TaqMan-MGB荧光定量IC/TC-RT-PCR检测菜豆荚斑驳病毒

菜豆荚斑驳病毒(Bean pod mottle virus,BPMV)是我国重要的检疫性有害生物,BPMV传入的风险随大豆进境数量增多而加大。本文针对菜豆荚斑驳病毒,以大豆种子提取液为材料,分别建立了TaqMan-MGB荧光定量IC-RTPCR和TaqMan-MGB荧光定量TC-RT-PCR快速检测方法。根据GenBank公布的BPMV外壳蛋白基因序列,选择其保守区域,设计1对特异性引物和1条TaqMan-MGB探针,测定了TaqMan-MGB荧光定量IC-RT-PCR和TaqMan-MGB荧光定量TC-RT-PCR方法的特异性和灵敏度,并将TaqMan-MGB荧光定量IC-RT-PCR、TaqMan-MGB荧光定量TC-RTPCR、IC-RT-PCR和TC-RT-PCR 4种检测方法的灵敏度进行比较。结果表明:所建立的两种检测方法特异性良好;TCRT-PCR的灵敏度为10-1倍病毒提取液原液;IC-RT-PCR和TaqMan-MGB荧光定量TC-RT-PCR灵敏度相当,为10-3倍病毒提取液原液;TaqMan-MGB荧光定量IC-RT-PCR灵敏度最高,为10-5倍病毒提取液原液,是IC-RT-PCR和TaqMan-MGB荧光定量TC-RT-PCR检测方法的102倍,是TC-RT-PCR检测方法的104倍;两种检测方法均能较好应用于实际大豆样品的检测。本文所建立的TaqMan-MGB荧光定量IC/TC-RT-PCR检测方法利用抗原特异性或试管非特异性捕捉病毒粒子,无需提取RNA,为进境大豆种子上BPMV的检测提供了稳定、快速、简便的技术依据,其较高的灵敏度和特异性具有较好的应用价值。     

施氮对优质小麦颖果腹部和背部胚乳细胞物质充实的影响

为直观揭示施氮对小麦籽粒灌浆的生理效应,以徐麦30（强筋小麦) 和扬麦13（弱筋小麦）为材料,采用树脂包埋样品进行半薄切片和Image Pro Plus图像分析软件从形态学角度研究了孕穗期施氮对小麦颖果腹部和背部胚乳细胞物质充实的影响。结果表明,施氮后颖果腹部和背部胚乳细胞蛋白体数目增加,花后11、15和19 d最显著,同时蛋白体的聚集方式发生改变,对照组（不施氮）胚乳细胞内以小蛋白体为主,呈散状分布,而施氮组胚乳细胞含有许多大蛋白体或蛋白聚积体,分布较为集中。徐麦30蛋白体发育对氮素的响应程度高于扬麦13。施氮后腹部胚乳细胞淀粉粒排列更为紧密,细胞充实率增加,且扬麦13的响应程度大于徐麦30。施氮也增加了徐麦30背部胚乳细胞充实率,而对扬麦13的影响表现相反。     

8℃相变蓄冷技术

指出了自“十二五”规划以来,可持续发展和能源结构转型成为我国政府工作的重中之重,合理利用能源为人类社会创造更加美好的现代生活已经成为社会的共识。蓄冷技术能够按需实现能量的存储和释放,从宏观上起到“移峰填谷”平衡电网的作用;我国电力系统实行分时计价政策,从微观上可以利用峰谷电价差为用户节省制冷系统的运行费用。8℃相变蓄冷技术兼备了传统水蓄冷和冰蓄冷的优点,具有蓄冷密度大、系统简单的突出优点,是当前蓄冷技术研究和应用的前沿方向,市场前景十分广阔。     

Late nitrogen fertilization affects carbohydrate mobilization in wheat

An experiment was carried out to determine how the late application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer affects the use of pre‐anthesis carbon reserves during the grain‐filling period of pot‐grown wheat with no water shortage. Increasing doses (equivalent to 0, 140, and 180 kg N ha^–1) of N fertilizer were applied, either in two amendments (stages GS20 and GS30) or in three amendments (stages GS20, GS30, and GS37, according to Zadoks scale). The management of fertilizer by combining an increased N rate with late N application was able to stimulate canopy development, to raise photosynthetic capacity and carbohydrate accumulation during the vegetative stages, and to increase grain yield. Based on the dynamics of carbohydrate accumulation in the ear, three phases were differentiated during the grain‐filling period, whose temporary pattern remained stable regardless of the fertilizer management. The net remobilization of carbohydrates started 12 d after anthesis from the leaves and 28 d after anthesis from roots and stems. The increase of the N dose with late N application allowed on one hand a lower use of the pre‐anthesis carbon reserves in favor of greater de novo photosynthesis during the grain‐filling period, and on the other hand greater relative contribution of the leaf and ear C reserves to remobilization towards the grain. Further splitting the dose increased only the relative contribution of ear C reserves. The stem contribution seemed to be independent of N applied whereas the root contribution tended to diminish with late N application.     

Cacao resistance to Phytophthora: Effect of pathogen species, inoculation depths and pod maturity

Two species of Phytophthora (P. palmivora and P. capsici) and inoculations at two depths (3 mm and 9 mm) were tested each on 10 clones of Theobroma cacao to determine their effects on pod resistance. Ripe and unripe pods were also assessed to determine the influence of physiological status of the pod on the expression of resistance. The two pathogens tested (P. palmivora and P. capsici) differed significantly in their reactions on pods, with P. palmivora being more aggressive than P. capsici. However, the lack of interaction between clones and pathogen species and the similarity in the ranking of clones based on lesion size suggested that selection for resistant clones can be based on one of the two pathogens, preferably the more aggressive one. Pod reactions differed between inoculation depths (3 mm and 9 mm), and between pod maturity stages (ripe and unripe pods) with relatively larger lesions being recorded at 9 mm depth and on unripe pods as compared to those observed at 3 mm depth and on unripe pods, respectively. The magnitude of increase in lesion sizes, however, varied with genotypes, indicating that inoculation depth and pod maturity stage should be standardized in screening cacao germplasm for resistance to Phytophthora.     

Chemical Manipulation of Reproductive Efficiency of Chickpea (Cicer arietinnum L.) by Triadimefon in Relation to Changes in Ethylene

Reproductive efficiency was successfully manipulated by the application of different concentrations of triadimefon at pre‐flowering, flowering and post‐flowering stages in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Triadimefon improved the parameters determining reproductive efficiency. Yield was significantly improved due to reductions in flower and pod abscission by the application of triadimefon, which also lowered the ethylene levels in leaves, flowers and pods and delayed senescence. These findings suggest a relationship between ethylene level and reproductive efficiency in chickpea. Further, they indicate that triadimefon can be used for chemical manipulation of the reproductive efficiency of chickpea under field conditions.     

填筑路堤的路堑开挖土石料性能分类研究

提出了以石块为主的用作路堤填料的路堑开挖土石料按岩性进行分类的依据和标准，讨论了用它们填筑路基的施工工艺，质量控制要点及质量指标检测方法。     

路灯照射对大豆生长发育和产量的影响

通过对淮北五马路沿线夏大豆的田间调查分析表明：受路灯照射的影响，夏大豆株高增加，开花期、成熟期推迟，底荚部位上升，单株生产力下降。且距离越近，植株越高，开花、成熟越晚，底荚部位越高，单株生产力越低。     

不同播期对冬小麦粒重形成及产量的影响

以4个冬小麦品种为材料,研究了不同播期条件下籽粒灌浆特征参数、粒重和产量的差异。结果表明:播期对千粒重的影响存在差异,洛旱6号、洛麦21号和豫麦49不同播期之间的籽粒千粒重存在显著差异,但播期对偃展4110的千粒重影响不大。在不同播期下,灌浆过程中平均灌浆速率、快增期灌浆速率对粒重的影响较大。播期对不同品种灌浆高峰出现的日期影响基本一致,早播期>晚播期>中播期.但较早播种时,洛旱6号、洛麦21号和豫麦49灌浆高峰出现较早,灌浆速率大,晚播时偃展4110灌浆高峰出现较早,灌浆速率大。播期对4个品种产量的影响均以中播最高,在河南旱区生态条件下,似偃展4110的春性品种适宜播期为10月中下旬,洛旱6号、洛麦21号等似豫麦49的半冬性品种适宜播期为10月中旬。     

不同基因型小麦品种光合色素及抗衰老酶活性的比较

在大田条件下研究了不同多穗型小麦旗叶光合色素含量、叶片抗衰老酶活性及籽粒灌浆参数的差异,为小麦的高产超高产栽培提供一定的理论依据。结果表明,不同多穗型小麦品种叶绿素a含量和叶绿素b含量差异显著,类胡萝卜素含量差异不明显。不同多穗型小麦产量差异显著,烟农24、烟农22、烟2415、烟农21产量分别比鲁麦21提高19.3%、12.6%、12.5%、8.1%。各基因型小麦穗粒数差异不明显。不同基因型小麦SOD、POD、CAT活性差异显著。烟农24 SOD活性较高,烟农21 POD活性最高,烟农22 CAT活性最高。