中国特有小麦资源主要遗传性状评价与利用

研究了我国特有的西藏、新疆、云南小麦和西藏半野生小麦57份材料。根尖染色体观察;2n=42,具有2对随体染色体。花粉母细胞观察:云南小麦、西藏半野生小麦减数分裂过程仍处于相对不稳定状态。酯酶同工酶分析表明:存在组织特异性。聚类分析结果:云南和西藏半野生小麦亲缘关系相近,同属一种类型;新疆小麦具有独特的进化途径。利用其与黑麦杂交,鉴评了可杂交性基因型,西藏半野生小麦三个变种T_(494)(Var.zhassi H.M.G.),T_(511-1)(Var.sangrium H.M.G.)T_(473)(Var.yayunum H.M.G.)与黑麦杂交结实率比中国春小麦与黑麦的杂交结实率还高,推测基因型为kr_1 kr_1 kr_2 kr_2。西藏半野生小麦与黑麦杂种F_1花粉母细胞中期Ⅰ的染色体交叉数超过中国春小麦杂种F_1,推测T_(445-3),T_(499-2),T_(488),T_(511-1)等西藏半野生小麦可能有ph_2基因。     

Second meiotic division restitution (SDR) 2n pollen formation in diploid and hexaploid species of Asparagus

Summary Plants of two cultivars of 2x A. officinalis L. and two related ornamental species, 2x A. plumosus Baker and 6x A. densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop cv. Sprengeri were screened for production of pollen of heterogeneous size. Twenty four plants out of thirty-one studied produced this type of pollen, with frequencies of 3% or more large pollen. Some of these plants also produced giant grains. The numerically unreduced pollen arose by the lack of chromosome migration at Anaphase II in either one or both cells of a meiocyte, followed by the absence of cytokinesis in cells with abnormal chromosome behavior, a Second Meiotic Division Restitution (SDR) cytological mechanism. Double unreduced pollen resulted from a similar mechanism acting at both Anaphase I and Anaphase II stages. The high frequency of plants which produced 2n pollen in significant amounts is taken as an indication that the modified meiosis observed is under genetic control.     

沙棘育种方法--沙棘花粉生活力研究

本文研究了沙棘花的结构、开花所需的条件、花粉的收集和贮藏方法及不同的贮存条件下,保持沙棘花粉生活力的时间长短,通过降低花粉水分含量和低温冷藏以及玻璃器具密封等保存措施,可以达到长时间储存沙棘花粉的目的。同时对沙棘单交的技术进行了介绍。     

蔬菜花粉壁非光滑表面微结构及其仿生脱附

采用电镜扫描SEM对22个科62个属111种蔬菜植物孢粉壁表面结构进行观察分析，选出其中典型8个科10个属11个种的非光滑结构并进行特征描述；对蔬菜花粉壁非光滑微表面具有的脱附功能进行分析，不仅丰富了生物脱附理论，同时可为发展仿生绿色清洁技术提供理论依据及有益信息。     

杜仲花粉黄酮含量测定的研究

探讨了用分光光度法测定杜仲花粉黄酮含量的方法。该方法以芦丁作为对照品,采用NaNO2—Al(NO3)3—NaOH体系显色,芦丁标准曲线为A=0.0041C+0.0073,R=0.9952,在波长510nm下检测总黄酮含量为3.29%。     

INA细菌对杏树雌、雄蕊抗寒能力及花粉生活力的影响

以优一杏盛开花的雌蕊和雄蕊为试材,研究了低温胁迫下INA细菌对花粉生活力和发芽率、雌蕊和雄蕊SOD和POD酶活性、MDA含量的影响。结果表明:INA细菌存在下,低温胁迫降低了花粉的生活力和发芽率,减弱了雌蕊、雄蕊SOD、POD酶的活性,增加了MDA的含量,说明低温胁迫下INA细菌的存在加重了霜冻害。     

培养介质中糖的选择对小麦花药培养中胚诱导率的影响

小麦花药培养中，对培养介质中作为碳源供体的糖的种类的不同选择，可以产生不同的胚诱导率，用麦芽糖代替蔗糖，可以获得较高的胚产生率。     

低温对长白落叶松花粉生命力的影响

长白落叶松花期常常遇低温和霜冻，使雌雄花受冻，从而影响种子结实量。文章研究了不同低温对长白落叶松花粉生命力的影响，得出以下结论：-3～0℃是花粉的最佳保存温度；在相同低温条件下，随着处理时间延长，花粉生命力降低；撒粉前不同时期用低温处理对花粉生命力影响显著，愈靠近撒粉期的低温处理危害愈大；不同无性系在温度及储藏时间相同条件下，花粉的抗性不同。     

Assessment of Cold and Heat Tolerance of Winter-grown Canola (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars by Pollen-based Parameters

Winter‐grown canola (Brassica napus L.) production is limited mostly by frost and winter kill in the southern canola‐growing regions of the United States. Tolerance to cold and heat were assessed by studying percentage of pollen viability (PV), in vitro pollen germination (PG) and pollen tube length (PTL) for 12 field‐grown cultivars. Freshly collected pollen from all cultivars were incubated on artificial solid growth media at a constant temperature ranging from 10 to 35 °C at 5 °C interval for 30 h to determine PG and PTL. A modified bilinear model best described the temperature response functions of PG and PTL. Canola cultivars showed significant variability (P < 0.001) for PV (61.3 % to 89.7 %), PG (29.0 % to 48.2 %) and PTL (463 to 931 μm). The average cardinal temperatures, T_min, T_opt and T_max, for PG and PTL were 6.4, 24.3 and 33.7 °C, respectively. Principal component analysis revealed that maximum PG, PTL, T_min and T_opt of both PG and PTL were the most important factors in determining cold tolerance, whereas T_max of PG and PTL, and maximum PG and PTL were more responsible in separating the cultivars for heat tolerance. The canola cultivar, KS3077, was the most cold tolerant with the lowest T_min and the widest temperature adaptability range, and the cultivar Kadore was the most heat tolerant with the highest T_max for the PG. The identified cold‐ and heat‐tolerant cultivars may be useful in canola‐breeding programmes to develop cultivars suitable for a niche environment.     

威20不育系花粉组成及其变化的研究

本试验的研究结果证明,威20不育系的花粉组成和变化是随机波动的。客观上这是由花粉败育时间上的参差和外界环境条件的变化造成,主观上则与抽样镜检的随机性有关。因此在不育系的原种生产中,对于株行(系)鉴定的花粉镜检工作,应在抽取一定数量样本的基础上进行,这样将有利于提高鉴定和选择的可靠性。