互叶白千层油(茶树油)对肉鸡小肠黏膜组织结构及肠道免疫细胞的影响

选用1日龄的雌性岭南黄肉鸡99只,随机分为3组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,每组33只。对照组常规饲养,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组分别在饮水中添加0.012 mL/L和0.020 mL/L的茶树油,试验至45日龄结束。解剖取十二指肠、空肠、回肠进行HE染色和PAS染色,观察小肠黏膜形态、上皮内淋巴细胞及杯状细胞数目。结果显示,2个试验组与对照组相比,各段小肠的绒毛长度增加,肠壁变薄,隐窝深度变浅,肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值增加;2个试验组的上皮内杯状细胞和淋巴细胞的数目高于对照组。结果表明,茶树油能够改善肉鸡小肠黏膜结构,增加小肠上皮内免疫细胞数量,提示茶树油对肉鸡的肠道吸收和肠道免疫功能具有增强作用。     

茶树精油兽用消毒剂中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇检测方法的建立

通过检测茶树精油兽用消毒剂中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇的含量,并建立茶树精油中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇的气相色谱检测方法,为茶树精油新制剂的质量标准研究提供理论依据。采用水蒸气蒸馏法先将茶树精油兽用消毒剂中的茶树精油提取出来,再用GC法测定提取的挥发油中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇的含量。茶树精油兽用消毒剂不同批次中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇含量保持稳定;1,8-桉叶素在0.013mg/mL～0.41 mg/mL之间具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 98),松油烯-4-醇在0.175 mg/mL～5.575mg/mL之间具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 93),1,8-桉叶素的平均加样回收率为99.19%,RSD为1.89%(n=6),松油烯-4-醇的平均加样回收率为102.58%,RSD为1.45%(n=6)。该方法能够简便、准确、快速的测定茶树精油兽用消毒剂中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇的含量,可为茶树精油兽用消毒剂的质量评价提供依据。     

Genetic diversity of Bangladeshi native chickens based on complete sequence of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region

ABSTRACT

1. The aim of this study was to explore genetic diversity and possible origin of Bangladeshi (BD) native chickens. The complete mtDNA D-loop region was sequenced in 60 chickens representing five populations; naked neck, full feathered, Aseel, Hilly and autosomal dwarf. The 61 reference sequences representing different domestic chicken clades in China, India, Laos, Indonesia, Myanmar, and other Eurasian regions were included. The mtDNA D-loop sequence polymorphism and maternal origin of five BD populations were analysed.

2. A total of 35 polymorphic sites, and 21 haplotypes were detected in 60 mtDNA D-loop sequences. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity of the five populations were 0.921 ± 0.018 and 0.0061 ± 0.0019, respectively. Both mtDNA network and phylogenetic analysis indicated four clades (four haplogroups) in BD populations (21 haplotypes) along with 61 reference haplotypes. Clade E contained the most individuals (20) and haplotypes (11) of BD chickens, followed by clade D (17, 6), clade C (12, 2) and clade F (11, 2), respectively.

3. The higher number of unique haplotypes found in Yunnan, China, suggested that the origin of BD chickens was in this region. The haplotypes from different haplogroups were introduced in Bangladeshi chickens from India, China and Myanmar. The phylogenetic tree showed a close relationship of BD chickens with the clusters from India, China, Myanmar and Laos, and indicated the dispersion of BD chickens from these sources. The phylogenetic information revealed high genetic diversity of BD chickens because of their origin from different lineages with high genetic variation and distance, which was determined from four cluster and neighbour-joining trees.

4. In conclusion, BD populations had high genetic diversity. The mtDNA network profiles and phylogenetic trees showed multiple maternal origins of BD chickens from India, China, Myanmar and Laos.     

PP1γ2对树鼩精子成熟和运动性的调控作用研究

为了阐明树鼩精子中是否存在丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白磷酸酶1γ2(PP1γ2)及其在附睾精子中的存在形式,进而探究PP1γ2对精子成熟和运动性的调控作用,本试验以树鼩为研究对象,采用Western blotting分析了不同条件下树鼩附睾头和附睾尾精子中PP1γ2的存在形式和磷酸化程度,探讨了双丁酰环腺苷酸(db-cAMP)、3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤(IBMX)或Ca²⁺对树鼩精子中PP1γ2磷酸化表达水平的影响,并进一步研究了磷酸酶抑制剂冈田酸(okadaic acid,OA)和花萼海绵诱癌素A(calyculin A,CA)对树鼩精子中PP1γ2磷酸化程度的影响及其对树鼩附睾头和附睾尾精子运动度的影响。结果显示,在树鼩附睾头和附睾尾精子中均存在PP1γ2,且在等量的附睾头和附睾尾精子蛋白中,PP1γ2在附睾尾精子的磷酸化程度远高于附睾头精子;db-cAMP、IBMX或Ca²⁺不改变PP1γ2的磷酸化水平;磷酸酶抑制剂OA和CA能明显提高附睾头和附睾尾中PP1γ2磷酸化的程度,且能显著提高精子(尤其是附睾头精子)的运动度(P<0.05),OA和CA的最佳作用浓度分别为1μmol/L和10 nmol/L,最佳作用时间分别为15、20 min。本研究结果表明,蛋白磷酸酶PP1γ2对树鼩精子成熟及运动性具有重要的调控作用,其主要通过磷酸化和去磷酸化的变化发挥作用。     

细口杯环线虫形态学和分子特征分析

为探讨细口杯环线虫(Cylicocyclus leptostomum)的分类地位和系统发育关系,本试验利用数码显微镜对细口杯环线虫进行了形态观察,运用PCR扩增其核糖体DNA内部转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)序列,并从GenBank中下载12种圆线虫的ITS序列,以马圆形线虫(Strongylus equinus)为外群,运用最大似然法(maximum likelihood,ML)构建系统发育树。结果显示,细口杯环线虫中等大小,口囊呈圆柱形,宽度大于深度,口囊底部有小齿;口囊壁前端薄,后端基部有明显的环箍形增厚;外叶冠由20～24个小叶组成,内叶冠由50～60个小叶组成;食道漏斗较小;雄虫生殖锥较长,呈圆锥形;雌虫尾部直,尾尖呈指形;所测ITS序列总长度为837bp,其中ITS1长366bp,5.8S长153bp,ITS2长318bp;ITS1的GC含量(46.0%)明显高于ITS2(39.8%);经BLAST同源性比对分析,本研究线虫ITS序列与GenBank上登录的同种线虫序列(登录号:AJ004849、Y08587)同源性达99.85%,与阿氏杯环线虫的同源性达99.0%,与杯环属内其他线虫的同源性仅为93.33%～98.45%;ITS序列种间差异远大于种内差异;系统进化分析显示,细口杯环线虫与阿氏杯环线虫的亲缘关系较近,而与杯环属内其他线虫的亲缘关系相对较远。综上所述,ITS序列可作为鉴定寄生线虫的分子遗传标记,证实所采标本是细口杯环线虫,并首次在国内报道了细口杯环线虫的ITS序列,为该线虫的进一步研究奠定基础。     

一株绵羊痘病毒的分离鉴定

对黑龙江省齐齐哈尔地区疑似羊痘病毒(CaPV)感染的病例通过临床症状进行初诊后,采集病羊皮肤丘疹、脓疱等病料,接种于牛肾细胞(MBDK),盲传5代,观察细胞病变情况;同时将病料接种于9日龄鸡胚的绒毛尿囊膜,观察鸡胚病变情况;利用PCR方法扩增病毒的P32基因;扩增产物经测序后构建系统进化树。结果:细胞出现规律而明显的细胞病变;鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜观察到特征性痘斑;扩增的P32基因片段长度为972 bp;系统进化树结果显示本研究分离的CaPV与其他绵羊痘病毒(SPPV)聚集在一个分支,证明该病毒为SPPV。     

防治桑枝芽枯萎细菌病害药物室内药效测定初报

作者1995~1996年对征集到的20多种杀菌剂,对桑枝、芽枯萎细菌病病原细菌No:1、No:2号菌株,应用植物病原细菌室内药效测定常规方法——抑菌圈法进行筛选,最后得出硫酸链霉素、盐酸土霉素、代森铵、抗菌素402、新洁尔灭、波尔多液、甲醛共七种对供试菌株效力较强,其中硫酸链霉素、盐酸土霉素、代森铵、波尔多液、甲醛已在病区小区试验和大田防治效果良好.     

不同砧木对苹果树水分状况日变化的影响

不同砧木红星苹果树含水量的日变化呈Ｖ形曲线。以乔砧树最高,Ｍ７中间砧树次之,Ｍ９中间砧树较低。含水量的日变化与水势的日变化基本呈正相关。地上部含水量与砧木解剖构造有关,矮砧树地上部含水量较低是导致树体矮化的因素之一     

Phylogenetic analysis and genetic mapping of Chinese Hedychium using SRAP markers

In the present study, using the SRAP markers, we analyzed the interspecific phylogenetic relationship of 22 species of Chinese Hedychium to find out fine mapping population. Using the same technique, maps of two species selected by morphological characters were constructed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 22 species were grouped into three clusters. The mapping parents selected were in one cluster, with a similarity coefficient of 0.31, which is lower than the mean value of 22 species. Two maps with medium-density were constructed. The maternal parent contained 139 loci and spanned 917.1 cM. These loci were distributed in 18 linkage groups. The paternal parent contained 203 loci and spanned 1386.8 cM, which spread over 23 linkage groups. Unfortunately, the number of loci with a segregation ratio of 3:1 was not sufficient for us to link two maps together. For parental selection, we suggested that the phylogenetic relationship as well as complements of characters should be considered. Moreover, our study showed that two species with similarity around or higher than the mean level tend to produce fine mapping population in Hedychium.     

橡胶树死皮病黄色体差异表达蛋白的初步分析

橡胶树"死皮病"给橡胶种植业带来严重的危害.为了更好地了解和阐明死皮病发生、发展的分子机制,研究应用双向凝胶电泳技术(two-dimensional gel electrophshiya/oresis,2-DE)比较橡胶树死皮株与健康株胶乳黄色体蛋白质组表达的差异.采用TCA/丙酮沉淀法提取橡胶树死皮株与健康株黄色体蛋白质并采用固相pH梯度(immobjlized pH graalient,IPG)双向凝胶电泳分离两种材料蛋白质,凝胶经银染显色后,用PDQuest图像分析软件进行比较分析、识别差异表达的蛋白质.成功获得橡胶树死皮株与健康株胶乳黄色体的双向凝胶电泳图谱.鉴定出13个蛋白差异点,其中10个上调表达,3个下调表达.并应用质谱技术鉴定了其中部分表达差异的蛋白质点,对渗调蛋白进行功能分析,认为渗调蛋白在死皮株中表现下调的情形可能与死皮病的发生有一定的关系.