salinity in coastal saline land. The prediction accuracy of the three methods was observed under different sampling density of the target variable by comparison with another group of 80 validation sample points, from which the root-mean-square error （RMSE） and correlation coefficient （r） between the predicted and measured values were calculated. The results showed, with the help of auxiliary data, whatever the sample size of the target variable may be, cokriging and regression-kriging performed better than ordinary kriging. Moreover, regression-kriging produced on average more accurate predictions than cokriging. Compared with the kriging results, cokriging improved the estimations by reducing RMSE from 23.3 to 29% and increasing r from 16.6 to 25.5%, regression-kriging improved the estimations by reducing RMSE from 25 to 41.5% and increasing r from 16.8 to 27.2%. Therefore, regression-kriging shows promise for improved prediction for soil salinity and reduction of soil sampling intensity considerably while maintaining high prediction accuracy. Moreover, in regression-kriging, the regression model can have any form, such as generalized linear models, non-linear models or tree-based models, which provide a possibility to include more ancillary variables.     

城镇用地扩张的遥感监测研究进展

快速的城镇化进程使得城镇用地不断扩大,这已成为我国耕地锐减的主要原因之一。加强城镇用地的动态监测,协调城镇发展与耕地占用之间的矛盾,正日益受到重视,其中运用遥感技术对城镇用地扩张进行监测研究,已成为该领域研究的核心内容。     

精密性建筑振动控制设计实用软件VCD

“精密性建筑”内部的精密仪器对防振、防尘、隔声要求较高，在设计中应当重视。精密性建筑振动控制设计实用软件ＶＣＤ以配有ＶＧＡ卡微机图形系统的ＩＢＭＰＣ／ＡＴ系列微机及其兼容机为硬件环境，用ＦＯＲＴＲＡＮ语言编制，并加入ＦＯＲＴＲＡＮ图形库ＤＲＡＦＴ．ＬＩＢ，形成的ＤＷＧ文件能直接进入Ａｕｔｏ ＣＡＤ进行编辑、绘图。ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ的ＤＷＧ文件也可在ＤＲＡＦＴ．ＬＩＢ设置的当前窗口中显示或作为图块插入。     

精细农业的研究进展

从农业资源的利用现状出发,论述了精细农业的技术体系和支撑技术体系,分析了精细农业的研究现状及其发展趋势．     

全站仪中间法高程测量及其精度探讨

通过对全站仪中间法高程测量方法的研究,推导了全站仪中间法高程测量的公式,并运用误差传播定律得出高程测量精度公式,分析并计算了各因素对高程测量精度的影响．通过实验验证,认为在一定范围内全站仪代替水准仪进行高程测量可达到三、四等水准测量的要求,并提出提高高程测量精度的几点建议．