箭筈豌豆新品种DUS测试指南研制—测试性状评价和参照品种筛选

以国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)制定的植物新品种DUS(distinctness, uniformity and stability)测试指南总则(TG/1/3)、箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南(TG/32/7)等技术文件为指导,对箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南的核心技术内容:测试性状和参照品种等开展了研究。在国内外共收集到51个箭筈豌豆品种,并进行连续2年的田间观测。观测性状总计31个,包括UPOV箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南中的23个性状,以及本实验发现有特异性的8个新增性状。对每个测试性状的表达状态、观测时期、测定方法、观测数量等进行了分级和详尽描述。共筛选出32个参照品种(国际21个, 我国11个),确定了123个表达状态。并对UPOV 箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南中“外种皮底色”和“种子形状”表达状态的分级进行了补充。本研究结果可为我国箭筈豌豆新品种 DUS 测试指南的制定奠定技术基础,对促进我国箭筈豌豆品种保护、审定和育种工作具有重要的意义。     

α-乳白蛋白的功能特性及其在婴儿配方乳粉中的应用

α-乳白蛋白是母乳蛋白质的重要成分,α-乳白蛋白的母乳化是婴儿配方乳粉模拟母乳蛋白质研究的重要组成部分。本文从α-乳白蛋白的氨基酸组成和立体结构两方面介绍α-乳白蛋白的结构,论述α-乳白蛋白的功能特性及其在婴儿配方乳粉中的应用,为广大婴儿配方乳粉科研工作者提供参考。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的诊断与防治

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征是由PRRSV变异株引起的一种急性高致病性传染病,近些年给养猪业造成巨大的损失。文章就高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的最新流行特点、诊断、防治等方面予以介绍。     

驼绒藜属植物生态生物学特性及栽培技术研究

驼绒藜属植物属于耐寒、耐旱、耐贫瘠、耐风蚀、繁殖力强的喜沙半灌木。综述了驼绒藜属植物的生态生物学特性,并从采种与种子处理、地块的选择与整地、播种与育苗、草地的培育、苗期的管护等方面介绍了驼绒藜属植物的栽培技术。     

猪源芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

从自然生长的健康猪肠道中分离到13株芽孢杆菌,通过生理生化试验初步鉴定其中9株为枯草芽孢杆菌,2株为巨大芽孢杆菌,1株为地衣芽孢杆菌,1株为凝结芽孢杆菌;对这13株芽孢杆菌分别进行了耐酸性试验、耐胆盐试验、体外抑菌试验和动物安全性试验。结果表明,其中1株地衣芽孢杆菌B7株和1株枯草芽孢杆菌B9株均有较强的耐酸、耐胆盐能力,对致病性大肠杆菌具有较好的体外抑制能力,且均安全无毒,可作为动物用益生菌制剂的候选菌种。     

新城疫病毒囊膜糖蛋白生物学特性的研究进展

新城疫是当今全球范围内最严重的禽类传染病之一。其病原新城疫病毒是单股负链RNA病毒,编码NP、P、M、F、HN和L 6种结构蛋白,其中最主要的是位于囊膜上的F和HN两种糖蛋白。F蛋白具有使病毒囊膜与宿主细胞膜融合,致使病毒穿入宿主细胞膜的作用,是决定病毒毒力的关键因子;HN蛋白具有血凝素和神经氨酸酶两种活性,这两种活性对于NDV侵染细胞具有重要的作用。这两种糖蛋白不仅对NDV的毒力及致病性方面起着决定性作用,而且也是诱导产生保护性抗体的蛋白。作者主要对这两种蛋白的结构与功能作一概述。     

水分胁迫及复水对达乌里胡枝子光合特性的影响

以来自山西的6个生态型达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica(Laxm.)Schindl)为材料,通过测定干旱胁迫和复水后植物叶片净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、水分利用效率(WUE)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)和叶绿素含量等指标,研究了不同生态型达乌里胡枝子在水分胁迫下和复水后光合特性与抗旱性的关系。结果表明:随干旱胁迫程度加剧,6个生态型达乌里胡枝子P_n,T_r和G_s值均有较大幅度的降低,水分利用效率呈下降趋势,光合作用减弱。其中沁水和沁源生态型的P_n下降速度快、幅度大、抗旱性差,阳泉和交口生态型的P_n下降速度慢、幅度小、抗旱性强;复水后抗旱性强的生态型恢复至正常状态的能力强,其WUE比抗旱性差的生态型高。抗旱性由强到弱的顺序是:阳泉>交口>太谷>静乐>沁源>沁水。     

Effects of feeding different levels of concentrate on growth and carcass characteristics in younger Japanese Black cattle

The effects of a higher concentrate feed during the raising period on the growth and carcass of Japanese Black cattle being fattened at a younger age were investigated using three pairs of artificially bred identical twins and three pairs of full‐sibs. The animals were fed the concentrate at 2.4%/day (2.4% group) and 1.2%/day (1.2% group) comparative bodyweight (BW) during the raising period. The BW and subcutaneous fat thickness were measured every month using ultrasonic equipment. The animals were slaughtered at the age of 24 months. The BW of the 2.4% group from the age of 6–10 months appeared to be higher than that of the 1.2% group (P < 0.1). The subcutaneous fat of the 2.4% group from the age of 7–11 months was thicker than that of the 1.2% group (P < 0.1). After those ages, the BW and subcutaneous fat of the two groups did not differ and there was no difference in the carcass characteristics between the two groups. Using a higher concentrate feed during the raising period for younger fattening of Japanese Black cattle influenced growth from the late half of the raising period to the early part of the fattening period.     

9个野生早熟禾对低温胁迫的生理响应及苗期抗寒性评价

以甘肃省境内采集的9个野生早熟禾（Poa）为试验材料,设5,0,-5,-10℃共4个温度处理,探讨其对低温胁迫的生理响应和抗寒性,为抗寒早熟禾种质材料筛选和新品种选育提供依据。结果表明：随着温度下降,各材料的叶片相对膜透性逐渐增大,游离脯氨酸（Pro）、可溶性糖（SS）、可溶性蛋白（SP）、丙二醛（MDA）含量逐渐增加,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性逐渐增强。运用隶属函数法综合评价9个材料苗期抗寒性发现,一年生早熟禾（P. annua）抗寒性最强,小药早熟禾（P. micrandra）、草地早熟禾（天祝）（P. pratensis）和草地早熟禾（甘南）抗寒性中等;硬质早熟禾（P. sphondylodes）、波伐早熟禾（P. poophagorum）、草地早熟禾（肃南）、草地早熟禾 （渭源）、草地早熟禾（兴隆山）抗寒性弱。相关性分析表明,SP含量与抗寒综合评价值极显著正相关（P<0.01）,POD活性与抗寒综合评价值显著正相关 （P<0.05）,Pro含量、SS含量、SOD活性、海拔与抗寒综合评价值成正相关,相对膜透性、MDA含量和年均温与抗寒综合评价值成负相关。     

Farm-level factors associated with above-average production on pig farms in Evia, Greece

The aim of this study was to identify farm-level factors associated with above-average production of pig farms in Evia, Greece. Cross-sectional data on pig farm characteristics and management, farmer characteristics, worming practices, anthelmintics used, and the parasite loads of 10 randomly selected boars, sows, weaners, and fatteners were collected from 28 pig enterprises in the Evian region of Greece (74% of the total number of pig enterprises in this region). Above-average productivity was defined as weaning 18 or more piglets per sow per year. A multivariate logistic regression model found that employing immigrant workers reduced the odds of a farm being an above-average producer (OR 0.016, 95% CI 0.001–0.27), while having a veterinarian select the anthelmintic strategy significantly increased the odds of a farm being an above-average producer (OR 10.24, 95% CI 0.78–135.13). None of the gastrointestinal parasites under investigation were significantly associated with above-average productivity. It is concluded that despite the fact that endoparasite load was not significantly associated with above-average production, a quantification of the impact of intestinal worms on pig productivity is needed to know how much control can be envisaged for gastrointestinal worms before reaching the threshold at which it is no longer physically or financially reasonable to continue pursuing control.