黑河地区农民科技培训存在问题及对策研究

农民科技培训是一项长期而又艰巨的工作任务。为了完善农民科技培训体系,加快农业现代化进程,以黑河地区为例,针对黑河地区农民科技培训现状,分析了农民科技培训实践中存在的问题,提出了开展农民科技培训工作的建议和对策,以期使农民科技培训在农业现代化生产中发挥重要的作用。     

Effect of contamination of pasture with military explosives on grazing behaviour in sheep

Abstract

Ungulates grazing in military training areas may be exposed to non-combusted fragments of various explosives, among which 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNT) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX) are two of the most common. This study investigated if sheep react to their pastures being contaminated with TNT or HMX. The experiment was conducted in fenced-in study areas on grass-dominated pasture. The eight sheep studied did not differentiate between clean pasture and contaminated pasture when choosing freely between plots containing TNT, HMX or no contamination. The results indicate that sheep grazing military training areas are unlikely to have behavioural responses reducing time spent grazing sites where TNT or HMX are present as fragments in the field layer.     

以岗位技能培养为核心的茶艺教学探析

茶艺教学应以茶艺师的岗位需求为基础,突出学生岗位技能的培养。可通过“教学做”一体化、搭建社团平台、激励学生参加茶艺技能比赛及考试与职业技能资格考试衔接等途径,提高学生的学习效果。     

论“三农中国梦”下职业农民的培育途径

“三农中国梦”下的职业农民是我国经济发展、城乡一体化进程达到一定水平后必然产生的一种职业类型,它有其独特的人员输入和输出渠道,遵循农业市场规律,满足农业市场需求,达成行业目标,完成职业使命,集个人利益、社会责任和国家发展目标于一体的新型职业类型.相对于一般教育而言,职业农民培育的意义更加深远、策略更有高度、途径更加多元化、保障措施更加系统化.     

Influence of vestibular training on plasma levels of stress-related hormones in rats with motion sickness

AIM: To investigate the relationship between motion sickness and the plasma levels of stress-related hormones in the rats before and after vestibular training.METHODS: Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) was induced in 72 female SD rats after rotatory stimulation. The magnitude of CTA was measured to reflect the susceptibility of rats to motion sickness. The plasma levels of corticosterone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. Hormone levels were determined before and after rotatory stimulation, and after 1 month of vestibular training when the rats obtained habituation to this rotation.RESULTS: CTA to 0.15% saccharin solution in rats after the rotatory stimulation was completely inhibited after vestibular training, suggesting that a habituation of the rats to motion sickness was obtained. The rotatory stimulation induced an elevation in the plasma levels of corticosterone, ACTH and AVP, and this response of corticosterone to rotation was greatly reduced after vestibular training. The plasma levels of all 4 hormones in the rats insusceptible to motion sickness were higher than those in susceptible group, especially the plasma levels of corticosterone and ACTH after rotation, and the basal level of CRH. In addition, after vestibular training, the basal plasma levels of corticosterone, ACTH and CRH in both groups were higher than those before training, and a slight elevation was also observed in the basal level of AVP.CONCLUSION: Vestibular training may induce a habituation to rotatory stimulation in rats, thus inhibiting the development of motion sickness. The difference of the susceptibility of rats to motion sickness may negatively relate to the basal plasma levels of stress-related hormones.     

The functioning and sustainability of village crop protection brigades in Niger

In 1992 and 1993, two studies were executed in Niger to evaluate the functioning and sustainability of village plant protection brigades. The history of these brigades, their functioning, and the way the training was put into practice are discussed, as well as the problems encountered by the brigadiers. Also, the division of benefits of the brigade within the villages is dealt with. The approach adopted by the programme is discussed. It is argued that It is unlikely that many brigades will continue to exist after the end of the programme, given the costs and availability of pesticides and equipment. The fact that the bigger and richer farmers within the village benefit most undermines community based‐support. The roots of these problems can be traced back to the top‐down approach. A more participatory approach, based on the enhancement of farmers’ decision‐making and their knowledge of the environment and its risks, is advocated.     

农民创业培训后的产业发展及影响因素研究——以烟台地区为例

在对烟台地区接受创业培训农民调查的基础上,对农民参与培训前后的效果进行比较,并深入分析其影响因素。研究结果表明：培训后农民创业发展与经济发展环境和年龄相关,而与性别无关。提出根据生产需求制定创业培训重点,加大对经济不发达地区的支持力度和出台对农民创业的扶持政策的对策建议。     

食品专业综合训练课程教学改革与实践

专业综合训练是培养食品专业学生的实践能力、创造能力的重要课程,是培养和造就能够分析和解决生产中实际问题的实用型、技能型人才的重要环节。文章从开设该课程的必要性、具体的教学过程及评价标准等方面进行了分析和研究。经过一段时间的课程改革探索,确实起到了提高学生的实践技能和综合素质等作用。     

农村土地流转的理论视域解析与实践策略

加快农村土地流转,是当前农村工作的一项重要任务.应当从法学和经济学理论的角度积极探索农村土地流转的可行性,完善农村土地流转应坚持的原则,强化农村土地流转的法制化建设,建立健全农村土地流转的相关配套体系.     

农村新型集体经济组织的创新和实践

随着万安镇农村新型集体经济组织的不断发展和实践,城乡一体化得到了推进,并取得了一定的成绩。介绍了万安镇的一些基本情况,实现农村新型集体经济组织创新的主要做法,所取得的主要成效,以及在实践中存在的一些问题。