甘蓝型油菜油酸脱氢酶基因(fad2)多个拷贝的发现及分析

以甘蓝型油菜湘油15为材料, 随机挑选56个来自基因组的fad2基因克隆、47个来自幼苗整株的fad2基因cDNA克隆和9个授粉27 d后种子中fad2 cDNA克隆进行双向测序。基因组中56个fad2序列的碱基同源性为91.0%~99.9%, 从中得到11个差异序列, 即11个不同的fad2基因拷贝。将其翻译成氨基酸序列发现, 6个拷贝在编码区中出现多个终止密码子, 另外5个的同源性为90.60%~99.74%, 与47个来自幼苗整株的fad2基因cDNA序列进行比较, 发现fad2基因没有内含子。从种子中的9个fad2 cDNA克隆序列中找到2个有差异的cDNA, 它们的编码区中没有终止密码子, 说明在种子中有多个fad2基因表达。基因组中的11个拷贝根据同源性可分成两组, 命名为fad2I和fad2II。RT-PCR分析发现在授粉27 d的种子中fad2I有较强表达, fad2II没有表达; 但在叶片中两者都有表达。     

油茶SAD基因原核表达载体构建

为研究油茶种子SAD基因的预期功能,以报道的油茶SAD的CDS为模板设计引物,RT-PCR及TA克隆获得含有酶切位点的CDS片段。经过PCR及测序验证序列的正确性后,将PCR扩增产物双酶切后与同样经双酶切的原核表达载体pET30a连接,转化BL21（DE3）菌株。菌液PCR所得条带与预期一致,对于重组质粒的双酶切后两类产物电泳的条带分布符合经验分布规律。多种鉴定结果表明已成功构建适宜于原核表达用的重组载体。     

Effects of dietary alpha‐linolenic acids on growth performance,lipid metabolism and antioxidant responses of juvenile Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii

Five isonitrogenous diets were formulated with graded alpha‐linolenic acid (LNA) levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg) to investigate LNA requirement of juvenile Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii. Weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed LNA5 and LNA10 were significantly higher than those in other groups, while the feed conversion ratio of these two groups was lower than others. Dietary LNA increased n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and n‐3/n‐6 ratio, but decreased saturated fatty acid contents in the liver. DHA in the fish tissue also increased with the increased dietary LNA. The superoxide dismutase activity was highest in fish fed LNA5. Fish fed LNA10 showed the highest catalase activity and the highest malondialdehyde content. A 459‐bp fragment of Δ6 fatty acid desaturase and a 474‐bp fragment of elongases of very long chain fatty acids 5 were cloned and analysed. The expressions of these two genes were higher in fish fed LNA15 and LNA20. The highest hepatic lipase activity occurred in fish fed LNA 20, and the malate dehydrogenase activity peaked in the LNA5 group. Based on SGR and FCR, the range of optimum dietary LNA concentration for juvenile Russian sturgeon is recommended at 6.85–10.69 g/kg.     

草莓八氢番茄红素合成酶基因的克隆及其表达特性

 【目的】分离和克隆草莓果实八氢番茄红素合成酶基因psy,分析其序列特征,了解其在不同组织部位的表达情况。【方法】采用RT-PCR和RACE技术从草莓果实中克隆草莓类胡萝卜素合成途径中关键基因psy,用生物信息学方法对获得的cDNA序列及推定氨基酸序列进行分析,并用半定量PCR法研究psy基因在不同组织中的表达。【结果】分离到psy基因,GenBank登录号为FJ784889。该cDNA全长1 458 bp,具有1个1 194 bp的完整开放阅读框(ORF),编码398个氨基酸。序列分析表明,psy编码的氨基酸序列与其它植物的PSY蛋白有很高的相似性。系统进化树分析显示,草莓PSY与胡萝卜和玉米的PSY蛋白亲缘关系比较近。原核表达结果表明psy基因在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达。利用半定量RT-PCR技术进行组织表达模式分析发现,psy基因在草莓的花、叶片和果实中均有表达。表达量为花＞红果＞粉红果＞白果＞青果＞老叶＞新叶。【结论】从草莓中克隆到类胡萝卜素生物合成的关键酶基因psy,该基因可能参与调控类胡萝卜素的合成。     

白菜型油菜八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因PDS3的克隆与序列分析

利用电子克隆技术,从数据库中找到与拟南芥高度同源的油菜EST序列,继而通过RT-PCR和RACE等方法,成功克隆了白菜型油菜八氢番茄红素脱氢酶（类胡萝卜素合成途径中的一个关键限速酶）基因PDS3的cDNA,命名为BrPDS3（GenBank 登记号GQ200741）。cDNA序列全长1940bp,其中包含114bp的5’前导序列和134bp的3’不翻译序列,编码区长度为1 692bp,编码63kD的蛋白。序列分析表明,BrPDS3蛋白与其他植物的PDS蛋白具有较高相似性;在系统进化树中,BrPDS3与甘蓝亲缘关系最近。根据全长cDNA序列设计引物,从白菜型油菜青油13号DNA中克隆得到BrPDS3基因的全长DNA,长度为3 911bp,ORF（开放阅读框）1 692bp,含有15个外显子和14个内含子。     

Inventory of Fatty Acid Desaturases in the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

The diatom Phaeodactylum is rich in very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Fatty acid (FA) synthesis, elongation, and desaturation have been studied in depth in plants including Arabidopsis, but for secondary endosymbionts the full picture remains unclear. FAs are synthesized up to a chain length of 18 carbons inside chloroplasts, where they can be incorporated into glycerolipids. They are also exported to the ER for phospho- and betaine lipid syntheses. Elongation of FAs up to 22 carbons occurs in the ER. PUFAs can be reimported into plastids to serve as precursors for glycerolipids. In both organelles, FA desaturases are present, introducing double bonds between carbon atoms and giving rise to a variety of molecular species. In addition to the four desaturases characterized in Phaeodactylum (FAD2, FAD6, PtD5, PtD6), we identified eight putative desaturase genes. Combining subcellular localization predictions and comparisons with desaturases from other organisms like Arabidopsis, we propose a scheme at the whole cell level, including features that are likely specific to secondary endosymbionts.     

Effects of dietary corn oil and vitamin E supplementation on fatty acid profiles and expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase gene in Hu sheep

This study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary corn oil and vitamin E supplementation on fatty acid (FA) profiles and abundances of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) and Δ⁹ stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) mRNA of Hu sheep. Animals were allocated to three dietary treatments: basal and supplemented with 3% corn oil (CNO), or CNO plus 500 mg/kg vitamin E (COE). The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. No differences were observed in growth performance and carcass qualities among the three treatments (P > 0.05). Feeding CNO and COE diets increased polyunsaturated FAs including cis 9 trans 11 conjugated linoleic acid, and decreased saturated FA in longissimus muscle (P < 0.05). The mRNA abundances of ACC and SCD as detected by real‐time PCR were reduced (P < 0.05) in liver and subcutaneous fat by supplementary oil, while the SCD mRNA level in longissimus muscle was also reduced (P < 0.05). Inclusion of vitamin E did not have further effects on mRNA abundances of these two enzymes. It is suggested that dietary corn oil supplementation may reduce FA biosynthesis and influence FA profiles in Hu sheep through decreased expression of both ACC and SCD genes.     

以分子标记辅助连续回交快速提高花生品种油酸含量及对其后代农艺性状的评价

高油酸是花生重要的品质性状,高油酸花生及其制品具有较好的品质稳定性和较高的营养和保健价值。我国高油酸花生的育成品种类型较少,遗传背景不够丰富,育种手段比较单一。针对上述问题,本研究开发了AS-PCR-MP高油酸分子标记检测方法,优化了KASP分子标记检测体系,利用分子标记辅助连续回交,结合近红外品质快速检测技术及南繁加代技术,以河南省大面积推广的豫花15、远杂9102、豫花9327、豫花9326四个不同类型品种为轮回亲本, 5年内连续回交4代、自交4代,定向获得了4个轮回亲本遗传背景的BC4F4和BC4F5稳定高油酸改良材料24个。调查分析了BC4F4和BC4F5单株的13个农艺性状与轮回亲本的相似度,并利用轮回亲本与非轮回亲本之间的差异SNP的KASP分子标记进行了BC4F4和BC4F5株系的轮回亲本遗传背景检测。结果表明,轮回亲本的遗传背景在BC4F5的比例为79.49%～92.31%。本研究为快速高效改良花生油酸含量探索了新的方法,获得的新品系拓展了高油酸花生的遗传背景,获得的一系列近等基因系可作为遗传研究材料进一步加以利用。