4种适生植物对陇东地区油污土壤场地生态修复的响应

[目的]选取陇东黄土高原地区4种本地植物作为试验材料,进行了为期3个月的场地生态修复工程,旨在为该地区开展油污土壤植物场地生态修复技术提供新的植物品种和基础数据参考。[方法]采用常规方法测定了不同油污浓度胁迫下受试植物根际土壤总石油烃(TPH)降解率、降解菌数量及部分生长指标在不同油污浓度胁迫时响应情况。[结果](1)紫花苜蓿和金盏菊根际TPH降解率在轻度污染时相对较高,而重度污染时菊科植物显著高于豆科植物(p0.05);(2)油污浓度增加可显著抑制菊科植物根长以及豆科植物根际石油降解菌数量(p0.05),亦对紫花苜蓿地上部干重及金盏菊地下部干重和株高则有显著促进作用(p0.05);(3)方差分解结果显示:石油降解菌数量×TPH转移效率以及植物生长指标×石油降解菌数量的交互作用是决定两种菊科植物TPH降解率的关键因素。[结论]4种适生植物各项指标对陇东地区油污土壤场地生态修复的响应方式因种而异,而两种菊科植物油污耐受性和修复效果相对较好,因此在该地区具备一定的应用潜力。     

Greenhouse evaluation of EDTA effectiveness at enhancing Cd,Cr, and Ni uptake in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helianthus annuus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thlaspi caerulescens</Emphasis>

Background, Aims and Scope  Phytoremediation is a promising means for the treatment of heavy metal contamination. Although several species have been identified as hyperaccumulators, most studies have been conducted with only one metal. Experiments were conducted to investigate the ability of Helianthus annuus and Thlaspi caerulescens to simultaneously uptake Cd, Cr and Ni. Materials and Methods  The efficiency of plants grown in a sandy-loam soil was investigated. The ability of two EDTA concentrations (0.1 and 0.3 g kg⁻¹) for enhancing the phytoremediation of Cd, Cr and Ni at two different metal concentrations (24.75 mg kg⁻¹ and 90 mg kg⁻¹) was studied. Results   Thlaspi hyperaccumulated Ni with 0.1 g kg⁻¹ EDTA. When the EDTA dosage was increased to 0.3 g kg⁻¹, Thlaspi was able to hyperaccumulate both Ni and Cr. Since Thlaspi is a low-biomass plant, it was considered insufficient for full-scale applications. Helianthus annuus hyperacummulated Cr (with 0.1 g kg⁻¹ EDTA) and Cd (0.3 g kg⁻¹ EDTA). Discussion  When the contamination was 8.25 mg kg⁻¹ per metal, the total metal uptake was 10–25% (1.35 to 2.12 mg) higher and had the same uptake selectivity (Cr>>Cd>Ni) for both EDTA levels. It was hypothesized that complexation with EDTA interfered with Ni translocation. For these experiments, the optimal results were obtained with the H. annuus-0.1 g kg⁻¹ EDTA combination. Conclusions  Although the use of EDTA did increase the amount of metal that could be extracted, care should be taken during in-situ field applications. Chelators can also increase the amount of metals that are leached past the root zone. Metal leaching and subsequent migration could lead to ground water contamination as well as lead to new soil contamination. Recommendations and Perspectives  Additional research to identify the optimal EDTA dosage for field applications is warranted. This is necessary to ensure that the metals do not leach past the root zone. Identification of a plant that can hyperaccumulate multiple metals is critical for phytoremediation to be a viable remediation alternative. In addition to being able to hyperaccumulate multiple metals, the optimal plant must be fast growing with sufficient biomass to sequester the heavy metals.     

Silicon alleviates the toxicity of cadmium and zinc for maize (Zea mays L.) grown on a contaminated soil

Although silicon (Si) is not an essential element, it presents a close relationship with the alleviation of heavy‐metal toxicity to plants. This work was carried out to evaluate the effects of Si application to soil on the amelioration of metal stress to maize grown on a contaminated soil amended with Si (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg kg^–1) as calcium silicate (CaSiO₃). Additionally, the cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) bioavailability as well as their distribution into soil fractions was also studied. The results showed that adding Si to a Cd‐ and Zn‐contaminated soil effectively diminished the metal stress and resulted in biomass increase in comparison to metal‐contaminated soil not treated with Si. This relied on Cd and Zn immobilization in soil rather than on the increase of soil pH driven by calcium silicate application. Silicon altered the Cd and Zn distribution in soil fractions, decreasing the most bioavailable pools and increasing the allocation of metals into more stable fractions such as organic matter and crystalline iron oxides.     

高锰胁迫对香根草矿质元素吸收及光合系统的影响

为了探讨高锰(Mn)胁迫对香根草矿质元素吸收、光合系统的影响,揭示香根草对高Mn胁迫的耐受能力、Mn积累特征及生理响应,通过水培试验,研究不同浓度Mn胁迫(15、30、60、120 mmol·L~(-1))下香根草叶绿素含量SPAD值、光合以及叶绿素荧光指标、K、Mg、Fe元素含量等生理生化指标的变化。在Mn处理下,香根草的SPAD值、叶片含水率、株高、植株干物质质量、K含量、净光合速率(Pn)、潜在最大电子传导率(ETR_(max))等参数均呈现出下降的趋势。但在15～60 mmol·L~(-1)Mn处理下,香根草的植株干物质质量为对照的77.6%～88.1%;光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、SPAD值等部分参数接近正常水平或降幅较小;且根叶中的Mn含量分别为14 393～18 845 mg·kg~(-1)和4118～4782 mg·kg~(-1);根中的Mn富集系数也大于1。此外,还发现在30～120 mmol·L~(-1)Mn处理下,根中的Mn含量没有明显差异,但根部的Mn富集系数持续下降;而在15～60 mmol·L~(-1)处理下,叶中的Mn含量和转移系数没有明显差异。在Mn胁迫下,随着光照强度的增加,非调节性被动能量耗散Y(NO)保持稳定,而调节性主动耗散Y(NPQ)增加。高Mn处理下叶中K含量有小幅降低,Mg和Fe的含量基本维持稳定。但根中K和Mg的含量大幅度下降,而Fe则显著增加。香根草对60 mmol·L~(-1)以下的Mn胁迫有较好的耐受和积累能力,具有修复Mn污染环境的潜力。限制Mn离子的吸收和转运、增加PSⅡ调节性能量耗散消耗、维持叶中Mg、Fe的相对稳定是香根草对高Mn胁迫的适应性响应。     

土壤重金属镉、铅污染的植物修复技术研究进展

重金属在土壤中大部分具有稳定、积累和不易消除等特点,可通过食物链的富集作用对人类产生危害.由于镉的毒性最强,铅的分布最广,所以成为重金属污染植物修复的研究重点与热点.针对目前发现的修复植物多存在生物量过低、修复种类单一等缺陷,对镉、铅污染的植物修复技术类型、原理、特点以及分子生物学等现代生物技术进行了论述与比较,并提出...     

重金属复合污染植物修复的研究进展

为重金属复合污染领域的深层次研究提供参考,对近年来植物及土壤中重金属复合污染影响的研究、复合污染交互作用类型以及交互作用机理的研究进展进行了综述。总结了重金属复合污染的交互作用的影响因素,讨论了新的研究方法及其研究的意义,并对复合污染研究的方向进行展望。     

大气污染物的植物修复

综述了国内外利用植物修复大气污染的研究现状和趋势,总结了植物修复大气污染的影响因素和存在的问题,并论述了应将研究成果系统化、信息化的必要性.     

植物修复重金属汞、镉、铬污染土壤的研究进展

土壤重金属污染已经成为了全球研究的热点。植物修复以其简便、经济、无二次污染等优点成为了众多修复手段中的佼佼者。本文归纳了汞、镉、铬污染土壤的单纯植物修复、添加化学调控剂的植物修复以及植物与微生物的联合修复的最新进展,探讨了植物修复土壤重金属存在的问题,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

重金属污染土壤木本-草本联合修复研究进展

植物修复是一种新型的重金属污染土壤修复技术,由于原位修复、费用低、太阳能驱动等优点而成为研究者关注的热点。但是,植物修复技术目前仍存在重金属生物有效态含量低和修复植物生物量小的2个制约因子,寻找新的环境友好活化剂和具有高萃取率的植物修复模式是研究者必须解决的技术瓶颈。笔者在国内外研究文献的基础上,总结了木本、草本植物在重金属土壤污染修复方面的已有研究,并结合生态位理论,分析了木本-草本联合修复在土壤重金属污染治理中的可行性,提出了木本-草本联合修复尚需解决的科学问题。     

矿山及周边地区多金属污染土壤修复研究进展

本文阐述了矿区多金属污染土壤植物修复的研究现状及其修复实践.结合国内外多金属污染土壤修复技术与机理研究动态,指出当前相关领域研究中存在的主要问题及未来的研究方向;同时考虑矿山及周边地区重金属污染土壤的不同特点,提出今后的重点是开展分别以植物稳定和植物提取为核心的植物-微生物-化学联合修复机理研究及修复体系建设.