不同导血水平对夏南牛生长发育的影响

本研究把夏南牛各代次、各年龄段牛与南阳牛之间体重做了比较分析;同时与原保留对比试验组的含夏洛来牛血50%和25%的两组横交牛进行比较,结果表明:新品种牛公牛的0、6、12、18月龄四个年龄段与南阳牛相比,体重差异均为极显著(P<0.01).母牛在O、6、12、18、24、30、36月龄各年龄段与南阳牛相比,体重差异均为极显著(P0.05).     

Characterization of an intravenous lipopolysaccharide inflammation model in calves with respect to the acute-phase response

Our objective was to develop a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammation model in calves to evaluate the acute-phase response with respect to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, fever development and sickness behaviour. Fourteen 4-week-old male Holstein Friesian calves were included and randomly assigned to a negative control group (n = 3) and an LPS-challenged group (n = 11). The latter received an intravenous bolus injection of 0.5 μg of LPS/kg body weight. Blood collection and clinical scoring were performed at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 28, 32, 48, 54 and 72 h post LPS administration (p.a.). In the LPS group, the following clinical signs were observed successively: tachypnoea (on average 18 min p.a.), decubitus (29 min p.a.), general depression (1.75 h p.a.), fever (5 h p.a.) and tachycardia (5 h p.a.). Subsequent to the recovery from respiratory distress, general depression was prominent, which deteriorated when fever increased. One animal did not survive LPS administration, whereas the other animals recovered on average within 6.1 h p.a. Moreover, the challenge significantly increased plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, with peaking levels at 1, 3.5, 24 and 18 h p.a., respectively. The present LPS model was practical and reproducible, caused obvious clinical signs related to endotoxemia and a marked change in the studied inflammatory mediators, making it a suitable model to study the immunomodulatory properties of drugs in future research.     

天然黄色茧蚕品种实验室比较与生产应用试验

经过对新育成的黄色茧品种与生产应用白色茧品种秋丰×白玉的对比试验及丝质鉴定,秋丰×黄,正反交、秋丰×HJ,正反交这两对黄色茧品种具有龄期短、抗病力强、虫蛹率高的优点;黄色茧品种的产茧量与对照种相比差距不显著;两对黄色茧品种的鲜茧出丝率等茧丝质指标略低于对照,解舒丝长达到750m左右,解舒率均在65％以上,净度优良,符合缫丝业对茧质的基本要求。对其中的秋丰×HJ7在农村进行规模化中秋蚕饲养与缫丝应用试验,符合生产应用要求。     

两种饲料补饲对妊娠后期青海半细毛羊羔羊初生重的影响

为了探讨牧户传统自配饲料与全价精料补饲对妊娠后期青海半细毛羊羔羊初生重的影响,选择体重、胎次、预产期基本相近的青海半细毛羊妊娠母羊60只,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组30只,在临近预产期42d开始进行补饲试验。结果表明,试验组羔羊平均初生重为3.41kg;对照组羔羊平均初生重为3.06kg;试验组羔羊比对照组羔羊高0.35kg,提高11.33%,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

Effects of sex and age on behavior and weight gain in beef calves after abrupt weaning

The effects of weaning on beef calves of different ages were investigated. Forty male and 40 female calves were either weaned at 6 (W6, n = 40) or 8 (W8, n = 40) months of age. The vocalization activity and behaviors (feeding, lying and standing/walking) were observed during the first 3 days following weaning. Body weight was recorded at 6 and 8 months and 2 weeks following weaning. W6 animals vocalized more often than W8 calves and females more than males on day 1 (P < 0.05). The vocalization activity decreased at a higher rate in W8 than in W6 from days 1 to 3. On day 2, W6 calves spent less time lying and more standing/walking than W8 calves (P < 0.05). The behaviors did not differ between males and females. The average daily gain after weaning did not differ between weaning ages (P > 0.05), but W8 calves gained more from 6 to 8 months of age. In conclusion, weaning distress was more pronounced in W6 than in W8 calves. W8 calves also had a superior growth performance during 6 to 8 months of age. The effect of the calves' sex was less pronounced. Therefore, it is recommended to wean beef calves later than 6 months of age.     

能量对低出生体重仔猪死亡率、断奶重和初乳摄入量的影响

文章探讨了能量补充对低出生体重仔猪的死亡率、断奶体重、日增重及初乳摄入量的影响。处理组选择22头母猪所产的306头活仔猪,其中极低出生体重(<1 kg)72头,低出生体重(1~1.2 kg)77头,分别于出生时和出生后8~12 h口服能量补充剂。对照组选择24头母猪所产的340头活仔猪,其中极低出生体重81头,低出生体重74头。结果显示:能量补充较对照组显著降低了极低出生重仔猪哺乳3 d的死亡率(P <0.05),有降低低出生重仔猪死亡率的趋势(P=0.07)。总的来说,能量补充剂有降低仔猪哺乳3 d死亡率的趋势(P=0.06)。能量补充较对照组对极低出生重仔猪哺乳7和21 d存活优势率显著提高了4.04和3.59倍(P <0.05)。对照组较处理组显著提高了仔猪的断奶重(P <0.05)。对照组与处理组对仔猪的日增重、初乳摄入量及出生产量的影响均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。处理组母猪初乳产量在数值上比对照组低(P> 0.05),但处理组母猪初乳产量均匀性在数值上较对照组好。综上所述,能量补充通过为极低出生体重仔猪直接提供能量而不是通过提高初乳的摄入量来降低其断奶前的死亡率。     

The effects of chronic intermittent noise exposure on broiler chicken performance

Effects of different noise levels (70 or 80 dB) that broilers were exposed to during the entire fattening period and also the effect of the timing of the first exposure to intermittent noise in the course of fattening (day 1 vs. day 7) were monitored. After 7 days of exposure to intermittent noise, experimental chickens already showed a significant decrease in live body weight in comparison with the control group. The difference between the group exposed to intermittent noise at 70 dB and the group exposed to 80 dB levels was not statistically significant, although the mean live body weight of broilers in the latter was lower during the entire fattening period. The chickens exposed to intermittent noise from day 1 of age showed lower mean live weight throughout the fattening period compared to chickens exposed to the same level of intermittent noise only from day 7 of age, although at the end of fattening the difference was statistically significant only in chickens exposed to the higher level of intermittent noise (80 dB).     

甘草查尔酮A对副猪嗜血杆菌的体内外抑制作用

探讨甘草查尔酮A对副猪嗜血杆菌体内外生长的影响。将副猪嗜血杆菌于分别含10、20、50、100、200μg/mL甘草查尔酮A的TSA液体培养基中培养,采用分光光度法分析副猪嗜血杆菌生长和生物被膜形成的变化;以1、10、100mg/kg甘草查尔酮A经口灌胃小鼠,分别在3d、5d和7d称重,并计算脏器指数,Hiseq高通量测序技术分析肠道菌群等生长性能,Bliss法测定副猪嗜血杆菌对小鼠半数致死量(LD50);检测甘草查尔酮A对小鼠清除0.01×LD50副猪嗜血杆菌感染和抵抗100×LD50副猪嗜血杆菌感染的影响。结果表明,各浓度甘草查尔酮A对副猪嗜血杆菌的生长速率和生物被膜形成的影响差异均无显著差异。所有剂量组小鼠给予甘草查尔酮A处理后,一般临床症状、体重和脏器指数无统计学意义。灌喂甘草查尔酮A有增加小鼠肠道菌群丰富度的趋势,但降低拟杆菌门丰度而增加厚壁菌门丰度。小鼠清除0.01×LD50副猪嗜血杆菌感染的能力呈剂量依赖性,而100×LD50的副猪嗜血杆菌感染小鼠后随着甘草查尔酮A浓度增加可呈剂量依赖延迟小鼠死亡时间。表明甘草查尔酮A对副猪嗜血杆菌体外生长无显著的抑制作用,同时对小鼠生长性能亦无明显影响,但可增加肠道菌群丰富度而提高小鼠抵抗副猪嗜血杆菌感染的能力。