文昌鸡FSHR基因多态性及其对繁殖性状的遗传效应

【目的】寻找与文昌鸡繁殖性能相关的遗传标记。【方法】以促卵泡素受体(FSHR)基因作为影响鸡繁殖性状的候选基因,采用PCR-SSCP技术结合测序分析,对FSHR基因所有外显子及部分内含子区域进行单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)检测,收集文昌鸡繁殖性能指标,分析FSHR基因多态性与繁殖性状的关系。【结果】共发现4个区域存在SNPs位点,分别为:区域4中exon 4编码区43bp处的T→C突变,但没有导致翻译后氨基酸序列的改变;区域2中exon 2编码区5′端-49bp处的C→T突变;区域6中exon 6编码区3′端+12bp处的A→G突变;区域9中exon 8编码区3′端+38bp处的G→T突变。对以上4个区域不同基因型与繁殖性状的相关性分析表明,文昌鸡FSHR基因第4外显子呈现的3种基因型(CC/CD/DD)多态性,与文昌鸡300日龄产蛋数及平均联产天数显著相关(P<0.05)),而且CD杂合基因型的300日龄产蛋数及平均联产天数显著高于其他基因型(P<0.05)。【结论】FSHR基因可作为影响文昌鸡产蛋数的候选基因。     

玉米抗粗缩病毒SCAR分子标记的开发

[目的]通过开发抗玉米粗缩病实用分子标记,实施标记辅助选择可以明显提高抗病育种效率.[方法]在对国内外152份玉米自交系粗缩病抗性鉴定的基础上,利用抗病自交系和感病自交系基因组DNA构建基因池,结合AFLP技术筛选多态扩增片段;在抗池及抗病自交系与感池及感病自交系间筛选出表现一致的多态片段转化为SCAR标记;通过152份玉米自交系粗缩病抗性鉴定验证标记与玉米粗缩病的相关性.[结果]筛选到2个与玉米粗缩病抗性显著相关的SCAR标记,即SCAR69和SCAR74.[结论]开发的SCAR(SCAR69和SCAR74)标记可应用于抗玉米粗缩病毒分子标记辅助选择.     

低温胁迫对黄瓜花叶病毒CMV-BG株系cp基因多态性的影响

研究了低温胁迫下黄瓜花叶病毒与三生烟互作后CMV cp基因序列的变化规律,并分析了植物RNA病毒的进化机制。用黄瓜花叶病毒北京甘蓝分离物(CMV-BG)侵染三生烟不同单株,置于不同温度条件下(常温和低温)培养30 d后,对CMV cp基因进行克隆、序列测定和多态性分析。结果表明,侵染低温组植物CMV的cp基因多态性(Pi=0.001 76)高于常温组(Pi=0.001 14),IFEL分析检测到低温组第48个氨基酸位点为正选择位点,初步表明低温胁迫有助于提高CMV-BG cp基因序列的多态性,温度胁迫是植物RNA病毒与宿主互作过程中基因序列变异的一种重要的作用力。     

黔北麻羊MSTN基因的多态性分析

为给黔北麻羊品种遗传资源的保护及进一步选育提供科学依据,利用BsmAI、MspI、EcoRI、MvaI、XmnI、MnII等6种限制性内切酶对黔北麻羊MSTN基因部分内含子1、2和外显子2进行PCR-RFLP多态性分析。结果表明:在扩增的MSTN基因1 241bp序列中含有BsmAI、EcoRI、MvaI和MnII 4个酶切位点,但均不具有多态性;未发现MspI和XmnI酶切位点。     

小麦RIL群体遗传连锁图谱的构建及其多态性分析

以普通小麦重组近交系(recombinant inbred lines,RIL)‘Q9086×陇鉴19’为作图群体,利用SSR标记构建小麦遗传连锁图谱.结果表明:通过选用2 187对SSR引物筛选出RIL群体双亲表现多态性的引物共405对,多态性频率为18.52%.不同类型SSR标记多态性频率从小到大依次为Xpsp(4.4%)相似文献   

葡萄EST-SNP位点的信息与特征

为了从不同基因型葡萄组织的表达序列标签(EST)中得到候选单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点,从NCBI的dbEST数据库中下载来源于9个不同葡萄基因型的不同组织EST序列42 493条,利用CAP3软件拼接得到6 126个重叠群(contig),将拼接结果导入QualitySNP进行SNP筛选;同时,为提高候选SNP位点的可靠度,降低小规格contig开发SNP的假阳性率和大规格contig开发SNP的假阴性率,设置候选SNP位点的次要等位基因频率至少为30%,SNP侧翼序列保守度至少为5bp。结果表明:仅在1 195个contig中存在候选SNP位点,共5 032个,其中包括1 800个颠换类型,2 896个转换类型,336个单碱基的插入与缺失(indel),SNP的平均出现频率为4.2SNP.contig-1。利用CAPS(酶切扩增多态序列)分子标记和重测序方法对其中几个候选SNP位点进行验证表明,符合人工筛选原则且来自于小规格contig的候选SNP位点检测结果较好,可靠度最高。     

Development of a core set of KASP markers for assaying genetic diversity in Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis Makino

Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are rapid, economical and reliable genotyping tools. Non‐heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis Makino) is now an economically important vegetable crop worldwide. In this study, 1,167 SNPs were evaluated for 7polymorphism among 70 representative non‐heading Chinese cabbage inbred lines using a Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping assay. On the basis of identified polymorphisms and the results of a principal component analysis, we selected 50 core SNPs that were balanced sufficiently to provide adequate information for genetic identification. The core SNPs were used for construction of a neighbour‐joining dendrogram that separated the 70 inbred lines into four main groups and several subgroups corresponding to Caixin, Heiyebaicai, Huangxinwu, Naibaicai, Taitsai, Pak‐choi, and Wutatsai. This categorization was superior to that achieved using a dataset of 479 polymorphic SNPs. To confirm the utility of the core SNP markers in genetic identification, we tested their stability and resolution using 162 commercial hybrid cultivars. The SNPs, which represent a cost‐effective, accurate marker set for germplasm analysis and cultivar identification, are suitable for molecular marker‐assisted breeding in non‐heading Chinese cabbage.     

Morphological differences among Raphanus raphanistrum populations and their relationship to related crops

Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) has developed introgressed populations after hybridization with its cultivated counterpart (R. sativus) in California. Hybridization with various Brassica and Sinapis species is also possible. To determine if hybridization is responsible of the genetic diversity of European populations, six wild radish populations with distinct morphological traits were sampled from geographically distant regions in Europe. Plants were cultivated in an oilseed rape field and in insect‐proof cages. Silique and flower morphology, growth, and reproductive traits were measured. The wild radish populations could be discriminated by the morphological traits, but not related to geographic regions. In particular, populations of one region showed wide variability in terms of silique shape and growth behaviour, and small‐sized flowers. Although the origin of morphological diversity in wild radish is unclear, i.e. native or due to gene flow from the cultivated radish or other Brassicaceae, significant morphological divergence was found that could have relevant effects on plant ecology and adaptation.     

利用SRAP分子标记技术鉴定大白菜种子纯度

以大白菜品种多抗3及其父母本为研究材料,利用SRAP（相关序列扩增多态性）分子标记方法,通过对54对SRAP标准引物的筛选,获得了能区分大白菜多抗3及其亲本的引物Me4F/Em3R。采Me4F/Em3R引物对对5份多抗3系列商品种子纯度进行检验,种子的纯度分别为75.5%、72%、80.5%、68%和73%,与田间种植纯度鉴定结果符合率分别为94.6%、89.3%、93.2%、95.5%和91.25%。说明利用SRAP分子标记方法对多抗3大白菜一代杂种进行快速、准确的纯度鉴定是可行的。     

爪哇稻Wanilava细胞质雄性不育系的创建及AFLP指纹图谱分析

初步鉴定了爪哇稻Wanilava细胞质雄性不育系的特征特性,并以2套水稻（Oryza sativa）同核异质材料273JW（爪哇型胞质不育系）、273D（D型胞质不育系）及其对应的保持系273B, 803JW（爪哇型胞质不育系）、803WA（野败型胞质不育系）及其对应的保持系803B为研究对象,利用AFLP 分子标记技术构建了JW型不育胞质的指纹图谱,分离了JW型胞质与野败型胞质及保持系的差异片段。