NaHS引发提高裸燕麦种子活力的生理机制

硫化氢(H2S)信号在作物种子萌发中发挥着重要作用.为探讨外源H2S供体NaHS引发提高作物种子活力的作用及其生理机制,以裸燕麦种子为材料,分别用不同浓度NaHS(0、50、100、200、400、800、1600μmol·L-1)引发18 h和800μmol·L-1 NaHS引发不同时间(6、9、12、15、18、2...     

桃小食心虫回升原因及防治对策

桃小食心虫是果树主要蛀果害虫和防治对象,根据调查显示近几年由于防治失控及气候原因,桃小食心虫的发生有明显回升。针对其回升原因及生物学特征提出一系列的防治措施。     

中量元素肥对玉米生理指标和产量性状的影响

以丹玉39和沈玉17为供试品种,通过田间试验,研究了S肥和Mg肥不同的施用量对玉米生理指标和产量性状的影响,初步探讨合适的硫肥和镁肥施用量.结果表明,合理的施用S肥和Mg肥对玉米杂交种的叶面积指数、叶绿素含量等生理指标及穗长、穗粒数等产量性状的影响较大,一般以每公顷30 kg左右S肥、115 kg左右Mg肥比较合适,对玉米杂交种的增产会有显着的促进作用.     

水分胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生理指标的影响

以‘津优1号’和‘春四’黄瓜为试验材料,研究了不同程度水分胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生理生化指标的影响,以期为黄瓜的抗旱机制研究和抗旱栽培提供理论依据。结果显示,随着水分胁迫程度的增大,2个黄瓜品种幼苗的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素a+b含量逐渐下降;相对电导率、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量以及SOD活性都随着水分胁迫程度的增大呈明显上升趋势。隶属函数法评定这2个黄瓜品种的耐旱性顺序为‘津优1号’>‘春四’。     

蛤蜊岗不同贝龄四角蛤蜊数量性状的通径分析

为研究蛤蜊岗不同贝龄四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)形态性状与质量性状之间的相关性,采用相关分析、通径分析和多元回归分析等方法,对1~3龄四角蛤蜊的壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)、壳高(SH)、活体湿重(BW)和软组织湿重(RW)等参数进行分析,建立形态性状与质量性状之间的回归方程。结果显示,不同生长阶段四角蛤蜊形态性状对质量性状的贡献存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。与1~3龄四角蛤蜊活体湿重最相关的形态性状均为壳宽。对软组织湿重影响最大的形态性状,在1龄贝为壳宽,在2龄和3龄贝为壳长。壳高对2龄四角蛤蜊活体湿重和软组织湿重的直接通径系数均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。以活体湿重为目标性状时,1~3龄贝均应以壳宽为主要选择性状,并以壳长作为辅助选择性状;以软组织湿重为目标性状时,1龄贝应以壳宽为主要选择性状,同时辅以壳长;2龄和3龄贝均应以壳长为主要选择性状,并分别以壳宽和壳高作为2龄贝和3龄贝的辅助选择性状。研究结果可为蛤蜊岗四角蛤蜊良种选育提供基础数据。     

1-甲基环丙烯对采后桂花的保鲜效果及生理影响

以采后桂花为试材,用100nL&#183;L^-1、200nL&#183;L^-1、300nL&#183;L^-13个不同浓度的1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）处理。以清水处理为对照。结果表明,1-MCP预处理可以延长桂花的贮藏寿命,延缓类胡萝卜素和花青素含量的下降,保持细胞质膜的完整性,减少MDA积累,延缓可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量、保护酶POD和CAT活性的降低,其中以200nL&#183;L^-1处理效果最好,其次为100nL&#183;L^-1处理。     

氨基酸硒叶面肥对吐鲁番秋季露地甜瓜叶片早衰生理特性的影响

[目的]研究叶面喷施不同浓度氨基酸硒肥,对新疆吐鲁番秋季露地甜瓜早衰生理的影响,筛选出秋季露地甜瓜早衰延缓和调控技术中氨基酸硒肥的最佳施用浓度和频次.[方法]在吐鲁番秋季露地栽培条件下,以露地甜瓜主栽品种'西州密17号'为试材,从初花期开始设置叶面喷施不同浓度氨基酸硒肥处理,以清水为对照,分析不同浓度氨基酸硒肥对甜瓜叶...     

副溶血弧菌对南美白对虾生理生化指标的影响

在自然条件下从患红体病的养殖南美白对虾肝脏内分离出病原菌——副溶血弧菌,将该菌通过肌肉注射的方式,对南美白对虾做感染实验,以探讨副溶血弧菌对南美白对虾生理生化指标的影响。注射弧菌后南美白对虾死亡率与时间、浓度呈正相关,与半致死剂量呈负相关;虾体肌肉、肝脏组织的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、溶菌酶（LSZ）酶活性随弧菌浓度的增加呈下降的趋势,而过氧化物酶（POD）酶活性呈上升趋势,这可能是应激反应;酯酶同工酶（EST）酶带表现出缺失,苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶（MDH）具有明显的组织特异性,并且两种酶在肌肉组织中表达最强。副溶菌弧菌感染后破坏了虾体的免疫系统,导致免疫机能的损坏,防病、抗病能力下降,进一步导致虾体患病,甚至死亡。     

Physiological response of flag leaf and yield formation of winter wheat under different spring restrictive irrigation regimes in the Haihe Plain,China

In order to identify the optimum period of spring water-restrictive irrigation for winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) in the Haihe Plain, China and elucidate its effects on flag leaf senescence and yield formation, field experiments were conducted at the Xinji Experimental Station of Hebei Agricultural University from 2016 to 2019 by using different irrigation regimes in spring, including the conventional regime involving two irrigation periods(control(CK), the 3-leaf unfolding stage and the anthesis stage) and a series of single, restrictive irrigation regimes(SRI) comprising irrigation at the 3-leaf unfolding stage(3 LI), 4 LI, 5 LI, and 6 LI. There are five major findings:(1) The senescence(determined by the green leaf area, GLA) in the 4 LI treatment occurred moderately earlier than that in CK, showed no significant difference with that in 5 LI and 6 LI, and occurred significantly later than that in 3 LI.(2) Compared with other SRI treatments, the GLA value and photosynthetic rate in 4 LI were 14.82 and 20.1% higher, respectively. Microstructural analysis of flag leaf also revealed that the mesophyll cells and chloroplasts were irregularly arranged under drought stress in 3 LI and 6 LI; however, drought stress had minimal negative effects on the microstructure in 4 LI and 5 LI.(3) Postponed irrigation in spring could significantly increase superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activities in the early stage of grain filling; however, these activities would subsequently decrease. Among the four SRI treatments, the overall enzyme activities were the highest in 4 LI, and the combined malondialdehyde(MDA) content in flag leaves in 4 LI and 5 LI was 14.5% lower on average than that in 3 LI and 6 LI.(4) The soluble sugar(SS) and proline(Pro) contents in 4 LI were the highest among the four SRI treatments; however, they were lower than those in CK. The abscisic acid(ABA) hormone content in 4 LI and 5 LI was lower than that in 3 LI and 6 LI, respectively, suggesting a smaller drought stress effect in 4 LI and 5 LI.(5) In two growing seasons, there was a larger number of spikes per unit area in 4 LI(i.e., 13.4% higher than that in 5 LI and 6 LI) and the 1 000-grain weight in 4 LI was the highest among the four SRI treatments(i.e., 6.0% higher than that in the other three SRI treatments). Therefore, a single restrictive irrigation regime at the 4-leaf unfolding stage is recommended to be effective in slowing down the senescence process of flag leaves and achieving high yield.     

园林植物对重金属胁迫的响应研究现状

从重金属对城市园林植物生长的影响以及城市园林植物对重金属吸收2个方面综述了园林植物对重金属胁迫响应的研究进展, 并根据当前研究的成果, 就今后的研究重点进行了简要阐述。