Heavy metal uptake and translocation by Justicia gendarussa Burm F. from textile sludge contaminated soil

Abstract

Heavy metals are dangerous environmental pollutants that can be transferred and accumulated in human and animal bodies causing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and carcinogenic effects. A glass house experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of Justicia gendarussa Burm F. to absorb heavy metals from textile industry sludge. Justicia gendarussa seedlings were planted on six different growth media (soil+sludge) comprising: 100% soil, 100% sludge, 80% sludge+20% soil, 60% sludge+40% soil, 40% sludge+60% soil and 20% sludge+80% soil. The maximum height increment and number of leaves were found in 20% sludge+80% soil while the highest basal diameter increment was recorded in the 100% sludge. Copper and iron were highly concentrated in the roots, zinc in the leaves, while aluminium was concentrated in both leaves and stems. Justicia gendarussa seems to have a high potential to absorb high amounts of Al and Fe in the leaves and roots. This species showed high translocation (TF) and low bioconcentration factor (BCF) in the contaminated soil. Justicia gendarussa was able to tolerate and accumulate a high concentration of heavy metals. Therefore, this species can be considered as a potential phytoremediator.     

Influence of Ammonium and Nitrate Nutrition on Plant Growth and Zinc Accumulation by Indian Mustard

ABSTRACT

The source of nitrogen (N) used in soil fertility practices affects plant growth, nutrient absorption, and the availability of nutrients. Consequently, the potential of plants to extract zinc (Zn) from soils may be increased by controlling the ratio of NH₄ ⁺ to NO₃ ^? to maximize growth and Zn accumulation. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of Zn supply and different molar ratios of NH₄ ⁺ to NO₃ ^? on growth and Zn accumulation in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea Czern.). In a factorial experiment with solution culture, Indian mustard (accession 182921) was supplied with two concentrations of Zn (0.05 and 4.0 mg L^?1) in combination with six N treatments with different molar percentage ratios of NH₄ ⁺ to NO₃ ^? (0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, and 50:50) for three weeks. Zinc supplied at 0.05 mg Zn L^?1 represented a common concentration of Zn in solution culture, whereas 4.0 mg Zn L^?1 was excessive for plant nutrition. If the supply of Zn in solution was excessive, plants developed symptoms of foliar chlorosis, which became severe if plants were supplied with 80% of N as NO₃ ^?. Supplying high proportions of NO₃ ^? in the nutrient medium stimulated Zn accumulation, whereas increasing proportions of NH₄ ⁺ (up to 50% of the total N) enhanced shoot growth. The pH of nutrient solutions generally decreased with increasing proportion of NH₄ ⁺ in solutions and with increased Zn supply. The Zn phytoextraction potential of Indian mustard was maximized, at about 15 mg Zn plant^?1, if plants received 10% of the total N as NH₄ ⁺ and 90% as NO₃ ^?.     

凤眼莲修复农村微污染小型水域研究

为了解凤眼莲对农村微污染小型水域的修复效果,以流经郑州郊区农村的十八里河河水作为对照(A组),向其添加有机质、氮磷营养物质的B、C 2组为微污染水样,采用凤眼莲静态培养,通过测定水样中化学需氧量(COD)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)及氨氮(NH3-N)含量,监测凤眼莲对污染水样的净化效果。结果表明,凤眼莲对水样中COD、TP、NH3-N的去除率增幅随时间增加而减小,在最初6d都表现出较高的去除率,且各指标的初始质量浓度越高,去除率亦越大;对TN的去除率增幅随时间增加表现为先增加后减小,TN的去除是一个相对缓慢的过程。在18d内凤眼莲对水样中COD、TP、TN和NH3-N的去除率分别介于69.27%～74.15%、69.20%～83.61%、71.86%～75.01%和64.26%～94.50%。可见,凤眼莲对微污染水域中COD、TP、NH3-N、TN均具有较好的净化效果,可用于修复该类水体。     

鸭跖草对镉的耐性及富集特征

通过温室盆栽试验,研究鸭跖草(Commelina communis Linn.)对Cd的耐性和富集特征.结果表明,鸭跖草的根系生物量随着土壤Cd浓度的增加先增加后恢复正常,茎、叶、地上部生物量随着土壤Cd浓度的增加先增加然后下降最后恢复正常.鸭跖草各部位的干重在土壤Cd浓度为8 mg/kg时最大,在60 mg/kg时达到最低,在100 mg/kg时与未污染情况时相当.植物体内的Cd浓度和提取量随土壤中Cd浓度的增加,当土壤中Cd浓度为100 mg/kg时,鸭跖草根部、茎和叶的Cd浓度和提取量达到最大,分别为281、35、34 mg/kg,Cd提取量分别为98、30、30μg/株.研究结果表明,鸭跖草是Cd的耐性植物,可应用于Cd污染土壤的植物稳定技术或矿山废弃地的植被重建.     

不同黄、红麻对土壤重金属的积累和分布特性研究

通过研究不同黄、红麻品种对土壤重金属吸收和富集的特性,了解其生长耐受性及植株各器官对重金属Zn、Cd、As、Pb的积累和分布特性。结果表明:随着植株的生长,黄、红麻各器官对Zn的积累分布较均匀;As的积累呈不断上升趋势,根>叶(籽粒)>茎秆;Cd的积累呈不断下降趋势,根>叶(籽粒)>茎秆;Pb的积累有增有降,根>茎秆>叶(籽粒);在土壤重金属胁迫下耐受性较好的黄、红麻品种有红麻09-1、09-3、09-5和黄麻09-2、09-3、09-5。     

超积累植物壶瓶碎米荠的镉富集

通过野外调查和人工栽培试验,研究了壶瓶碎米荠(Cardamine hupingshanensis)植株的镉含量。在自然条件下,壶瓶碎米荠植株平均镉含量随着生长时间的推移而增加;地上部镉含量变化范围为189～3 800 mg/kg,地上部与地下部镉含量的比值为1.13,变化范围为0.83～1.42;富集系数的平均值为209.10,变化范围为42.28～913.50。在人工栽培条件下,壶瓶碎米荠地上部镉含量随土壤中镉浓度的增加而增加,当土壤中镉含量超过50.00mg/kg,生物产量开始降低。在相同的土壤条件下,大棚栽培条件下壶瓶碎米荠植株富集镉能力和生物产量均好于露天栽培条件。表明,壶瓶碎米荠是一种生物产量高、富集镉能力强的超积累新材料,在土壤镉污染修复方面具有比较好的应用前景。     

施肥措施对重金属污染土壤-植物系统影响的研究进展

植物修复作为一种原位修复方法，因其投入成本低、拥有良好的经济效益和生态协调性等优点而成为国内外研究热点，在重金属污染农田实地得到广泛应用。本文综述施肥农艺措施强化重金属污染土壤植物修复以及对土壤-植物系统影响的研究进展，如土壤重金属含量和生物有效性的影响等，以便进一步提高植物修复效率，为今后规模化修复重金属污染农田土壤提供参考。     

高锰胁迫对香根草矿质元素吸收及光合系统的影响

为了探讨高锰(Mn)胁迫对香根草矿质元素吸收、光合系统的影响,揭示香根草对高Mn胁迫的耐受能力、Mn积累特征及生理响应,通过水培试验,研究不同浓度Mn胁迫(15、30、60、120 mmol·L~(-1))下香根草叶绿素含量SPAD值、光合以及叶绿素荧光指标、K、Mg、Fe元素含量等生理生化指标的变化。在Mn处理下,香根草的SPAD值、叶片含水率、株高、植株干物质质量、K含量、净光合速率(Pn)、潜在最大电子传导率(ETR_(max))等参数均呈现出下降的趋势。但在15～60 mmol·L~(-1)Mn处理下,香根草的植株干物质质量为对照的77.6%～88.1%;光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、SPAD值等部分参数接近正常水平或降幅较小;且根叶中的Mn含量分别为14 393～18 845 mg·kg~(-1)和4118～4782 mg·kg~(-1);根中的Mn富集系数也大于1。此外,还发现在30～120 mmol·L~(-1)Mn处理下,根中的Mn含量没有明显差异,但根部的Mn富集系数持续下降;而在15～60 mmol·L~(-1)处理下,叶中的Mn含量和转移系数没有明显差异。在Mn胁迫下,随着光照强度的增加,非调节性被动能量耗散Y(NO)保持稳定,而调节性主动耗散Y(NPQ)增加。高Mn处理下叶中K含量有小幅降低,Mg和Fe的含量基本维持稳定。但根中K和Mg的含量大幅度下降,而Fe则显著增加。香根草对60 mmol·L~(-1)以下的Mn胁迫有较好的耐受和积累能力,具有修复Mn污染环境的潜力。限制Mn离子的吸收和转运、增加PSⅡ调节性能量耗散消耗、维持叶中Mg、Fe的相对稳定是香根草对高Mn胁迫的适应性响应。     

4种适生植物对陇东地区油污土壤场地生态修复的响应

[目的]选取陇东黄土高原地区4种本地植物作为试验材料,进行了为期3个月的场地生态修复工程,旨在为该地区开展油污土壤植物场地生态修复技术提供新的植物品种和基础数据参考。[方法]采用常规方法测定了不同油污浓度胁迫下受试植物根际土壤总石油烃(TPH)降解率、降解菌数量及部分生长指标在不同油污浓度胁迫时响应情况。[结果](1)紫花苜蓿和金盏菊根际TPH降解率在轻度污染时相对较高,而重度污染时菊科植物显著高于豆科植物(p0.05);(2)油污浓度增加可显著抑制菊科植物根长以及豆科植物根际石油降解菌数量(p0.05),亦对紫花苜蓿地上部干重及金盏菊地下部干重和株高则有显著促进作用(p0.05);(3)方差分解结果显示:石油降解菌数量×TPH转移效率以及植物生长指标×石油降解菌数量的交互作用是决定两种菊科植物TPH降解率的关键因素。[结论]4种适生植物各项指标对陇东地区油污土壤场地生态修复的响应方式因种而异,而两种菊科植物油污耐受性和修复效果相对较好,因此在该地区具备一定的应用潜力。